Habitats matter: the incidence of and response to fear screams in a habitat generalist, the vinous-throated parrotbill Paradoxornis webbianus

2015 ◽  
Vol 69 (10) ◽  
pp. 1575-1584 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jin-Won Lee ◽  
Jeong-Yeon Lee ◽  
Hee-Jin Noh ◽  
Myun-Sik Kim ◽  
Kyoung-Hoe Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Habitat Generalist ◽  
Paradoxornis Webbianus

scholarly journals ASSESSMENT OF POPULATION CHARACTERISTICS AND HABITAT USE OF Podocnemis vogli (MÜLLER 1935) DURING A REPRODUCTIVE SEASON AT THE BOJONAWI PRIVATE NATURE RESERVE (VICHADA DEPARTMENT, COLOMBIA)

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 83
Author(s):  
Ana María Sepúlveda-Seguro ◽  
Vivian Patricia Páez ◽  
Marley Tatiana Gómez-Rincón ◽  
Mónica A. Morales-Betancourt ◽  
Carlos A. Lasso
Keyword(s):  
Habitat Use ◽  
Nature Reserve ◽  
Tail Length ◽  
Reproductive Season ◽  
Population Characteristics ◽  
Reproductive Phenology ◽  
Sampling Effort ◽  
Specific Class ◽  
Sexual Characteristics ◽  
Habitat Generalist

We conducted a short study in the Bojonawi Private Nature Reserve (Vichada department, Colombia) in three types of aquatic macrohabitats to characterize habitat use, population structure and reproductive phenology of Podocnemis vogli during one reproductive season. We also reevaluated the degree of sexual dimorphism in this species. To maximize capture rates, we used three methods: funnel traps, trammel nets, and manual capture. Only the funnel traps could be used in a standardized manner in all three macrohabitats. We captured 149 individuals in all age/size classes and obtained 11 recaptures. Since we were able to standardize sampling effort with the funnel traps in all macrohabitats, we compared habitat use and class structure among habitats during this reproductive season. There were no significant differences among the three macrohabitats in terms of relative abundances or size class distributions, but sex ratios differed, with an excess of males in the river and females in the lagoon. As with other congeners, P. vogli is a sexually dimorphic species where females attain larger sizes. In this study we documented that pre-cloacal tail length and nail length on the anterior third toe are the most useful secondary sexual characteristics for sexing subadult and adult individuals. Some females larger than 22 cm straight-line carapace length had calcified eggs in their oviducts. This species is abundant within the reserve and appears to be a habitat generalist, including the use of large rivers. More extensive and intensive monitoring is needed to document specific class survivorship rates, detectabilities and population dynamics.

scholarly journals Multi-locus phylogeny and taxonomic revision of Uperoleia toadlets (Anura: Myobatrachidae) from the western arid zone of Australia, with a description of a new species

Zootaxa ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 2902 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
RENEE A. CATULLO ◽  
PAUL DOUGHTY ◽  
J. DALE ROBERTS ◽  
J. SCOTT KEOGH
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Arid Zone ◽  
Taxonomic Revision ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Call Structure ◽  
Detailed Assessment ◽  
Northern Edge ◽  
Habitat Generalist ◽  
A New Species ◽  
Distributional Limits

We generated a multi-locus phylogeny to test monophyly and distributional limits in Australian toadlets of the genus Uperoleia from the western arid zone of Australia. The molecular data were used in combination with a detailed assessment of morphological variation and some data on call structure to complete a taxonomic revision of the species that occur in this region. Our work reveals the existence of not two but five species in the region. Uperoleia russelli is restricted to the Carnarvon and Gascoyne Regions south of the Pilbara. Uperoleia micromeles is distributed from the Tanami Desert through the Great Sandy Desert and along the northern edge of the Pilbara. Uperoleia talpa was previously believed to be a Fitzroyland region endemic but it is further distributed along Dampierland and into the Roebourne Plain. Uperoleia glandulosa is a larger species than previously described as well as a greater habitat generalist, inhabiting the rocky Pilbara region and the sandy region around Port Hedland. We also describe a new species, U. saxatilis sp. nov., endemic to the Pilbara craton.

Epiphyte Flora and Diversity on Basal Trunks of Six Old-Growth Forest Tree Species in Southern and Middle Boreal Finland

1996 ◽  
Vol 28 (5) ◽  
pp. 443-463 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mikko Kuusinen
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Boreal Forests ◽  
Forest Tree ◽  
Old Growth ◽  
Epiphytic Lichen ◽  
Generalist Species ◽  
Salix Caprea ◽  
Forest Tree Species ◽  
Old Growth Forest ◽  
Habitat Generalist

AbstractEpiphytic lichen and bryophyte species composition, richness and diversity were surveyed on basal trunks of six common old-growth forest tree species, Picea abies, Pinus sylvestris, Betula pendula, Alnus incana, Salix caprea and Populus tremula, in two old-growth forest areas, one in southern and one in middle boreal Finland. The average species numbers per tree ranged from 18 (Picea) to 27 (Salix) in the southern and from 20 (Populus) to 31 (Salix) in the middle boreal area. A few widespread habitat-generalist species, such as the foliose lichens Hypogymnia physodes and Platismatia glauca, were most abundant on all the tree species, except Populus. Most other epiphyte species showed at least a slight preference for one or two tree species. Populus proved to have the most distinct flora characterized by the abundance of certain, rather specialized crustose lichens and bryophytes. The number of species that occurred on only one tree species was highest on Populus (9) in the southern and on Alnus (18) in the middle boreal area. Differences in bark acidity and structure were the most likely explanations for the differences between tree species in the epiphytic flora and diversity. Salix and Populus were the most important of the tree species studied for the conservation of epiphyte diversity in the boreal forests of Finland.

scholarly journals Survival and habitat use of sympatric lagomorphs in bottomland hardwood forests

2018 ◽  
Vol 96 (7) ◽  
pp. 713-722 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.C. Crawford ◽  
C.K. Nielsen ◽  
E.M. Schauber
Keyword(s):  
Habitat Use ◽  
Forest Cover ◽  
Land Use Changes ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Bottomland Hardwood ◽  
Sylvilagus Floridanus ◽  
Specialist Species ◽  
Habitat Generalist

Lagomorphs are important consumers and prey in ecosystems worldwide, but have declined due to land use changes and habitat loss, and such losses may be exacerbated for specialist species. We compared survival and habitat use of two closely related lagomorphs, the swamp rabbit (Sylvilagus aquaticus (Bachman, 1837)), a bottomland hardwood (BLH) forest specialist, and the eastern cottontail (Sylvilagus floridanus (J. A. Allen, 1890)), a habitat generalist. We tested whether survival and habitat use differed between radio-collared swamp rabbits (n = 129) and eastern cottontails (n = 72) monitored during December 2009 – December 2013 in southern Illinois. We found interactive effects of species and season on survival rates: swamp rabbits had higher annual survival (0.37 ± 0.05 (estimate ± SE)) than did cottontails (0.20 ± 0.05), but this difference occurred primarily during the growing season. Swamp rabbits were located closer to watercourses in areas characterized by higher basal area and more mature BLH forest cover compared with eastern cottontails. Our results suggest that BLH forests may be marginal habitat for cottontails and indicate predation as the primary cause of mortality for both species. Swamp rabbits use of early-successional BLH forest suggests that restoration efforts have been successful. However, as specialists, swamp rabbits remain restricted to a narrow band of bottomlands near watercourses and may benefit from improved upland cover that serves as refugia from flooding.

A comparison of small mammal communities in two High-Andean Polylepis woodlands in Ecuador

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Reed Ojala-Barbour ◽  
Jorge Brito ◽  
William R. Teska
Keyword(s):  
Habitat Quality ◽  
Small Mammals ◽  
Habitat Heterogeneity ◽  
Habitat Degradation ◽  
Anthropogenic Pressures ◽  
Small Mammal Communities ◽  
Specialist Species ◽  
Habitat Generalist ◽  
High Elevations ◽  
Mammal Communities

Polylepis forest, historically widespread throughout high elevations of the central and northern Andes, now remain only in discontinuous small patches.  An expanding agricultural frontier, along with other anthropogenic pressures, imperils these remnants through further isolation and loss of habitat quality. Using two grids of live traps we compared the populations of small nonvolant mammals in an intact Polylepis woodland with one nearby that had been logged 50 years before. Our study is the first to examine the effects of habitat degradation and associated changes to vertical complexity and habitat heterogeneity on mammalian communities in Polylepis woodlands above 3500 m. The intact woodland had significantly more vertical complexity than the mid-successional woodland.  A total of 315 captures of 147 individuals of 9 species were sampled during an intensive trapping effort in 2010.  Trap success was especially high averaging 35.4 % and 28.1 % in the intact and mid-successional woodland, respectively.  Diversity and abundance of small mammals were greater in the intact woodland than the mid-successional site.  Forest specialist species were more abundant in the intact habitat; while Thomasomys paramorum, a habitat generalist, was dominant in both.  Habitat quality affected movement patterns of T. paramorum.  The results affirm a high diversity and density of small mammals in intact Polylepis woodland and indicate that the effects of habitat disturbance are species dependent.  We suggest that habitat specialists are more susceptible to loss of habitat heterogeneity and vertical complexity than habitat generalists. 

Distribution and abundance of a tropical rodent, the spiny rat, on islands in Panama

1991 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 349-360 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory H. Adler ◽  
Joshua O. Seamon
Keyword(s):  
Tropical Forests ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Demographic Structure ◽  
Forest Species ◽  
Island Size ◽  
Changing Environments ◽  
Live Trapping ◽  
Habitat Generalist ◽  
The Relationship

ABSTRACTThe insular distribution and abundance of the spiny rat (Proechimys semispinosus) were studied by live-trapping rats on 50 small forested islands in Gatun Lake, Republic of Panama. Rats were found on 29 of these islands. Rat abundance was not correlated with island size or isolation, in contrast to temperate rodents, and may be due to the highly patchy nature of tropical forests and the differing floristic compositions of the study islands. Rat occurrence on islands was related positively to island size and negatively to island isolation. All islands greater than 2.1 ha contained spiny rats, whereas most islands less than 0.9 ha did not contain rats. The relationship between occurrence, size, and isolation are illustrated by a three-dimensional response surface. Results suggest that colonization and extinction regularly occur on these islands and that (1) larger islands with year-round fruit production, regardless of isolation, will have persistent populations of rats, (2) small isolated islands will never or only very rarely have rats owing to a lack of a year-round food source and the difficulty of immigration, and (3) small near islands frequently will have rats when fruits arc present. No other species of mouse-or rat-like rodents were captured on the islands. We suggest that P. semispinosus is a better colonist than other sympatric forest species, is more of a habitat generalist, and has a more flexible demographic structure allowing persistence in heterogeneous and changing environments.

scholarly journals Disrupted learning: habitat degradation impairs crucial antipredator responses in naive prey

2016 ◽  
Vol 283 (1830) ◽  
pp. 20160441 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark I. McCormick ◽  
Oona M. Lönnstedt
Keyword(s):  
Habitat Degradation ◽  
Coral Cover ◽  
Biodiversity Loss ◽  
Alarm Cues ◽  
Chemical Alarm Cues ◽  
Pomacentrus Amboinensis ◽  
Threat Cues ◽  
Habitat Generalist ◽  
Predator Learning ◽  
First Time

Habitat degradation is a global problem and one of the main causes of biodiversity loss. Though widespread, the mechanisms that underlie faunal changes are poorly understood. In tropical marine systems, corals play a crucial role in forming habitat, but coral cover on many reefs is declining sharply. Coral degradation affects the olfactory cues that provide reliable information on the presence and intensity of threat. Here, we show for the first time that the ability of a habitat generalist to learn predators using an efficient and widespread method of predator learning is compromised in degraded coral habitats. Results indicate that chemical alarm cues are no longer indicative of a local threat for the habitat generalist (the damselfish, Pomacentrus amboinensis ), and these cues can no longer be used to learn the identity of novel predators in degraded habitats. By contrast, a rubble specialist and congeneric ( Pomacentrus coelestis ) responded to olfactory threat cues regardless of background environment and could learn the identity of a novel predator using chemical alarm cues. Understanding how some species can cope with or acclimate to the detrimental impacts of habitat degradation on risk assessment abilities will be crucial to defining the scope of resilience in threatened communities.

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