scholarly journals The Impact of Nickel Mining on Soil Properties and Growth of Two Fast-Growing Tropical Trees Species

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Ricksy Prematuri ◽  
Maman Turjaman ◽  
Takumi Sato ◽  
Keitaro Tawaraya
Keyword(s):  
Forest Soil ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Natural Forest ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Shoot Height ◽  
Fast Growing ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Nickel Mining ◽  
The Impact

Opencast nickel mining is common in natural forests of Indonesia. However, rehabilitation of postmining degraded land is difficult. We investigated the effect of opencast nickel mining on soil chemical properties and the growth of two fast-growing tropical tree species, Falcataria moluccana and Albizia saman. Soil was collected from post-nickel mining land and a nearby natural forest. Soil pH, available phosphorus (P) concentration, total carbon (TC) and total nitrogen (TN) concentration, C/N ratio, cation exchange capacity (CEC), and exchangeable K, Na, Mg, Ca, Fe, and Ni concentrations were determined. Falcataria moluccana and A. saman were then grown in the collected soils for 15 weeks in a greenhouse. Shoot height and shoot and root dry weights of the seedlings were measured. The post--nickel mining soils TN, TC, available P, CEC, and exchangeable Ca and Na concentrations decreased by 98%, 93%, 11%, 62%, 85%, and 74%, respectively, in comparison with the natural forest soils. The pH of postmining soil was higher than natural forest soil. Shoot dry weight of F. moluccana seedlings grown in postmining soil was significantly ( P < 0.05 ) lower than that of seedlings grown in natural forest soil. However, there was no difference in shoot dry weight between A. saman seedlings grown in natural forest soil and postmining soil, as well as root dry weights of both species. The results indicate that opencast nickel mining decreased soil fertility, which subsequently inhibited the growth of F. moluccana and A. saman seedlings.

scholarly journals AVOCADO SEEDLINGS MULTIPLE STEMS PRODUCTION

2016 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
MARCUS VINICIUS SANDOVAL PAIXÃO ◽  
JOSÉ CARLOS LOPES ◽  
EDILSON ROMAIS SCHMILDT ◽  
RODRIGO SOBREIRA ALEXANDRE ◽  
CAROLINE MERLO MENEGHELLI
Keyword(s):  
Root Length ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Adventitious Rooting ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Stem Diameter ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Shoot Height ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Federal Institute ◽  
Multiple Stems

ABSTRACT This study aimed to evaluate the potential of multi-stems in avocado seeds according to their mass as well as the adventitious rooting of multi-stem budding with or without the use of auxin. The research was carried out at the Vegetation House of Federal Institute of Espírito Santo, Campus Santa Teresa -ES, with seeds of different masses: <60 g, 61 to 80 g, 81 to 100 g and >100 g, in which each experimental unit was made of five seeds, distributed within five repetitions, under a completely randomized design. The seeds were put to germinate and the percentage number of emergence and multiple stems were evaluated. After 150 days, the following evaluations were carried out: survival of rooted cuttings; number of leaves; stem diameter; root length; root volume; root and shoot fresh mass; root and shoot dry mass; shoot height; absolute growth and shoot growth rate; shoot dry weight/root dry mass ratio; shoot height/stem diameter ratio; shoot height/root length and Dickson's quality index ratio. Avocado seeds with mass over 100 g and between 81-100 g presented higher percentage of multiple stems. Rods over 20 cm that were not treated with IBA (indole-3-butyric acid) resulted on avocado plants of better quality. The use of IBA (2000 mg L-1) does not affect the rooting and growth of avocado's multi-stem plants.

scholarly journals Reproducibility of suppression of Pythium wilt of cucumber by compost

2014 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 236-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mauritz Vilhelm Vestberg ◽  
Sanna Kukkonen ◽  
Päivi Parikka ◽  
Dan Yu ◽  
Martin Romantschuk
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Shoot Height ◽  
Bacterial Diseases ◽  
Sphagnum Peat ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Suppressive Capacity ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Set Up

There is increasing global interest in using compost to suppress soil-borne fungal and bacterial diseases and nematodes. We studied the reproducibility of compost suppressive capacity (SC) against Pythium wilt of cucumber using nine composts produced by the same composting plant in 2008 and 2009. A bioassay was set up in a greenhouse using cucumber inoculated with two strains of Pythium. The composts were used as 20% mixtures (v:v) of a basic steam-sterilized light Sphagnum peat and sand (3:1, v:v). Shoot height was measured weekly during the 5-week experiment. At harvest, the SC was calculated as the % difference in shoot dry weight (DW) between non-inoculated and inoculated cucumbers. The SC was not affected by year of production (2008 or 2009), indicating reproducibility of SC when the raw materials and the composting method are not changed. Differences in shoot height were not as pronounced as those for shoot DW. The results were encouraging, but further studies are still needed for producing compost with guaranteed suppressiveness properties.

scholarly journals Emergence and Shoot Growth of Cosmos and Marigold from Paclobutrazol-treated Seed

2001 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wallace G. Pill ◽  
James A. Gunter
Keyword(s):  
Growth Medium ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Tagetes Patula ◽  
Shoot Height ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Grade 5 ◽  
Treated Seed ◽  
Emergence Percentage ◽  
And Control

Abstract This study was conducted to determine whether treating seeds of ‘Sensation Mixed’ cosmos (Cosmos bipinnatus Cav.) and ‘Bonanza Gold’ marigold (Tagetes patula L.) with paclobutrazol (PB) could suppress seedling growth. Seeds were soaked in solutions of 0, 500 or 1000 mg PB/liter (ppm PB) for 16 hours at 25C (77F) or they were primed [−0.5 MPa (−5 bars) for 7 days at 20C (68F)] in Grade 5 exfoliated vermiculite moistened with 0, 500 or 1000 ppm PB solltuions. Soaked and primed seeds were dried for 1 day at 19C (65F) and 25% relative humidity. These seeds and control (non-treated) seeds were sown into plug cells containing peat-lite. Increasing PB concentration decreased cosmos shoot height at 32 days after planting (DAP), but decreased emergence percentage, responses that were more pronounced with priming than with soaking. A 1 ppm PB growth medium drench [30 ml/cell(0.2 mg PB/cell)] and, to a greater extent a 10 mg PB/liter (ppm PB) shoot spray [2 ml/shoot (0.02 mg PB/shoot)], both applied at 10 DAP, resulted in greater cosmos shoot height suppression at 32 DAP than treatment of seeds with 1000 ppm PB. Soaking marigold seeds in 1000 ppm PB failed to decrease shoot height below those of plants from non-treated seeds at 32 DAP. However, exposure to 1000 ppm PB during priming of marigold seeds resulted in a similar shoot height suppression (13%) as the growth medium drench, and similar shoot dry weight reduction (21%) as the shoot spray. Suppression of shoot growth by this seed treatment was short-term since by five weeks after transplanting into 15 cm (6 in) pots, only marigold plants that had received the growth medium drench or shoot spray were smaller than those of control plants. Treating marigold seeds with 1000 mg ppm PB used about one-fifth the PB used to drench the growth medium.

Effect of Herbicides on Germination and Growth of Four Grass Weeds

Weed Science ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 489-493 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank L. Young ◽  
David R. Gealy ◽  
Larry A. Morrow
Keyword(s):  
Bromus Tectorum ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Shoot Elongation ◽  
Downy Brome ◽  
Aegilops Cylindrica ◽  
Shoot Height ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Jointed Goatgrass ◽  
Germination And Growth

In the greenhouse, glyphosate [N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine] at 0.6 kg ae/ha applied directly to seeds alone or seeds on the soil surface reduced germination and shoot dry weight of common rye (Secale cerealeL. ♯3SECCE). Paraquat (1,1′-dimethyl-4,4′-bipyridinium ion) applied similarly at 0.6 kg ai/ha reduced germination and shoot dry weight of downy brome (Bromus tectorumL. ♯ BROTE) and wheat (Triticum aestivumL. ‘Daws' ♯ TRZAX). Metribuzin [4-amino-6-tert-butyl-3-(methylthio)-as-triazin-5 (4H)-one] at 0.6 kg ai/ha applied to seeds, soil, or seeds and soil had very little effect on germination, but significantly reduced shoot dry weight of common rye, downy brome, wheat, and jointed goatgrass (Aegilops cylindricaHost. ♯ AEGCY). Pronamide [3,5-dichloro(N-1,1-dimethyl-2-propynyl)benzamide] at 0.6 kg ai/ha, and propham (isopropyl carbanilate) at 3.4 kg ai/ha plus extender (p-chlorophenyl-N-methylcarbamate) at 0.4 kg ai/ha substantially reduced shoot height and dry weight of all species, regardless of application method, with pronamide completely inhibiting shoot elongation and dry-weight production in three of the four species.

scholarly journals Effects of Potassium Availability on Growth and Development of Barley Cultivars

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 2269
Author(s):  
Widad Al Azzawi ◽  
Muhammad Bilal Gill ◽  
Foad Fatehi ◽  
Meixue Zhou ◽  
Tina Acuña ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Major Effect ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Grain Number ◽  
Barley Cultivars ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Spike Number ◽  
Potassium Supply ◽  
The Impact

Potassium deficiency is one of the major issues affecting crop production around the globe. Giving the high cost of potassium fertilizers and environmental concerns related to inappropriate fertilization practices, developing more potassium use efficient (KUE) varieties is critical for sustainable food production in agricultural systems. In this study, we analysed the impact of potassium availability on agronomical attributes of thirty barley genotypes grown at four different levels of potassium (0.002 mM, 0.02 mM, 2 mM, 20 mM) under glasshouse conditions. The results showed that the availability of potassium in the soil had a major effect on yield components i.e., spike number, grain number and grain weight. Furthermore, grain weight showed a strong correlation with grain number and spike number at all levels of potassium supply. Although an increase in potassium supply led to an increase in plant height in all genotypes, the correlation with grain weight was very weak at all levels. Potassium supplementation caused an increase in shoot dry weight, which also showed a weak correlation with grain weight at the 0.002 mM potassium supply level. The genotypes Gebeina, Skiff, YF374, Flagship and YF374 were highly efficient in performing at suboptimal K supply levels and, thus, can be recommended to be grown in K-impoverished soils. We also suggest that grain and spike numbers could be used as proxies for KUE studies, to construct DH lines and identify QTL to improve low potassium tolerance and KUE in barley.

scholarly journals Response of Sophora secundiflora to Nitrogen Form and Rate

HortScience ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 46 (9) ◽  
pp. 1303-1307 ◽  
Author(s):  
Genhua Niu ◽  
Denise Rodriguez ◽  
Mengmeng Gu
Keyword(s):  
Dry Weight ◽  
Nitrogen Form ◽  
Shoot Height ◽  
Root Dry Weight ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Shoot Ratio ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Root To Shoot Ratio ◽  
Total Dry Weight ◽  
Mountain Laurel

Texas mountain laurel (Sophora secundiflora) is a native shrub tolerating drought, heat, windy conditions, and alkaline or wet soils. However, its availability is somewhat low and little information is available on nutrient requirement and other culture information. Two greenhouse experiments were conducted to quantify the responses of Texas mountain laurel to different forms and rates of nitrogen (N) fertilizer. In Expt. 1, 1-year old seedlings were treated for 194 days with three NO3:NH4 ratios at 25:75, 50:50, and 75:25 and two rates of N at 100 and 200 mg·L−1 in a factorial design. There was no interaction between the N rate and form on any growth parameters. Nitrogen form did not significantly affect shoot dry weight, root dry weight, root–to-shoot ratio, or the total dry weight. There was no significant difference between N rate of 100 and 200 mg·L−1 on root dry weight, root-to-shoot ratio, or the total dry weight. The shoot dry weight of Texas mountain laurel fertilized with 100 mg·L−1 was higher compared with that of the plants fertilized at 200 mg·L−1. The reduced shoot dry weight at N of 200 mg·L−1 was the result of the higher substrate salinity. In Expt. 2, seedlings were fertilized with five N rates (50, 100, 150, 200, and 250 mg·L−1) for 203 days. Plants watered with 150, 200, and 250 mg·L−1 were taller than those fertilized with 50 mg·L−1. The shoot height of plants watered with 100 mg·L−1 was only significantly different from 50 mg·L−1. For rapid growth of Texas mountain laurel, a N rate range of ≈150 mg·L−1 was recommended supplied with a combination of NO3-N and NH4-N in the ratios of 0.3 to 3.0.

scholarly journals Effects of Some Growth Retardants on Shoot and Root Growth of Two Cool-season Turfgrasses

HortScience ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 895E-895 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fahed A. Al-Mana ◽  
Hesham H. Abdel-Kader ◽  
Ritchard J. Bisarove
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Major Effect ◽  
Cool Season ◽  
Shoot Height ◽  
Red Fescue ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Turf Quality ◽  
Shoot And Root Growth

Effects of mefluidide, paclobutrazol, and their mixture on shoot and root growth of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L. `Wendy') and creeping red fescue (Festuca rubra L. `Dawson') were studied under container culture. Mefluidide applied alone or in combination with paclobutrazol caused significant reduction in shoot and root growth of perennial ryegrass and red fescue. These treatments also enhanced turf green color of both species and increased their root–shoot percentage, with no major effect on turf quality. Paclobutrazol applied alone reduced shoot height of perennial ryegrass and red fescue by 10% and 32%, respectively, and caused little reduction in their shoot weights, with no effect on turf quality and color. Although paclobutrazol applied alone reduced the root length and percentage of root–shoot dry weight of perennial ryegrass, it did not affect red fescue.

scholarly journals Influence of nitrogen form on growth of invasive species Acer negundo L. and Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) swingle

2012 ◽  
pp. 61-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matilda Djukic ◽  
Danijela Djunisijevic-Bojovic ◽  
Mihailo Grbic ◽  
Dragana Skocajic ◽  
Dragica Obratov-Petkovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Species ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Nitrogen Nutrition ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Ailanthus Altissima ◽  
Acer Negundo ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Aerial Parts ◽  
The Impact

Relative amounts of nutrients, especially nitrogen, the most abundant macro-element, and also the distribution of ammonium ions in relation to nitrate ions, in the soils of different ecosystems, are determined by many factors. The most important are: temperature, pH of substrate, accumulation of organic matter, presence of allelopathic compounds, degree of oxygenation, etc. The ability of plants to adapt to these variations influences their production of bio-mass, the rate of expansion in different habitats, and the impact on ecosystem and biodiversity. This paper analyzes the impact of different forms of nitrogen (NO3 - and NH4 +) on the growth of seedlings of invasive species Acer negundo L. and Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle. The results show that nitrogen nutrition only in the form of NH4 + ions significantly affects the reduction in shoot dry weight. Compared to the nutrition with both forms of nitrogen together, aerial parts of Ailanthus altissima were reduced by 62.5%, and leaf area by 66.7%, while Acer negundo seedlings had reduction in dry mass of aboveground part by 89.5%, root by 81.2% and leaf area by 85.8%. Nutrition with nitrate form of nitrogen led to a proportionally small, but statistically significant decrease in dry mass of aboveground parts and roots as well as leaf area of Acer negundo, while in Ailanthus altissima seedlings, it was only the mass reduction of aboveground parts that was significantly influenced, so it can be assumed that this species is more resistant to the lack of both forms of nitrogen. The fact that both species produced significantly more biomass when nitrogen was present in both forms may be important in controlling the spread of alien species, or in their potential use in phytoremediation.

scholarly journals Controlled-Release Fertiliser and Substrates on Seedling Growth and Quality in Agonandra brasiliensis in Roraima

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aline das Graças Souza ◽  
Oscar José Smiderle ◽  
Raiovane Araújo Montenegro ◽  
Thiago Komuro Moriyama ◽  
Thiago Jardelino Dias
Keyword(s):  
Controlled Release ◽  
High Standard ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Organic Substrate ◽  
Shoot Height ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Slow Development ◽  
Collar Diameter ◽  
Total Dry Weight

The aim of this study was to verify the effect of different substrates, in the presence and absence of controlled-release fertiliser, on the growth and morphological quality of seedlings of Agonandra brasiliensis Miers ex Benth. & Hook.f., in the state of Roraima, Brazil. The experimental design was a 2 * 5 factorial scheme, with and without the addition of 1.0 g L-1 NPK 18-05-09 formulation controlled-release encapsulated fertiliser (Forth CoteR) and five substrates. The following were evaluated: shoot height (H), collar diameter (CD), increase in shoot length (IncH) and collar diameter (IncCD), shoot dry weight (SDW), root dry weight (RDW), total dry weight (TDW) and Dickson quality index (DQI). The use of NPK 18-05-09 formulation controlled-release fertiliser (Forth CoteR) in a medium-sand substrate is recommended for obtaining plants of Agonandra brasiliensis of greater robustness, balance of biomass distribution, and a high standard of quality. In the substrate composed of soil from the cerrado + carbonised rice husks - CRH + organic substrate (2:1:1), the addition of NPK 18-05-09 formulation Forth CoteR is not necessary to obtain Agonandra brasiliensis plants of good morphological quality. Substrate 3, composed of soil + CRH (3:1), with or without the addition of NPK 18-05-09 formulation Forth CoteR, is not recommended for producing plants of Agonandra brasiliensis, due to the slow development and reduced morphological quality of the plants.

scholarly journals Grafting onto an Appropriate Rootstock Reduces the Impact on Yield and Quality of Controlled Deficit Irrigated Pepper Crops

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1529
Author(s):  
Ramón Gisbert-Mullor ◽  
Nuria Pascual-Seva ◽  
María Amparo Martínez-Gimeno ◽  
Lidia López-Serrano ◽  
Eduardo Badal Marín ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Sweet Pepper ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Volumetric Soil Water Content ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Irrigation Water Use ◽  
Water Potential Measurements ◽  
The Impact

In this study, hybrid pepper rootstock NIBER® is tested for its ability to overcome water stress situations under soil conditions. The impact of deficit irrigation (DI) on yield and fruit quality, irrigation water use efficiency is evaluated, and consequently, the agronomic impact of employing water-stress tolerant rootstock is compared to ungrafted pepper plants. For this purpose, plants of the California-type sweet pepper ‘Maestral F1’ grafted onto NIBER® underwent a sustained DI regime during seasons 2018 and 2019 and were compared to their respective controls. Plants were drip-fertirrigated, and volumetric soil water content was continuously monitored by capacitance sensors. Gas exchange and leaf water potential measurements were taken early in the morning and midday 58, 79, and 114 days after transplanting. Plant and fruit dry biomass, marketable quality, blossom-end rot incidence and harvest index were also determined. For consecutive years, our results confirmed that grafting a pepper cultivar onto an appropriate rootstock (NIBER® in this case) as part of a DI strategy can overcome the negative effects of sustained water stress conditions. The plant biomass production and fruit yields of grafted plants were less affected by DI due to less sensitivity to water stress. This can be attributed to a less marked reduction in shoot dry weight in the grafted plants, which allowed greater whole photosynthesis by maintaining sink activity compared to ungrafted plants.

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