scholarly journals A comparison of thyroidal protection by stable iodine or perchlorate in the case of acute or prolonged radioiodine exposure

2020 ◽  
Vol 94 (9) ◽  
pp. 3231-3247
Author(s):  
Stefan Eder ◽  
Cornelius Hermann ◽  
Andreas Lamkowski ◽  
Manabu Kinoshita ◽  
Tetsuo Yamamoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stable Iodine

Influence of stable iodine on the uptake of the thyroid – model vs. experiment

2001 ◽  
Vol 40 (01) ◽  
pp. 31-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
U. Wellner ◽  
E. Voth ◽  
H. Schicha ◽  
K. Weber
Keyword(s):  
Time Course ◽  
Compartment Model ◽  
The Body ◽  
Iodine Uptake ◽  
Model Calculations ◽  
Physiological Conditions ◽  
Iodine Supply ◽  
Predicted Values ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Stable Iodine

Summary Aim: The influence of physiological and pharmacological amounts of iodine on the uptake of radioiodine in the thyroid was examined in a 4-compartment model. This model allows equations to be derived describing the distribution of tracer iodine as a function of time. The aim of the study was to compare the predictions of the model with experimental data. Methods: Five euthyroid persons received stable iodine (200 μg, 10 mg). 1-123-uptake into the thyroid was measured with the Nal (Tl)-detector of a body counter under physiological conditions and after application of each dose of additional iodine. Actual measurements and predicted values were compared, taking into account the individual iodine supply as estimated from the thyroid uptake under physiological conditions and data from the literature. Results: Thyroid iodine uptake decreased from 80% under physiological conditions to 50% in individuals with very low iodine supply (15 μg/d) (n = 2). The uptake calculated from the model was 36%. Iodine uptake into the thyroid did not decrease in individuals with typical iodine supply, i.e. for Cologne 65-85 μg/d (n = 3). After application of 10 mg of stable iodine, uptake into the thyroid decreased in all individuals to about 5%, in accordance with the model calculations. Conclusion: Comparison of theoretical predictions with the measured values demonstrated that the model tested is well suited for describing the time course of iodine distribution and uptake within the body. It can now be used to study aspects of iodine metabolism relevant to the pharmacological administration of iodine which cannot be investigated experimentally in humans for ethical and technical reasons.

THE RELATIVE DISTRIBUTION OF THYROXINE, TRIIODOTHYRONINE AND 3,3′,5′-(REVERSE)-TRIIODOTHYRONINE IN VARIOUS FRACTIONS OF THYROGLOBULIN

1978 ◽  
Vol 88 (2) ◽  
pp. 298-305 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Laurberg
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Strength ◽  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Sucrose Gradient ◽  
Deae Cellulose ◽  
High Ionic Strength ◽  
Relative Distribution ◽  
Thyroid Extract ◽  
Reverse Triiodothyronine ◽  
Thyroid Secretion ◽  
Stable Iodine

ABSTRACT Thyroglobulin fractions rich and poor in new thyroglobulin were separated by means of DEAE-cellulose chromatography of dog thyroid extracts and by zonal ultracentrifugation in a sucrose gradient of guinea pig thyroid extract incubated at low temperature. The distribution of thyroxine, triiodothyronine and 3,3′,5′-(reverse)-triiodothyronine in hydrolysates of the different fractions was estimated by radioimmunoassays. Following DEAE-cellulose chromatography there was a small but statistically significant increase in the T4/T3 ratio in thyroglobulin fractions eluted at high ionic strength - that is fractions relatively rich in stable iodine but poor in fresh thyroglobulin. There were no differences in the T4/rT3 ratios between the different fractions. The ratios between iodothyronines were almost identical in the various thyroglobulin fractions following zonal ultracentrifugation in a sucrose gradient of cold treated guinea pig thyroid extract. These findings lend no support to the possibility that a relatively high content of triiodothyronines in freshly synthesized thyroglobulin modulates the thyroid secretion towards a preferential secretion of triiodothyronine and 3,3′,5′-(reverse)-triiodothyronine at the expense of the secretion of thyroxine.

scholarly journals Metal-free formal synthesis of phenoxazine

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 1491-1497 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriella Kervefors ◽  
Antonia Becker ◽  
Chandan Dey ◽  
Berit Olofsson
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Transition Metal ◽  
Formal Synthesis ◽  
Metal Free ◽  
Diaryl Ether ◽  
Diaryliodonium Salt ◽  
Moderate Yield ◽  
Stable Iodine

A transition metal-free formal synthesis of phenoxazine is presented. The key step of the sequence is a high-yielding O-arylation of a phenol with an unsymmetrical diaryliodonium salt to provide an ortho-disubstituted diaryl ether. This species was cyclized to acetylphenoxazine in moderate yield. The overall yield in the three-step sequence is 72% based on recovered diaryl ether. An interesting, unusually stable iodine(III) intermediate in the O-arylation was observed by NMR and could be converted to the product upon longer reaction time.

STUDIES OF STABLE IODINE METABOLISM AS A GUIDE TO THE INTERPRETATION OF RADIOIODINE TESTS

1961 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 597-606 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. A. Koutras ◽  
W. D. Alexander ◽  
W. W. Buchanan ◽  
J. Crooks ◽  
E. J. Wayne
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Features ◽  
Thyroid Function ◽  
Clinical Picture ◽  
Diagnostic Errors ◽  
Previous Treatment ◽  
The Body ◽  
High Uptake ◽  
Iodine Metabolism ◽  
Inorganic Iodine ◽  
Stable Iodine

ABSTRACT The results of radioiodine tests are dependent not only on thyroid function but also on the size of the iodine pools in which the radioiodine is diluted. The significance of the second factor is analysed in this paper and it is shown that there is a danger in interpreting radioiodine tests in isolation. The uptake of 131I is inversely related to the extrathyroidal inorganic iodine pool and the PB131I is inversely related to the intrathyroidal iodine pool. Both these pools may be diminished in euthyroid persons and thus a high uptake of 131I may be associated with a high PB131I and so lead to false diagnostic conclusions. In order to avoid diagnostic errors standard 131I tests should never be reported without some knowledge of relevant clinical features, for example, whether there is the possibility of prolonged iodine deficiency, of previous treatment, of Hashimoto's disease, or of dyshormonogenesis. In this way due weight can be given to factors which increase or decrease the iodine pools of the body and discrepancies between the clinical picture and radioiodine tests become obvious. More specific investigations can then be undertaken in appropriate cases.

scholarly journals A model to secure a stable iodine concentration in milk

2015 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 29829 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gisken Trøan ◽  
Lisbeth Dahl ◽  
Helle Margrete Meltzer ◽  
Marianne Hope Abel ◽  
Ulf Geir Indahl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Iodine Concentration ◽  
Stable Iodine

EFFECT OF VARYING STABLE IODINE IN DIETS OF COWS FED I131 ON UPTAKE OF I131 IN MAN DRINKING THE MILK—AN ABSTRACT

1964 ◽  
pp. 339
Author(s):  
E.C. WATSON ◽  
I.C. NELSON ◽  
D.H. WOOD ◽  
R.O. McCLELLAN ◽  
L.K. BUSTAD
Keyword(s):  
Stable Iodine

scholarly journals Impact of repeated dose of stable iodine in an in utero rat model using a metabolomic approach

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 06007
Author(s):  
Clément Rosique ◽  
Dalila Lebsir ◽  
Maâmar Souidi ◽  
Jean-Charles Martin
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Cancer ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Power Plant ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Radioactive Iodine ◽  
Repeated Administration ◽  
Undesirable Effect ◽  
Extended Exposure ◽  
Metabolomic Approach ◽  
Stable Iodine

The Fukushima nuclear power plant blast resulted in the release of 131Iodine for several weeks. This unexpected issue challenged the iodin doctrine [1], in which the counter-measure is to provide a unique iodine tablet to saturate thyroid during the radioactive contamination not expected to last more than several hours. A new doctrine must be implemented to take into account such case of extended exposure based on repeated iodine administration with adapted dosage. But repeated administration of iodine can block the thyroid [2] and few scientific evidences regarding repeated iodine administration (and its potential undesirable effect) are at our disposal [3]. Moreover, unborn and young children are at high risk during a nuclear incident: it is currently recognized that one of the risks of exposure to radioactive iodine is the development of thyroid cancer, especially when exposure occurred during childhood [4]. Their protection is a main priority. Our goal was to evaluate the potential undesirable effects of such repeated iodine administration in the offspring using an untargeted metabolomic approach on a rat reproductive model.

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