Konstruksi Belajar Multi Arah pada Implementasi Model Merdeka Belajar dan Kampus Merdeka (Learning Analysis of How to Learn based on Self Awareness)

Construction of multi direction which initiates students’ involvement by self-directed, collaborative, and institutional as learning approach, oriented on the effort of improving graduates capacity in which be able to apply their own knowledge and practical skill experience in working world that take advantage of wide learning source with learning model of research or inquiry through merdeka belajar dan kampus merdeka model, based on institution characteristics that its curriculum ignites the pattern of multi direction learning. Therefore, the students can analyze learning how to learn based on their learning needs. Implementation of multi direction strategy needs curriculum design of college that is adaptive suitable with the demands of contemporary regulation change and future needs which states in design of kurikulum kualifikasi nasional Indonesia (KKNI). The impact of construction multi direction implementation is employment skill and enterpreneurship based on community character values which are available in society life civilization. Employment skill dan entrepreneurship contain critical thinking element which grows students that have self capacity appearing in themselves that are able to think critically, think creatively, communicate effectively with other people and collaborate with colleague or tim work.

EP.TU.657Scoping the role and content of a simulator-based endosim curriculum

Background Endoscopy training requires simultaneous acquisition of practical skill and knowledge. Virtual reality Simulators, such as EndoSim (SurgicalScience), offer the opportunity to deconstruct a skill into fundamental components (1), to allow repetitive practice, and achievement of task-specific objectives. Trainees with the least endoscopy experience benefit most from early simulated training (2,3), supporting the introduction of a simulation curriculum into SPRINT: Structured PRogramme for INduction and Training, an existing initiative to improve endoscopy training delivery in Wales. (4) The aim of this study was to design a pilot simulator curriculum for the EndoSim (Surgical Science, Gothemberg) simulator. Methods A focus group completed all EndoSim modules. Each EndoSim exercise was cross-examined against the relevant DOPS tool “Direct Observation of Procedural Skill” used by the Joint Advisory Group for Endoscopy Training and Certification. Exercises were chosen that represented each DOPS domain to teach basic skills in endoscopy scope handling. Results 12 exercises were chosen. These exercises addressed the insertion and withdrawal, and visualisation components of the JAG DOPS tool. Pre-procedural skills, management of findings, post-procedural skills and endoscopic non-technical Skills (ENTS) are beyond the scope of this simulator and require additional taught sessions to provide the context for current simulation training. Discussion This is the first step in developing and refining appropriate exercises to inform the proposed curriculum. The next step will be validating the chosen exercises against expert benchmark performance.

Development and Testing of an Instrument for Summative Assessment of Practical Skill Performance: A Generalizability Theory Approach

Background and PurposeMany newly graduated nurses lack proficiency in practical skill performance. Presently, nursing students’ practical skill is assessed by summative instruments with overarching items. The purpose of this study was to develop a more detailed instrument to use in summative assessment of nursing students’ practical skill performance and to assess its psychometric properties.MethodsA 50-item instrument was developed. Video-recorded performances were rated by experienced clinical supervisors. A multifacet measurement design was developed. Relevant parameters were estimated by generalizability analysis.ResultsFindings indicated that error of measurement were mainly caused by raters far more than by items. Conclusions: The present study suggested that summative assessment in realistic settings may not apply one rater only. Two to three/four raters appear necessary to dependably measure most skills.

AGAINST EPISTEMOLOGICAL HIERARCHIES: ON THE VALUE OF FORMING BODILY KNOWLEDGE

The article reveals such concepts as “metis,” “body techniques,” “practical skill,” “kinesthetic intelligence,” and “movement skill.” These concepts are united by the fact that the accumulation of knowledge is presented as a largely unconscious process in which muscles play the same role as the brain. The essence of these concepts can be expressed in the term “bodily knowledge,” which contrasts itself in the epistemological sense with codified practical knowledge, instructions, and rules – techne. Bodily knowledge is based on movements and muscle sensations. Russian physiologist I.M. Sechenov called this sensation “dark,” pointing out that such sensations are almost impossible to comprehend, describe, and analyze. However, such feelings cannot be entirely opposed to thought. This “smart skill,” as poet and writer Varlam Shalamov called it, can be considered a separate type of cognition. This article is an attempt to comprehensively discuss the concept of “body knowledge.”

Normative Guidance, Evaluative Guidance, and Skill

At least since Aristotle, practical skill has been thought to be a possible model for individual ethical development and action. Jonathan Birch’s ambitious proposal is that practical skill and tool-use might also have played a central role in the historical emergence and evolution of our very capacity for normative guidance. Birch argues that human acquisition of motor skill, for example in making and using tools, involves formation of an internal standard of correct performance, which serves as a basis for normative guidance in skilled thought and action, and in the social transfer of skills. I suggest that evaluativemodeling, guidance, and learning play a more basic role in motor skill than standards of correctness as such-indeed, such standards can provide effective normative guidance thanks to being embedded within evaluative modeling and guidance. This picture better fits the evidence Birch cites of the flexibility, adaptability, and creativity of skills, and can support a generalized version of Birch’s ‘skill hypothesis’.

Training and competence in cardiovascular imaging

The provision of safe and effective cardiovascular imaging requires a competent trained workforce practising within a quality assured service. Training has evolved and nowadays organized training programmes with objective assessments of competence are the norm across the cardiovascular imaging modalities. The European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging (EACVI) has been instrumental in many of the progressive improvements in training and competence assessment in the last decade. Typically training programmes require acquisition of knowledge, skill, and professionalism assessed by exams, logbooks, and workplace-based assessments. E-learning and simulation are increasingly used as tools to enhance knowledge acquisition and practical skill development. Effective clinical performance, which is the ultimate aim, requires competent individuals to work in a quality assured environment. The future challenge will be to transition from a unimodality model to a multimodality approach.

One-on-one mentoring for final year medical students during the neurosurgery rotation

Background Medical students show varying clinical practical skills when entering their final year clinical clerkship, which is the final period to acquire and improve practical skills prior to their residency. We developed a one-on-one mentoring program to allow individually tailored teaching of clinical practical skills to support final year students with varying skill sets during their neurosurgical clinical clerkship. Methods Each participating student (n = 23) was paired with a mentor. At the beginning students were asked about their expectations, teaching preferences and surgical interest. Regular meetings and evaluations of clinical practical skills were scheduled every 2 weeks together with fixed rotations that could be individually adjusted. The one-on-one meetings and evaluations with the mentor gave each student the chance for individually tailored teaching. After completion of the program each student evaluated their experience. Results The mentoring program was well received by participating students and acquisition or improvement of clinical practical skills was achieved by most students. A varying practical skill level and interest in the field of surgery was seen. Conclusions A neurosurgical one-on-one mentoring program is well received by final year medical students and allows for individually tailored learning of clinical practical skills.

Toolmaking and the evolution of normative cognition

We are all guided by thousands of norms, but how did our capacity for normative cognition evolve? I propose there is a deep but neglected link between normative cognition and practical skill. In modern humans, complex motor skills and craft skills, such as toolmaking, are guided by internally represented norms of correct performance. Moreover, it is plausible that core components of human normative cognition evolved as a solution to the distinctive problems of transmitting complex motor skills and craft skills, especially skills related to toolmaking, through social learning. If this is correct, the expansion of the normative domain beyond technique to encompass more abstract norms of fairness, reciprocity, ritual and kinship involved the elaboration of a basic platform for the guidance of skilled action by technical norms. This article motivates and defends this “skill hypothesis” for the origin of normative cognition and sets out various ways in which it could be empirically tested.

Expanding the Terrain of Online Higher Education Through Active Blended Learning

As institutions harness the growing mobility in the lives of students and recognize the expanding terrain of possibilities by incorporating innovative active blended learning approaches, it is imperative to reimagine education itself. Connectivity and active blended learning can open doors for focused interactions, fostering deeper understanding through synchronous and asynchronous learning. The level of attention given by programs to active blended learning can sometimes portend success – programs with strong strategies and methods find ways to flip classrooms, deploy practical skill-based experiences, and design rigorous engagement initiatives. How can more programs take advantage of active blended learning methodologies and approaches to engage communities of inquiry for collaborative learning across borders?