Influence of UV radiation on the survival of larvae from broadcast-spawning reef corals

In sessile modular marine invertebrates, chimeras can originate from fusions of closely settling larvae or of colonies that come into contact through growth or movement. While it has been shown that juveniles of brooding corals fuse under experimental conditions, chimera formation in broadcast spawning corals, the most abundant group of reef corals, has not been examined. This study explores the capacity of the broadcast spawning coral Acropora millepora to form chimeras under experimental conditions and to persist as chimeras in the field. Under experimental conditions, 1.5-fold more larvae settled in aggregations than solitarily, and analyses of nine microsatellite loci revealed that 50 per cent of juveniles tested harboured different genotypes within the same colony. Significantly, some chimeric colonies persisted for 23 months post-settlement, when the study ended. Genotypes within persisting chimeric colonies all showed a high level of relatedness, whereas rejecting colonies displayed variable levels of relatedness. The nearly threefold greater sizes of chimeras compared with solitary juveniles, from settlement through to at least three months, suggest that chimerism is likely to be an important strategy for maximizing survival of vulnerable early life-history stages of corals, although longer-term studies are required to more fully explore the potential benefits of chimerism.

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Tradeoffs to Thermal Acclimation: Energetics and Reproduction of a Reef Coral with Heat TolerantSymbiodiniumType-D

Journal of Marine Biology ◽

10.1155/2011/185890 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 2011 ◽

pp. 1-12 ◽

Cited By ~ 63

Author(s):

Alison M. Jones ◽

Ray Berkelmans

Keyword(s):

Reef Coral ◽

Bleaching Event ◽

Larval Duration ◽

Negative Effects ◽

Broadcast Spawning ◽

Acropora Millepora ◽

Reef Corals ◽

Type D ◽

Tropical Reefs ◽

Spawning Time

The photo-physiological characteristics of thermo-tolerantSymbiodiniumtypes have been postulated to have negative effects on the energetics of the reef corals by reducing fitness. To investigate this, two key and inextricably coupled indicators of fitness, lipids and reproduction, were monitored in colonies of the broadcast-spawning coralAcropora milleporaover a two-year period that included a natural bleaching event. In the absence of bleaching ITS1-type clade D predominant colonies had 26% lower stored lipids compared to C2 colonies. At spawning time, this correlated with 28% smaller eggs in type-D colonies. This energetic disparity is expected to have reduced larval duration and settlement-competency periods in type-D compared to type-C2 colonies. More importantly, irrespective of the effect of genotype, the fitness of all corals was adversely affected by the stress of the bleaching event which reduced prespawning lipids by 60% and halved the number of eggs compared to the previous year. Our results extend work that has shown that direct temperature stress and symbiont change are likely to work in concert on corals by demonstrating that the lipids and reproduction of the reef building corals on tropical reefs are likely to be impaired by these processes as our climate warms.

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Neutrophil Myeloperoxidase Destruction by Ultraviolet Irradiation

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100102778 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 46 ◽

pp. 138-139

Author(s):

J. Hanker ◽

B. Giammara ◽

G. Strauss

Keyword(s):

Uv Radiation ◽

Myeloid Leukemia ◽

Stratospheric Ozone ◽

Psoriasis Patient ◽

Whole Body ◽

Human Neutrophils ◽

Cupric Nitrate ◽

The Earth ◽

Routine Handling ◽

Uvb Phototherapy

Only a fraction of the UV radiation emitted by the sun reaches the earth; most of the UVB (290-320nm) is eliminated by stratospheric ozone. There is increasing concern, however, that man-made chemicals are damaging this ozone layer. Although the effects of UV on DNA or as a carcinogen are widely known, preleukemia and acute myeloid leukemia (AML) have only rarely been reported in psoriasis patients treated with 8-methoxypsoralen and UV (PUVA). It was therefore of interest to study the effects of UV on the myeloperoxidase (MP) activity of human neutrophils. The peroxidase activity of enriched leukocyte preparations on coverslips was shown cytochemically with a diaminobenzidine medium and cupric nitrate intensification.Control samples (Figs. 1,4,5) of human bloods that were not specifically exposed to UV radiation or light except during routine handling were compared with samples which had been exposed in one of several different ways. One preparation (Fig. 2) was from a psoriasis patient who had received whole-body UVB phototherapy repeatedly.

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Far-Infrared Spectroscopy of Diffuse Interstellar Medium - Large Silicon Abundance and Effects of UV Radiation

EAS Publications Series ◽

10.1051/eas:2002092 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 4 ◽

pp. 303-303

Author(s):

T. Onaka ◽

Y. Okada ◽

M. Mizutani ◽

Y. Doi ◽

H. Shibai

Keyword(s):

Infrared Spectroscopy ◽

Interstellar Medium ◽

Uv Radiation ◽

Far Infrared ◽

Far Infrared Spectroscopy

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Effects of tropical storms on the demography of reef corals

Marine Ecology Progress Series ◽

10.3354/meps12760 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 606 ◽

pp. 29-38 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

AH Baird ◽

M Álvarez-Noriega ◽

VR Cumbo ◽

SR Connolly ◽

M Dornelas ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Tropical Storms ◽

Reef Corals

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Effective parameterizations of the atmospheric ozone absorption of biologically active UV radiation

Оптика атмосферы и океана ◽

10.15372/aoo20170711 ◽

2017 ◽

Keyword(s):

Uv Radiation ◽

Biologically Active ◽

Atmospheric Ozone ◽

Ozone Absorption

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Investigation of the Effect of Uv-Assisted Oxidation and Nitridation of Hafnium Metal Films

MRS Proceedings ◽

10.1557/proc-780-y5.5 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 780 ◽

Author(s):

C. Essary ◽

V. Craciun ◽

J. M. Howard ◽

R. K. Singh

Keyword(s):

Uv Radiation ◽

Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽

Grazing Angle ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

Metal Thin Films ◽

X Ray ◽

Force Microscopy ◽

Si Substrates ◽

Atomic Force ◽

Silicon Interface

AbstractHf metal thin films were deposited on Si substrates using a pulsed laser deposition technique in vacuum and in ammonia ambients. The films were then oxidized at 400 °C in 300 Torr of O2. Half the samples were oxidized in the presence of ultraviolet (UV) radiation from a Hg lamp array. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy, and grazing angle X-ray diffraction were used to compare the crystallinity, roughness, and composition of the films. It has been found that UV radiation causes roughening of the films and also promotes crystallization at lower temperatures.Furthermore, increased silicon oxidation at the interface was noted with the UVirradiated samples and was shown to be in the form of a mixed layer using angle-resolved X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Incorporation of nitrogen into the film reduces the oxidation of the silicon interface.

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