Temporal dynamics of primary motor cortex gamma oscillation amplitude and piper corticomuscular coherence changes during motor control

2011 ◽  
Vol 212 (4) ◽  
pp. 623-633 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suresh D. Muthukumaraswamy
Keyword(s):  
Motor Control ◽  
Motor Cortex ◽  
Primary Motor Cortex ◽  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Oscillation Amplitude ◽  
Gamma Oscillation ◽  
Corticomuscular Coherence

Long range high-gamma (60-90 Hz) coupling between primary motor cortex and SMA during motor control revealed by MEG source imaging

NeuroImage ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 47 ◽  
pp. S173
Author(s):  
K Jerbi ◽  
H Hui ◽  
D Pantazis ◽  
J-P Lachaux ◽  
O Bertrand ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Motor Control ◽  
Motor Cortex ◽  
Long Range ◽  
Primary Motor Cortex ◽  
Source Imaging ◽  
High Gamma

Motor control: spinal and cortical mechanisms

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Burke
Keyword(s):  
Motor Control ◽  
Motor Cortex ◽  
Voluntary Movement ◽  
Primary Motor Cortex ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Spinal Reflex ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
Spinal Level ◽  
Corticospinal System ◽  
The Brain

There is extensive machinery at cerebral and spinal levels to support voluntary movement, but spinal mechanisms are often ignored by clinicians and researchers. For movements of the upper and lower limbs, what the brain commands can be modified or even suppressed completely at spinal level. The corticospinal system is the executive pathway for movement arising largely from primary motor cortex, but movement is not initiated there, and other pathways normally contribute to movement. Greater use of these pathways can allow movement to be restored when the corticospinal system is damaged by, e.g. stroke, but there can be unwanted consequences of this ‘plasticity’. There is an extensive literature on cerebral mechanisms in the control of movement, and an equally large literature on spinal reflex function and the changes that occur during movement, and when pathology results in weakness and/or spasticity.

Functional Properties of Human Primary Motor Cortex Gamma Oscillations

2010 ◽  
Vol 104 (5) ◽  
pp. 2873-2885 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suresh D. Muthukumaraswamy
Keyword(s):  
Motor Control ◽  
Motor Cortex ◽  
Primary Motor Cortex ◽  
Gamma Oscillations ◽  
Finger Movement ◽  
Sensorimotor System ◽  
Repetitive Movement ◽  
Somatosensory Feedback ◽  
Muscle Shortening ◽  
Kinematic Properties

Gamma oscillations in human primary motor cortex (M1) have been described in human electrocorticographic and noninvasive magnetoencephalographic (MEG)/electroencephalographic recordings, yet their functional significance within the sensorimotor system remains unknown. In a set of four MEG experiments described here a number of properties of these oscillations are elucidated. First, gamma oscillations were reliably localized by MEG in M1 and reached peak amplitude 137 ms after electromyographic onset and were not affected by whether movements were cued or self-paced. Gamma oscillations were found to be stronger for larger movements but were absent during the sustained part of isometric movements, with no finger movement or muscle shortening. During repetitive movement sequences gamma oscillations were greater for the first movement of a sequence. Finally, gamma oscillations were absent during passive shortening of the finger compared with active contractions sharing similar kinematic properties demonstrating that M1 oscillations are not simply related to somatosensory feedback. This combined pattern of results is consistent with gamma oscillations playing a role in a relatively late stage of motor control, encoding information related to limb movement rather than to muscle contraction.

Redundant information encoding in primary motor cortex during natural and prosthetic motor control

2011 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 555-561 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelvin So ◽  
Karunesh Ganguly ◽  
Jessica Jimenez ◽  
Michael C. Gastpar ◽  
Jose M. Carmena
Keyword(s):  
Motor Control ◽  
Motor Cortex ◽  
Primary Motor Cortex ◽  
Redundant Information ◽  
Information Encoding

scholarly journals Propagating patterns of activity across motor cortex facilitate movement initiation

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karthikeyan Balasubramanian ◽  
Vasileios Papadourakis ◽  
Wei Liang ◽  
Kazutaka Takahashi ◽  
Matt Best ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Motor Cortex ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Primary Motor Cortex ◽  
Cortical Excitability ◽  
Oscillation Amplitude ◽  
Movement Planning ◽  
Movement Initiation ◽  
Movement Onset ◽  
Recruitment Pattern ◽  
Functional Connections

AbstractVoluntary movement initiation involves the modulation of neurons in the primary motor cortex (M1) around movement onset. Yet, similar modulations of M1 activity occur during movement planning when no movement occurs. Here, we show that a sequential spatio-temporal pattern of excitability based on beta oscillation amplitude attenuation propagates across M1 prior to the initiation of reaching movements in one of two oppositely oriented directions along the rostro-caudal axis. Using spatiotemporal patterns of intracortical microstimulation, we find that reaction time increases significantly when stimulation is delivered against but not with the natural propagation orientation suggesting that movement initiation requires a precise recruitment pattern in M1. Functional connections among M1 units emerge at movement onset that are oriented along the same rostro-caudal axis but not during movement planning. Finally, we show that beta amplitude profiles can more accurately decode muscle activity when these patterns conform to the natural propagating patterns. These findings provide the first causal evidence that large-scale, spatially organized propagating patterns of cortical excitability and activity are behaviorally relevant and may be a necessary component of movement initiation.

Breakdown in central motor control can be attenuated by motor practice and neuro-modulation of the primary motor cortex

Neuroscience ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 220 ◽  
pp. 11-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
W.P. Teo ◽  
J.P. Rodrigues ◽  
F.L. Mastaglia ◽  
G.W. Thickbroom
Keyword(s):  
Motor Control ◽  
Motor Cortex ◽  
Primary Motor Cortex ◽  
Motor Practice

Synchronization of Neuronal Activity in the Human Primary Motor Cortex by Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation: An EEG Study

2001 ◽  
Vol 86 (4) ◽  
pp. 1983-1990 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Paus ◽  
P. K. Sipila ◽  
A. P. Strafella
Keyword(s):  
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Motor Cortex ◽  
Cortical Neurons ◽  
Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Primary Motor Cortex ◽  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Single Pulse ◽  
Cortical Oscillations ◽  
Cortical Rhythms ◽  
Oscillatory Response

Using multichannel electroencephalography (EEG), we investigated temporal dynamics of the cortical response to transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). TMS was applied over the left primary motor cortex (M1) of healthy volunteers, intermixing single suprathreshold pulses with pairs of sub- and suprathreshold pulses and simultaneously recording EEG from 60 scalp electrodes. Averaging of EEG data time locked to the onset of TMS pulses yielded a waveform consisting of a positive peak (30 ms after the pulse P30), followed by two negative peaks [at 45 (N45) and 100 ms]. Peak-to-peak amplitude of the P30–N45 waveform was high, ranging from 12 to 70 μV; in most subjects, the N45 potential could be identified in single EEG traces. Spectral analysis revealed that single-pulse TMS induced a brief period of synchronized activity in the beta range (15–30 Hz) in the vicinity of the stimulation site; again, this oscillatory response was apparent not only in the EEG averages but also in single traces. Both the N45 and the oscillatory response were lower in amplitude in the 12-ms (but not 3-ms) paired-pulse trials, compared with the single-pulse trials. These findings are consistent with the possibility that TMS applied to M1 induces transient synchronization of spontaneous activity of cortical neurons within the 15- to 30-Hz frequency range. As such, they corroborate previous studies of cortical oscillations in the motor cortex and point to the potential of the combined TMS/EEG approach for further investigations of cortical rhythms in the human brain.

scholarly journals Mapping human laryngeal motor cortex during vocalization

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole Eichert ◽  
Daniel Papp ◽  
Rogier B. Mars ◽  
Kate E. Watkins
Keyword(s):  
Motor Control ◽  
Motor Cortex ◽  
Primary Motor Cortex ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Premotor Cortex ◽  
Neural Representation ◽  
Human Larynx ◽  
Motor Representations ◽  
Quantitative Neuroimaging ◽  
Hand Area

AbstractThe representations of the articulators involved in human speech production are organized somatotopically in primary motor cortex. The neural representation of the larynx, however, remains debated. Both a dorsal and a ventral larynx representation have been previously described. It is unknown, however, whether both representations are located in primary motor cortex. Here, we mapped the motor representations of the human larynx using fMRI and characterized the cortical microstructure underlying the activated regions. We isolated brain activity related to laryngeal activity during vocalization while controlling for breathing. We also mapped the articulators (the lips and tongue) and the hand area. We found two separate activations during vocalization – a dorsal and a ventral larynx representation. Structural and quantitative neuroimaging revealed that myelin content and cortical thickness underlying the dorsal, but not the ventral larynx representation, are similar to those of other primary motor representations. This finding confirms that the dorsal larynx representation is located in primary motor cortex and that the ventral one is not. We further speculate that the location of the ventral larynx representation is in premotor cortex, as seen in other primates. It remains unclear, however, whether and how these two representations differentially contribute to laryngeal motor control.

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