scholarly journals Analytical challenges of glycosaminoglycans at biological interfaces

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gergo Peter Szekeres ◽  
Kevin Pagel ◽  
Zsuzsanna Heiner
Keyword(s):  
Cell Membrane ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Structural Complexity ◽  
Structural Heterogeneity ◽  
Sum Frequency ◽  
Sum Frequency Generation Spectroscopy ◽  
Similar Chemical ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Biological Interfaces ◽  
Analytical Approaches

AbstractThe analysis of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) is a challenging task due to their high structural heterogeneity, which results in diverse GAG chains with similar chemical properties. Simultaneously, it is of high importance to understand their role and behavior in biological systems. It has been known for decades now that GAGs can interact with lipid molecules and thus contribute to the onset of atherosclerosis, but their interactions at and with biological interfaces, such as the cell membrane, are yet to be revealed. Here, analytical approaches that could yield important knowledge on the GAG-cell membrane interactions as well as the synthetic and analytical advances that make their study possible are discussed. Due to recent developments in laser technology, we particularly focus on nonlinear spectroscopic methods, especially vibrational sum-frequency generation spectroscopy, which has the potential to unravel the structural complexity of heterogeneous biological interfaces in contact with GAGs, in situ and in real time. Graphical abstract

scholarly journals Combined Analytical Approaches to Standardize and Characterize Biomaterials Formulations: Application to Chitosan-Gelatin Cross-Linked Hydrogels

Biomolecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 683
Author(s):  
Sofia Magli ◽  
Lorenzo Rossi ◽  
Cesare Consentino ◽  
Sabrina Bertini ◽  
Francesco Nicotra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Hybrid Material ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Structural Complexity ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Hybrid Hydrogels ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Analytical Approaches

A protocol based on the combination of different analytical methodologies is proposed to standardize the experimental conditions for reproducible formulations of hybrid hydrogels. The final hybrid material, based on the combination of gelatin and chitosan functionalized with methylfuran and cross-linked with 4-arm-PEG-maleimide, is able to mimic role, dynamism, and structural complexity of the extracellular matrix. Physical–chemical properties of starting polymers and finals constructs were characterized exploiting the combination of HP-SEC-TDA, UV, FT-IR, NMR, and TGA.

Recent Developments in Nanomedicines for Management of Various Health Issues Via Metabolism and Physico-Chemical Properties

2015 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 389-396
Author(s):  
Mahmood Rasool ◽  
Muhammad Naseer ◽  
Arif Malik ◽  
Abdul Manan ◽  
Ikram Ullah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Recent Developments

Comparative Area Studies

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dirk Berg-Schlosser
Keyword(s):  
Cold War ◽  
Ivory Coast ◽  
Qualitative Comparative Analysis ◽  
The Other ◽  
Area Studies ◽  
International Context ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Cross Area Studies ◽  
The Cold War ◽  
Analytical Approaches

Area studies have undergone significant changes over the last two decades. They have been transformed from mostly descriptive accounts in the international context of the Cold War to theory-oriented and methodological analytical approaches. More recent comparative methods such as “Qualitative Comparative Analysis” (QCA) and related approaches, which are particularly suitable for medium N studies, have significantly contributed to this development. This essay discusses the epistemological background of this approach as well as recent developments. It provides two examples of current “cross area studies,” one concerned with successful democratic transformations across four regions (Africa, Eastern Europe, Latin America, and East Asia), the other with political participation in marginalized settlements in four countries (Brazil, Chile, Ivory Coast, Kenya) in a multilevel analysis. The conclusion points to the theoretical promises of this approach and its practical-political relevance.

scholarly journals Sum frequency generation spectroscopy in heterogeneous model catalysis: a minireview of CO-related processes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xia Li ◽  
Günther Rupprechter
Keyword(s):  
Surface Science ◽  
Science Studies ◽  
Ambient Pressure ◽  
Sum Frequency Generation ◽  
Heterogeneous Model ◽  
Model Catalysis ◽  
Sum Frequency ◽  
Pressure Surface ◽  
Sum Frequency Generation Spectroscopy ◽  
Frequency Generation

Sum frequency generation (SFG) vibrational spectroscopy is applied to ambient pressure surface science studies of adsorption and catalytic reactions at solid/gas interfaces.

scholarly journals Shellfish Chitosan Potential in Wine Clarification

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 4417
Author(s):  
Veronica Vendramin ◽  
Gaia Spinato ◽  
Simone Vincenzi
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Structure ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Allergic Reactions ◽  
Chitin Content ◽  
Deacetylation Degree ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Similar Chemical ◽  
Fungal Chitosan ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Fish Industry

Chitosan is a chitin-derived fiber, extracted from the shellfish shells, a by-product of the fish industry, or from fungi grown in bioreactors. In oenology, it is used for the control of Brettanomyces spp., for the prevention of ferric, copper, and protein casse and for clarification. The International Organisation of Vine and Wine established the exclusive utilization of fungal chitosan to avoid the eventuality of allergic reactions. This work focuses on the differences between two chitosan categories, fungal and animal chitosan, characterizing several samples in terms of chitin content and degree of deacetylation. In addition, different acids were used to dissolve chitosans, and their effect on viscosity and on the efficacy in wine clarification were observed. The results demonstrated that even if fungal and animal chitosans shared similar chemical properties (deacetylation degree and chitin content), they showed different viscosity depending on their molecular weight but also on the acid used to dissolve them. A significant difference was discovered on their fining properties, as animal chitosans showed a faster and greater sedimentation compared to the fungal ones, independently from the acid used for their dissolution. This suggests that physical–chemical differences in the molecular structure occur between the two chitosan categories and that this significantly affects their technologic (oenological) properties.

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