Asymmetric lipid bilayers from the perspective of three-dimensional liquid crystal theory

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Agrawal ◽  
D. J. Steigmann
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Crystal ◽  
Lipid Bilayers ◽  
Three Dimensional

An Update on Recent Advances in Cubosome: A Novel Drug Delivery System

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Madhukar Garg ◽  
Anju Goyal ◽  
Sapna Kumari
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Drug Delivery System ◽  
Lipid Bilayers ◽  
Delivery System ◽  
Liquid Crystalline ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Novel Drug

: Cubosomes are highly stable nanostructured liquid crystalline dosage delivery form derived from amphiphilic lipids and polymer-based stabilizers converting it in a form of effective biocompatible carrier for the drug delivery. The delivery form comprised of bicontinuous lipid bilayers arranged in three dimensional honeycombs like structure provided with two internal aqueous channels for incorporation of number of biologically active ingredients. In contrast liposomes they provide large surface area for incorporation of different types of ingredients. Due to the distinct advantages of biocompatibility and thermodynamic stability, cubosomes have remained the first preference as method of choice in the sustained release, controlled release and targeted release dosage forms as new drug delivery system for the better release of the drugs. As lot of advancement in the new form of dosage form has bring the novel avenues in drug delivery mechanisms so it was matter of worth to compile the latest updates on the various aspects of mentioned therapeutic delivery system including its structure, routes of applications along with the potential applications to encapsulate variety drugs to serve health related benefits.

Holographic three-dimensional displays with liquid crystal on silicon spatial light modulator

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aneta Michalkiewicz ◽  
Malgorzata Kujawinska ◽  
Tomasz Kozacki ◽  
Xinghua Wang ◽  
Philip J. Bos
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Crystal ◽  
Spatial Light Modulator ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Light Modulator ◽  
Liquid Crystal On Silicon

Numerical modelling of twisted nematic devices

1983 ◽  
Vol 309 (1507) ◽  
pp. 203-216 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Crystal ◽  
Electric Fields ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Crystal Layer ◽  
Liquid Crystal Layer ◽  
Chiral Nematic ◽  
Twisted Nematic ◽  
Three Dimensional Simulations

Over most of each active region in nematic and chiral nematic twist cells the motion and configuration of the liquid crystal layer does not vary appreciably with position parallel to the surfaces. In such laminar regions the statics, dynamics and optics ot the cell can be accurately simulated at low cost on a computer of moderate size, given the appropriate physical parameters. Methods and recent advances in simulation of laminar regions are reviewed. Bistable twist cells are simulated for illustration. Important problems of stability and edge effects in the presence of electric fields await solution with two- or three-dimensional simulations.

scholarly journals Nanogold as a Specific Marker for Electron Cryotomography

2009 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 183-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yongning He ◽  
Grant J. Jensen ◽  
Pamela J. Bjorkman
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Bilayers ◽  
Outer Surface ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Fc Receptor ◽  
Specific Marker ◽  
Neonatal Fc Receptor ◽  
Membrane Bound ◽  
Nanogold Particles ◽  
Intracellular Vesicles ◽  
Electron Cryotomography

AbstractWhile electron cryotomography (ECT) provides “molecular” resolution, three-dimensional images of unique biological specimens, sample crowdedness, and/or resolution limitations can make it difficult to identify specific macromolecular components. Here we used a 1.4 nm Nanogold® cluster specifically attached to the Fc fragment of IgG to monitor its interaction with the neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn), a membrane-bound receptor that transports IgG across cells in acidic intracellular vesicles. ECT was used to image complexes formed by Nanogold-labeled Fc bound to FcRn attached to the outer surface of synthetic liposomes. In the resulting three-dimensional reconstructions, 1.4 nm Nanogold particles were distributed predominantly along the interfaces where 2:1 FcRn-Fc complexes bridged adjacent lipid bilayers. These results demonstrate that the 1.4 nm Nanogold cluster is visible in tomograms of typically thick samples (∼250 nm) recorded with defocuses appropriate for large macromolecules and is thus an effective marker.

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