scholarly journals What brain abnormalities can magnetic resonance imaging detect in foetal and early neonatal spina bifida: a systematic review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nada Mufti ◽  
Adalina Sacco ◽  
Michael Aertsen ◽  
Fred Ushakov ◽  
Sebastian Ourselin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Spina Bifida ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Preoperative Evaluation ◽  
Cortical Folding ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Brain Abnormalities ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri

Abstract Purpose Open spina bifida (OSB) encompasses a wide spectrum of intracranial abnormalities. With foetal surgery as a new treatment option, robust intracranial imaging is important for comprehensive preoperative evaluation and prognostication. We aimed to determine the incidence of infratentorial and supratentorial findings detected by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) alone and MRI compared to ultrasound. Methods Two systematic reviews comparing MRI to ultrasound and MRI alone were conducted on MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane databases identifying studies of foetal OSB from 2000 to 2020. Intracranial imaging findings were analysed at ≤ 26 or > 26 weeks gestation and neonates (≤ 28 days). Data was independently extracted by two reviewers and meta-analysis was performed where possible. Results Thirty-six studies reported brain abnormalities detected by MRI alone in patients who previously had an ultrasound. Callosal dysgenesis was identified in 4/29 cases (2 foetuses ≤ 26 weeks, 1 foetus under any gestation, and 1 neonate ≤ 28 days) (15.1%, CI:5.7–34.3%). Heterotopia was identified in 7/40 foetuses ≤ 26 weeks (19.8%, CI:7.7–42.2%), 9/36 foetuses > 26 weeks (25.3%, CI:13.7–41.9%), and 64/250 neonates ≤ 28 days (26.9%, CI:15.3–42.8%). Additional abnormalities included aberrant cortical folding and other Chiari II malformation findings such as lower cervicomedullary kink level, tectal beaking, and hypoplastic tentorium. Eight studies compared MRI directly to ultrasound, but due to reporting inconsistencies, it was not possible to meta-analyse. Conclusion MRI is able to detect anomalies hitherto underestimated in foetal OSB which may be important for case selection. In view of increasing prenatal OSB surgery, further studies are required to assess developmental consequences of these findings.

scholarly journals Multi-modal magnetic resonance imaging in a mouse model of concussion

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuan Vinh To ◽  
Fatima A. Nasrallah
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Mouse Model ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Data Repository ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Loss Of Righting Reflex ◽  
Post Impact ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri

AbstractThis data collection contains Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) data, including structural, diffusion, stimulus-evoked, and resting-state functional MRI and behavioural assessment results, including acute post-impact Loss-of-Righting Reflex time and acute, subacute, and longer-term Neural Severity Score, and Open Field Behaviour obtained from a mouse model of concussion. Four cohorts with 43 3–4 months old male mice in total were used: Sham (n = 14, n = 6 day 2, n = 3 day 7, n = 5 day 14), concussion day 2 (CON 2; n = 9), concussion day 7 (CON 7; n = 10), concussion day 14 (CON 14; n = 10). The data collection contains the aforementioned MRI data in compressed NIFTI format, data sheets on animal’s backgrounds and behavioural outcomes and is made publicly available from a data repository. The available data are intended to facility cross-study comparisons, meta-analysis, and science reproducibility.

CMR—basic principles

2021 ◽  
pp. 67-78
Author(s):  
Jan Bogaert ◽  
Rolf Symons ◽  
Jeremy Wright
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Tissue Characterization ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Pulse Sequences ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Cardiac Evaluation ◽  
One Stop ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Single Modality

Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) has rapidly evolved to become the modality of choice in the evaluation of a wide spectrum of cardiovascular disorders. This is mostly related to its multiparametric approach where the different features such as morphology (including deep tissue characterization), function, perfusion can be non-invasively studied using a series of (different) pulse sequences. Therefore, CMR may provide a ‘one stop shop’ approach to cardiac patients offering a complete cardiac evaluation by a single modality without the use of ionizing radiation. However, to maximize its clinical use, not all pulse sequences should be used in every patient. Moreover, minimizing time spent in the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) machine is desirable in critically ill, unstable patients. Therefore, experienced cardiac imagers from radiology and cardiology should be present to provide on-site real-time assessment of the images and to determine which pulse sequences are necessary each patient. In this fashion, a complete CMR exam should be obtainable in less than 30 minutes for the vast majority of patients. The aim of this chapter is to describe the physics and practical aspects of CMR and then explore the available pulse sequences, so that the clinical utility of CMR can be maximized.

Fetal Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) in Holoprosencephaly and Associations With Clinical Outcome: Implications for Fetal Counseling

2020 ◽  
pp. 088307382097229
Author(s):  
Artur Riddle ◽  
Usha Nagaraj ◽  
Robert J. Hopkin ◽  
Beth Kline-Fath ◽  
Charu Venkatesan
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Fetal Mri ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Fetal Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Care Services ◽  
Antenatal Ultrasonography ◽  
Palliative Care Services ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri

Holoprosencephaly is the most common malformation of forebrain development and includes a wide spectrum of severity. The objective of this retrospective study was to evaluate fetal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) associations with outcome. Of the 63 cases identified on antenatal ultrasonography, 28 cases were confirmed on fetal MRI. There were 17 live births; 9 patients died within the first month of life. There were 7 survivors. The vast majority were nonambulatory and required feeding support; none required respiratory support. We found that presence and number of non–holoprosencephaly-associated malformations was also associated with survival. Of 5 patients with 3 or more systemic anomalies, 4 died regardless of holoprosencephaly subtype and 1 was lost to follow-up. Patients with suspected holoprosencephaly on ultrasonography should have full body fetal MRI and echocardiogram to better evaluate systemic anomalies. Counseling should involve pediatric palliative care services to prepare families in caring for babies with limited life span.

Functional network connectivity abnormalities in multiple sclerosis: Correlations with disability and cognitive impairment

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 459-471 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria A Rocca ◽  
Paola Valsasina ◽  
Victoria M Leavitt ◽  
Mariaemma Rodegher ◽  
Marta Radaelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Network Connectivity ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
T2 Lesions ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri

Objective: To investigate resting state (RS) functional connectivity (FC) abnormalities within the principal brain networks in a large cohort of multiple sclerosis (MS) patients, to define the trajectory of FC changes over disease stages and their relation with clinical and structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) measures. Methods: RS functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), clinical, and neuropsychological evaluation were obtained from 215 MS patients and 98 healthy controls. Connectivity abnormalities and correlations with clinical/neuropsychological/imaging measures were evaluated. We analyzed seed-voxel FC with seven major hubs, producing one visual/sensory, one motor, two cognitive, one cerebellar, and two subcortical networks. Results: MS patients showed reduced network average RS FC versus controls in the default-mode network. At regional level, a complex pattern of decreased and increased RS FC was found. Reduced RS FC mainly involved sensorimotor, cognitive, thalamic, and cerebellar networks, whereas increased RS FC involved visual/sensory and subcortical networks. Reduced RS FC correlated with T2 lesions. Reduced thalamic RS FC correlated with better neuropsychological performance, whereas for all remaining networks reduced FC correlated with more severe clinical/cognitive impairment. Conclusion: Increased and decreased RS FC occurs in MS and contributes to a wide spectrum of clinical manifestations. RS FC reduction is related to T2 lesions. Such a paradigm is inverted for the thalamic network.

scholarly journals Sublingual epidermoid cyst presenting with distinctive magnetic resonance imaging findings

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Naohiro Yoshida ◽  
Kozue Kodama ◽  
Yukiko Iino
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Epidermoid Cyst ◽  
Preoperative Diagnosis ◽  
Preoperative Evaluation ◽  
Needle Aspiration ◽  
Cystic Tumor ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Mri Findings ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri

A case of sublingual epidermoid cyst presenting distinctive magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings is described. A 39-year-old man presented to our hospital with a three months progressive left submandibular swelling, difficulty moving his tongue, and snoring. Preoperative evaluation with MRI and fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) revealed that the heterogeneous cystic lesion contained the squamous cells, which is compatible with ectodermal tissue. The mass was located above the mylohyoid muscle and spread to the pharyngeal space. By considering the size, infection history, patient age, and location, the cyst was completely resected under general anesthesia via cervical approach without any complication. Histopathologically, the cyst wall was lined by stratified squamous epithelium with no skin appendage, suggesting an epidermoid cyst. Ultrasound (US), MRI and FNAC were very useful of the preoperative diagnosis for oral and sublingual lesion. The postoperative course was uneventful and without recurrence after 24 months. This case showed that epidermoid cysts formed the rarely heterogeneous cystic tumor and it underlined usefulness of preoperative diagnosis, such as US, MRI and FNAC for oral and sublingual tumor.

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