TNT, RDX, and HMX Decrease Earthworm ( Eisenia andrei ) Life-Cycle Responses in a Spiked Natural Forest Soil

2002 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 379-388 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Y. Robidoux ◽  
J. Hawari ◽  
G. Bardai ◽  
L. Paquet ◽  
G. Ampleman ◽  
...  
2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Ricksy Prematuri ◽  
Maman Turjaman ◽  
Takumi Sato ◽  
Keitaro Tawaraya

Opencast nickel mining is common in natural forests of Indonesia. However, rehabilitation of postmining degraded land is difficult. We investigated the effect of opencast nickel mining on soil chemical properties and the growth of two fast-growing tropical tree species, Falcataria moluccana and Albizia saman. Soil was collected from post-nickel mining land and a nearby natural forest. Soil pH, available phosphorus (P) concentration, total carbon (TC) and total nitrogen (TN) concentration, C/N ratio, cation exchange capacity (CEC), and exchangeable K, Na, Mg, Ca, Fe, and Ni concentrations were determined. Falcataria moluccana and A. saman were then grown in the collected soils for 15 weeks in a greenhouse. Shoot height and shoot and root dry weights of the seedlings were measured. The post--nickel mining soils TN, TC, available P, CEC, and exchangeable Ca and Na concentrations decreased by 98%, 93%, 11%, 62%, 85%, and 74%, respectively, in comparison with the natural forest soils. The pH of postmining soil was higher than natural forest soil. Shoot dry weight of F. moluccana seedlings grown in postmining soil was significantly ( P < 0.05 ) lower than that of seedlings grown in natural forest soil. However, there was no difference in shoot dry weight between A. saman seedlings grown in natural forest soil and postmining soil, as well as root dry weights of both species. The results indicate that opencast nickel mining decreased soil fertility, which subsequently inhibited the growth of F. moluccana and A. saman seedlings.


Author(s):  
Geoffrey M Williams ◽  
Matthew Ginzel

Thousand cankers disease (TCD) is hypothesized to have a greater impact on eastern black walnut (Juglans nigra) in urban forests and plantations compared to natural forest stands. Along with other factors, such as resource availability, the phytobiome could partly account for observed differences in disease severity across management regimes. We investigated the extent to which J. nigra-associated soil microbiomes from plantations and natural forests modulate a) the amount of necrosis caused by Geosmithia morbida Kolařík, Freeland, Utley and Tisserat in one-year-old seedlings, and b) relative abundance of rhizosphere endophytes and opportunistic pathogens Fusarium and Rhizoctonia in response to aboveground inoculation with G. morbida. Our results suggest that the microbiome from natural forest soil in central Indiana suppresses Fusarium and is indirectly suppressive of G. morbida. Natural forest soil had a greater ability to reduce the size of necrotic area caused by G. morbida compared to steam-treated soil. Inoculating stems of seedlings with G. morbida induced a shift in fungal community composition in the rhizosphere, including Fusarium and Rhizoctonia, but the direction and magnitude of the shift depended on whether seedlings were amended with forest, plantation, or steam-treated soil. In a companion experiment, necrotic area in G. morbida-inoculated seedlings was twice as high in seedlings grown from seeds that were treated with Fusarium solani relative to those grown from seeds treated with water. Our findings support the hypothesis that TCD severity can be modulated by host-mediated feedback between above- and belowground pathogens, as well as by microbial interactions in the rhizosphere.


Geoderma ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 124 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 363-374 ◽  
Author(s):  
Péter Sipos ◽  
Tibor Németh ◽  
Ilona Mohai ◽  
István Dódony

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 531-536
Author(s):  
Barnabas Kovacs ◽  
Zsolt Kotroczó ◽  
László Kocsis ◽  
Borbála Biró
Keyword(s):  

Author(s):  
А.П. Смирнов ◽  
А.А. Смирнов ◽  
Б.А. Монгуш

Цель исследования – выявить влияние эффективного плодородия лесных почв на продуктивность чистых по составу ельников и сосняков, а также на ус- пешность последующего естественного лесовозобновления на вырубках. Эффективное плодородие лесных почв по О.Г. Чертову – это отношение мощности гу- мусового горизонта к мощности лесной подстилки (гумусо-подстилочный коэффициент, ГПК). Продуктивность взрослых ельников Ленинградской области имеет высокую прямую корреляционную связь с ГПК (R2 = 0,884). Наивысшая продуктивность ели (бонитеты Iа и Iа,5) характеризуется коэффициентами плодо- родия, равными соответственно 2 и 2,3. Зависимость продуктивности сосняков от ГПК оказалась значительно менее тесной, чем ельников (R2 = 0,464). В сосняках с наивысшей продуктивностью (бонитеты Iа,5-Iб,5) ГПК составляет 1,7–3,5. На вы- рубках давностью 5–15 лет величина ГПК закономерно возрастает по исходным типам леса от бедных к сравнительно богатым местообитаниям. При этом изме- няются густота и состав подроста, как общего, так и подроста хвойных пород. Наибольшая общая густота подроста (20–22 тыс. экз./га), с достаточно большой долей хвойного подроста – 5–6 тыс. экз./га – характерна для почв среднего плодо- родия (ГПК = 1,2), но с некоторым переувлажнением – в типах леса черничники влажные и долгомошники. Наибольшее количество подроста хвойных пород (с преобладанием сосны в составе) – 8–13 тыс. экз./га – присуще бедным и сухим местообитаниям (вересковый и брусничный типы леса). С увеличением эффек- тивного плодородия почв происходит смена подроста сосны на подрост ели, при- чем густота подроста хвойных в целом снижается. Эта густота имеет нелинейную тесную отрицательную связь с ГПК (R2 = 0,916). Густота подроста березы от пло- дородия почвы не зависит (R2 = 0,025), тогда как густота подроста осины имеет с ним высокую положительную связь (R2 = 0,706). Разрастание подлеска с ГПК слабо связано, но в большинстве случаев подлесок снижает густоту подроста хвойных пород и, в частности, подроста сосны. Разрастание трав, особенно зла- ков, характерно для богатых почв, и также оказывает существенное отрицатель- ное влияние на густоту хвойного подроста. Таким образом, почвы, обладающие наибольшим эффективным плодородием, после вырубки материнского древостоя быстро заселяются конкурентами сосны и ели: травами, подлеском и лиственны- ми породами, прежде всего осиной. Следовательно, по исходному типу леса и со- ставу древостоя, определяющим эффективное плодородие почв, при отсутствии хозяйственных мер по содействию естественному возобновлению хвойных пород, можно уверенно прогнозировать успешность естественного последующего лесовосстановления всех лесообразующих пород на вырубках. The purpose of the study is to determine the impact of effective forest soil fertility on productivity of spruce and pine stands of pure the composition, as well as the success of the subsequent natural forest regeneration on the felling. Effective forest soil fertility by O.Chertov is the ratio of thickness the humus horizon and forest litter (humus-litter coefficient, HLC). Spruce productivity Leningrad region has high direct cor- relation with HLC (R2 = 0.884). The highest productivity trees (quality class IA and Ia, 5) is characterized by fertility coefficients, equal respectively 2.3 and 2. Dependence of productivity pine stands from HLC was significantly less close than spruce stands (R2 = 0.464). In stands with the highest productivity (quality class Ia, 5-Ib, 5) HLC is 1.7–3.5. On the felling where prescription 5–15 years the amount of HLC naturally in- creases the original forest types from the poor to the relatively rich habitats. This change the density and composition of forest regeneration, both general and regenera- tion of conifers. The highest overall density of forest regeneration (20–22 thousand copies./ha), with a fairly large portion of pine regeneration is 5–6 thousand copies./ha characteristic soil medium fertility (HLC = 1.2), but with some excessive moisture – polytrichosum and nass myrtillosum. The largest number of young conifers (pine- dominated composition) – 8–13 thousand copies./ha is inherent in the poor and arid habitats (vacciniosum and сladinosum forest types). With the increase of effective soil fertility changes of young pines on young spruce, with undergrowth density conifers declines in general. This density has a close relationship with negative nonlinear HLC (R2 = 0.916). Density undergrowth of birch from the soil fertility is not affected (R2 = 0.025), whereas the density of aspen regrowth has with him a high positive rela- tionship (R2 = 0.706). Growth of underbrush with HLC loosely connected, but in most cases the underbrush reduces density undergrowth of coniferous species and, in partic- ular, young pine. Growth of grasses, especially cereals, characteristically for the rich soil, and also has a significant negative effect on density pine regrowth. Thus, soil, possessing the highest effective fertility, after cutting down maternal stand soon devel- oped by competitors of pine and spruce: herbs, underbrush and deciduous breeds, pri- marily aspen. Consequently, the original forest stand composition and type, determin- ing effective soil fertility, in the absence of management measures on assistance to natural regeneration of coniferous breeds, we can confidently predict the success of a natural follow-up reforestation of all felling.


Chemosphere ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 55 (10) ◽  
pp. 1339-1348 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernard Lachance ◽  
Agnès Y. Renoux ◽  
Manon Sarrazin ◽  
Jalal Hawari ◽  
Geoffrey I. Sunahara
Keyword(s):  

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