scholarly journals Three-dimensional numerical and experimental study of fracture saturation in panel paintings

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Yaghoub Abdollahzadeh Jamalabadi ◽  
Noemi Zabari ◽  
Łukasz Bratasz
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Structural Response ◽  
Drying Shrinkage ◽  
Paint Layer ◽  
Three Dimensional Model ◽  
Crack Patterns ◽  
Panel Painting ◽  
Complex Crack ◽  
Wood Grain ◽  
Panel Paintings

AbstractPanel paintings—complex multi-layer structures consisting of wood support and a paint layer composed of a preparatory layer of gesso, paints, and varnishes—are among the category of cultural objects most vulnerable to relative humidity fluctuations and frequently found in museum collections. The current environmental specifications in museums have been derived using the criterion of crack initiation in an undamaged, usually new gesso layer laid on wood. In reality, historical paintings exhibit complex crack patterns called craquelures. The present paper analyses the structural response of a paint layer with a virtual network of rectangular cracks under environmental loadings using a three-dimensional model of a panel painting. Two modes of loading are considered—one induced by one-dimensional moisture response of wood support, termed the tangential loading, and the other isotropic induced by drying shrinkage of the gesso layer. The superposition of the two modes is also analysed. The modelling showed that minimum distances between cracks parallel to the wood grain depended on the gesso stiffness under the tangential loading. Despite a nonzero Poisson’s ratio, gesso cracks perpendicular to the wood grain could not be generated by the moisture response of the wood support. The isotropic drying shrinkage of gesso produced cracks that were almost evenly spaced in both directions. The modelling results were cross-checked with crack patterns obtained on a mock-up of a panel painting exposed to several extreme environmental variations in an environmental chamber.

scholarly journals Seismic Response of 3D Steel Buildings considering the Effect of PR Connections and Gravity Frames

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Alfredo Reyes-Salazar ◽  
Edén Bojórquez ◽  
Achintya Haldar ◽  
Arturo López-Barraza ◽  
J. Luz Rivera-Salas
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Analysis ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Structural Response ◽  
Steel Buildings ◽  
Three Dimensional Model ◽  
Structural Resistance ◽  
Moment Resisting ◽  
Plane Frames ◽  
Partially Restrained ◽  
Gravity Frames

The nonlinear seismic responses of 3D steel buildings with perimeter moment resisting frames (PMRF) and interior gravity frames (IGF) are studied explicitly considering the contribution of the IGF. The effect on the structural response of the stiffness of the beam-to-column connections of the IGF, which is usually neglected, is also studied. It is commonly believed that the flexibility of shear connections is negligible and that 2D models can be used to properly represent 3D real structures. The results of the study indicate, however, that the moments developed on columns of IGF can be considerable and that modeling buildings as plane frames may result in very conservative designs. The contribution of IGF to the lateral structural resistance may be significant. The contribution increases when their connections are assumed to be partially restrained (PR). The incremented participation of IGF when the stiffness of their connections is considered helps to counteract the no conservative effect that results in practice when lateral seismic loads are not considered in IGF while designing steel buildings with PMRF. Thus, if the structural system under consideration is used, the three-dimensional model should be used in seismic analysis and the IGF and the stiffness of their connections should be considered as part of the lateral resistance system.

Three-Dimensional Analysis of Continuously Reinforced Concrete Pavements

2000 ◽  
Vol 1730 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seong-Min Kim ◽  
Moon C. Won ◽  
B. Frank McCullough
Keyword(s):  
Reinforced Concrete ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Drying Shrinkage ◽  
Nonlinear Effects ◽  
Element Model ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Dimensional Model ◽  
Three Dimensional Model ◽  
Transverse Steel ◽  
Three Dimensional Finite Element

Continuously reinforced concrete pavement (CRCP) performance depends primarily on early-age cracks that result from changes in temperature and drying shrinkage. Presented is the behavior of the CRCP due to the temperature change obtained by using a three-dimensional finite element model. The nonlinear effects of the bond-slip between concrete and steel and between concrete and base have been studied. Modeling for the curling effect and for the viscoelastic material characteristics also has been considered. The results from the two-dimensional and three-dimensional models have been compared to verify the possibility of using a two-dimensional model. From this study, it was found that crack width and concrete stress are dependent on the transverse steel arrangement near the edge (longitudinal joint), but they are almost independent in the interior of the slab. The tensile stress occurring at the top of the edge on the transverse steel location can be higher than that occurring at the top of the slab center. This represents the possibility of forming a transverse crack from the edge on the transverse steel location. The twodimensional model with the plane stress element gives results very close to those of the three-dimensional model, except near the edge.

scholarly journals Optimum Design of TMD System for Tall Buildings

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed Abdelraheem Farghaly ◽  
Mahmoud Salem Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Design Procedure ◽  
Structural Response ◽  
Time History ◽  
Tall Buildings ◽  
Three Dimensional Model ◽  
Seismic Excitations ◽  
History Analysis ◽  
Mass Damper ◽  
Dynamic Excitations

As tall buildings keep becoming taller, they become more susceptible to dynamic excitations such as wind and seismic excitations. In this paper, design procedure and some current applications of tuned mass damper (TMD) are discussed. A symmetrical moment resistance frame (MRF) twenty storey three-dimensional model were modeled in SAP2000 and a TMD was placed on its top and through it to study its effects on the structural response due to seismic excitations and using time history analysis with and without the TMD. The study indicates that the response of structure such as storey displacements and shear force of columns can be dramatically reduced by using TMD (groups of TMDs) devices especially with a specific arrangement in the model. The study illustrates the group of four TMDs distributed on the plan (interior) which can be effective as R.C. core shear wall.

Three-Dimensional Model for Virtual Surgical Simulation, during Complex Skull Base Surgery and Aneurysm Surgery

Skull Base ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 18 (S 01) ◽  
Author(s):  
Akio Morita ◽  
Toshikazu Kimura ◽  
Shigeo Sora ◽  
Kengo Nishimura ◽  
Hisayuki Sugiyama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skull Base ◽  
Surgical Simulation ◽  
Skull Base Surgery ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Aneurysm Surgery ◽  
Dimensional Model ◽  
Three Dimensional Model

Digitalization system of ancient architecture decoration art based on neural network and image features

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Wu Xin ◽  
Qiu Daping
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Construction Industry ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Performance Testing ◽  
Image Features ◽  
Three Dimensional Model ◽  
Performance Effect ◽  
Data Process ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Construction Mode

The inheritance and innovation of ancient architecture decoration art is an important way for the development of the construction industry. The data process of traditional ancient architecture decoration art is relatively backward, which leads to the obvious distortion of the digitalization of ancient architecture decoration art. In order to improve the digital effect of ancient architecture decoration art, based on neural network, this paper combines the image features to construct a neural network-based ancient architecture decoration art data system model, and graphically expresses the static construction mode and dynamic construction process of the architecture group. Based on this, three-dimensional model reconstruction and scene simulation experiments of architecture groups are realized. In order to verify the performance effect of the system proposed in this paper, it is verified through simulation and performance testing, and data visualization is performed through statistical methods. The result of the study shows that the digitalization effect of the ancient architecture decoration art proposed in this paper is good.

Phonetic iconicity in the evaluative morphology of a sample of Indo-European, Niger-Congo and Austronesian languages

2010 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 156-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renáta Gregová ◽  
Lívia Körtvélyessy ◽  
Július Zimmermann
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Sound Symbolism ◽  
Three Dimensional Model ◽  
Austronesian Languages ◽  
Place Of Articulation ◽  
European Languages ◽  
Phonetic Symbolism ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Core Vocabulary

Universals Archive (Universal #1926) indicates a universal tendency for sound symbolism in reference to the expression of diminutives and augmentatives. The research ( Štekauer et al. 2009 ) carried out on European languages has not proved the tendency at all. Therefore, our research was extended to cover three language families – Indo-European, Niger-Congo and Austronesian. A three-step analysis examining different aspects of phonetic symbolism was carried out on a core vocabulary of 35 lexical items. A research sample was selected out of 60 languages. The evaluative markers were analyzed according to both phonetic classification of vowels and consonants and Ultan's and Niewenhuis' conclusions on the dominance of palatal and post-alveolar consonants in diminutive markers. Finally, the data obtained in our sample languages was evaluated by means of a three-dimensional model illustrating the place of articulation of the individual segments.

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