Contextual determinants of the social-transfer-of-learning effect

2011 ◽  
Vol 211 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 415-422 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadia Milanese ◽  
Cristina Iani ◽  
Natalie Sebanz ◽  
Sandro Rubichi
Keyword(s):  
Transfer Of Learning ◽  
Learning Effect ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Transfer ◽  
Contextual Determinants

Contextual determinants of the social-transfer-of-learning effect

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadia Milanese ◽  
Cristina Iani ◽  
Natalie Sebanz ◽  
Sandro Rubichi
Keyword(s):  
Transfer Of Learning ◽  
Learning Effect ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Transfer ◽  
Contextual Determinants

Social context and the health consequences of disasters

2006 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandro Galea, MD, DrPH ◽  
Craig Hadley, PhD ◽  
Sasha Rudenstine, BA
Keyword(s):  
Population Health ◽  
Cultural Beliefs ◽  
Ecological Factors ◽  
Local Environment ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Health Consequences ◽  
Social Infrastructure ◽  
The Social ◽  
Contextual Determinants ◽  
Post Disaster

Disasters have been and will continue to be relatively common events in the human experience, and they make important contributions to variations in population health. There is a need, therefore, for conceptual models that identify the social and ecological factors influencing post-disaster consequences on population health. This article presents one such conceptual model which links the health consequences of natural, technological, and human-made disasters to a set of nested socioecological factors. Specifically, we attempt to link post-disaster consequences to aspects of the global and local environment and to highlight the roles played by social and ecological factors, including the social infrastructure, cultural beliefs, demography, and underlying historical and geographical circumstances. Examples from existing population-based health and disaster research are used to illustrate and amplify connections drawn from the model. From an applied standpoint, the model suggests that the role of multiple contextual determinants in shaping population health is likely to be complex. Practitioners interested in mitigating the consequences of disasters should pursue strategies that improve the underlying determinants of health, as well as practicable population- based interventions that could be implemented rapidly.

scholarly journals Anterior cingulate inputs to nucleus accumbens control the social transfer of pain and analgesia

Science ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 371 (6525) ◽  
pp. 153-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monique L. Smith ◽  
Naoyuki Asada ◽  
Robert C. Malenka
Keyword(s):  
Nucleus Accumbens ◽  
Social Communication ◽  
Basolateral Amygdala ◽  
Brain Area ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Social Partner ◽  
Emotional States ◽  
Morphine Analgesia ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Transfer

Empathy is an essential component of social communication that involves experiencing others’ sensory and emotional states. We observed that a brief social interaction with a mouse experiencing pain or morphine analgesia resulted in the transfer of these experiences to its social partner. Optogenetic manipulations demonstrated that the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and its projections to the nucleus accumbens (NAc) were selectively involved in the social transfer of both pain and analgesia. By contrast, the ACC→NAc circuit was not necessary for the social transfer of fear, which instead depended on ACC projections to the basolateral amygdala. These findings reveal that the ACC, a brain area strongly implicated in human empathic responses, mediates distinct forms of empathy in mice by influencing different downstream targets.

scholarly journals Is Disturbed Transfer of Learning in Callosal Agenesis due to a Disconnection Syndrome?

1994 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 43-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Imamura ◽  
A. Yamadori ◽  
Y. Shiga ◽  
M. Sahara ◽  
H. Abiko
Keyword(s):  
Motor Skill ◽  
Transfer Of Learning ◽  
Learning Effect ◽  
The Other ◽  
Intermanual Transfer ◽  
Callosal Agenesis ◽  
Disconnection Syndrome ◽  
Tactile Learning ◽  
Board Performance ◽  
Normal Controls

Disturbed intermanual transfer of tactile learning in callosal agenesis has been interpreted as a sign of disconnection syndrome. We observed this sign in one of four acallosal patients with a conventional form-board task, and tried to elucidate the nature of the deficit. The form-board performance of the patient with disturbed transfer of learning totally depended on motor skill, while the other acallosals and normal controls executed the task based on spatial and somesthetic information. All acallosals and normals, however, failed to show transfer of learning with another tactile task which needed motor skill but not spatial-somesthetic information. These findings suggest that the task-performing strategies in form-board learning change the state of interhemispheric transfer. Unimanual learning effect is transferred if spatial-somesthetic information is acquired in the process of learning, but is not transferred if motor skill is the exclusive content of learning. We conclude that disturbed “transfer” of learning in some acallosals is not a true disconnection sign. It should be attributed to a lack of appropriate strategy, as a result of ineffective problem solving in tactile tasks.

Normative Guidance, Evaluative Guidance, and Skill

2021 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 235-252
Author(s):  
Peter Railton
Keyword(s):  
Tool Use ◽  
Motor Skill ◽  
Internal Standard ◽  
Practical Skill ◽  
Ethical Development ◽  
Correct Performance ◽  
Transfer Of Skills ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Transfer

Abstract At least since Aristotle, practical skill has been thought to be a possible model for individual ethical development and action. Jonathan Birch’s ambitious proposal is that practical skill and tool-use might also have played a central role in the historical emergence and evolution of our very capacity for normative guidance. Birch argues that human acquisition of motor skill, for example in making and using tools, involves formation of an internal standard of correct performance, which serves as a basis for normative guidance in skilled thought and action, and in the social transfer of skills. I suggest that evaluativemodeling, guidance, and learning play a more basic role in motor skill than standards of correctness as such-indeed, such standards can provide effective normative guidance thanks to being embedded within evaluative modeling and guidance. This picture better fits the evidence Birch cites of the flexibility, adaptability, and creativity of skills, and can support a generalized version of Birch’s ‘skill hypothesis’.

O Programa Bolsa Família Enquanto Propulsor de Desenvolvimento Humano

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 370
Author(s):  
Nilsen Aparecida Vieira Marcondes ◽  
Edna Maria Querido de Oliveira Chamon ◽  
Pétala Gonçalves Lacerda
Keyword(s):  
Human Development ◽  
Experience Report ◽  
Basic Study ◽  
Extreme Poverty ◽  
The Social ◽  
Bolsa Familia ◽  
Social Transfer ◽  
Development Rights

O Programa Bolsa Família, de amplitude nacional, tem trazido consequências positivas no aspecto socioeconômico das famílias atendidas, por isso objetiva-se refletir sobre a importância do Programa, enquanto propulsor de desenvolvimento humano. Trata-se de um estudo básico, quanti-qualitativo e descritivo, caracterizado como relato de experiência. Como resultado esta síntese reflexiva demonstra que o Programa Bolsa Família se configura como propulsor de melhorias para muitos brasileiros, os quais têm acesso a oportunidades capazes de transformar suas realidades socioeconômicas, contribuindo para sua saída do estado de extrema pobreza. Conclui-se que centrar discussões em torno do desenvolvimento humano impulsionado pelos Programas Sociais de Transferência de Renda contribui para ressignificar as ações de todos os profissionais, que direcionam o fazer na efetivação da emancipação humana. Palavras-chave: Programa Bolsa Família. Desenvolvimento Humano. Direitos de Cidadania. Relato de Experiência.  AbstractThe Bolsa Família Program, nation-wide, has brought positive consequences in the aspect socioeconomic of the families served by this objective is to reflect on the importance of the Bolsa Família Program as a driver human development. This is a basic study, quanti-qualitative and descriptive, characterized as an experience report. As a result of this synthes reflective shows that Bolsa Família is configured as propellant improvements for many Brazilians, who have access to opportunities that can transform their socioeconomic realities, contributing to its exit from extreme poverty. Is concluded that focus discussions on the human development by the Social Transfer Cash Programs contributes helps tore frame the actions of all other professionals that guide their work in realization of human emancipation. Keywords: Bolsa Família Program. Human Development. Rights of Citizenship. Experience Report.

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