Satellite tracking of a killer whale (Orcinus orca) in the eastern Canadian Arctic documents ice avoidance and rapid, long-distance movement into the North Atlantic

Polar Biology ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 34 (7) ◽  
pp. 1091-1096 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cory J. D. Matthews ◽  
Sebastián P. Luque ◽  
Stephen D. Petersen ◽  
Russel D. Andrews ◽  
Steven H. Ferguson
Keyword(s):  
North Atlantic ◽  
Killer Whale ◽  
Canadian Arctic ◽  
Satellite Tracking ◽  
Orcinus Orca ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
The North ◽  
The North Atlantic ◽  
Long Distance Movement ◽  
Eastern Canadian Arctic

First Satellite-Tracked Long-Distance Movement of a Sei Whale (Balaenoptera borealis) in the North Atlantic

2009 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 313-318 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erik Olsen ◽  
W. Paul Budgell ◽  
Erica Head ◽  
Lars Kleivane ◽  
Leif Nøttestad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
North Atlantic ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
The North ◽  
The North Atlantic ◽  
Long Distance Movement

Edges and interactions beyond Europe

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter S. Wells ◽  
Naoise Mac Sweeney
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Iron Age ◽  
North Atlantic ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
The North ◽  
First Millennium ◽  
Temperate Europe ◽  
The North Atlantic

Iron Age Europe, once studied as a relatively closed, coherent continent, is being seen increasingly as a dynamic part of the much larger, interconnected world. Interactions, direct and indirect, with communities in Asia, Africa, and, by the end of the first millennium AD, North America, had significant effects on the peoples of Iron Age Europe. In the Near East and Egypt, and much later in the North Atlantic, the interactions can be linked directly to historically documented peoples and their rulers, while in temperate Europe the evidence is exclusively archaeological until the very end of the prehistoric Iron Age. The evidence attests to often long-distance interactions and their effects in regard to the movement of peoples, and the introduction into Europe of raw materials, crafted objects, styles, motifs, and cultural practices, as well as the ideas that accompanied them.

Preliminary findings of restriction fragment differences in mitochondrial DNA among killer whales (Orcinus orca)

1989 ◽  
Vol 67 (10) ◽  
pp. 2592-2595 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tracy A. Stevens ◽  
Deborah A. Duffield ◽  
Edward D. Asper ◽  
K. Gilbey Hewlett ◽  
Al Bolz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
North Atlantic ◽  
North Pacific ◽  
Killer Whale ◽  
Vancouver Island ◽  
Restriction Pattern ◽  
Orcinus Orca ◽  
Killer Whales ◽  
The North ◽  
The North Pacific

A preliminary assessment of mitochondrial DNA restriction patterns in the killer whale (Orcinus orca) was conducted using 10 captive North Atlantic killer whales from the southeastern coast of Iceland, a captive-born offspring of one of these whales, and 9 North Pacific killer whales. No restriction pattern variation was seen among these whales, using the enzymes BamH I, Bgl II, Hinf I, Kpn I, or Pvu II. Restriction pattern variation was found using the enzyme Hae III. This restriction endonuclease distinguished the North Atlantic killer whales (type 1) from the North Pacific killer whales. The North Pacific killer whales were further differentiated into two groups: those originating from the "resident" communities of the Vancouver Island region (type 2), and those from the "transient" community of Vancouver Island, as well as those stranded along the Oregon coast (type 3). The observed Hae III restriction pattern differences suggest that mitochondrial DNA analysis will be a valuable technique for investigating regional and local distributions of maternal lineages among killer whale pods, especially in the North Pacific.

New evidence from the western Canadian Arctic Archipelago for the resubmergence of Bering Strait

2008 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
John H. England ◽  
Mark F.A. Furze
Keyword(s):  
Arctic Ocean ◽  
North Atlantic ◽  
Canadian Arctic ◽  
Laptev Sea ◽  
Canadian Arctic Archipelago ◽  
Bering Strait ◽  
The North ◽  
Banks Island ◽  
The North Atlantic ◽  
The Laptev Sea

AbstractWidespread molluscan samples were collected from raised marine sediments to date the last retreat of the NW Laurentide Ice Sheet from the western Canadian Arctic Archipelago. At the head of Mercy Bay, northern Banks Island, deglacial mud at the modern coast contains Hiatella arctica and Portlandia arctica bivalves, as well as Cyrtodaria kurriana, previously unreported for this area. Multiple H. arctica and C. kurriana valves from this site yield a mean age of 11.5 14C ka BP (with 740 yr marine reservoir correction). The occurrence of C. kurriana, a low Arctic taxon, raises questions concerning its origin, because evidence is currently lacking for a molluscan refugium in the Arctic Ocean during the last glacial maximum. Elsewhere, the oldest late glacial age available on C. kurriana comes from the Laptev Sea where it is < 10.3 14C ka BP and attributed to a North Atlantic source. This is 2000 cal yr younger than the Mercy Bay samples reported here, making the Laptev Sea, ~ 3000 km to the west, an unlikely source. An alternate route from the North Atlantic into the Canadian Arctic Archipelago was precluded by coalescent Laurentide, Innuitian and Greenland ice east of Banks Island until ~ 10 14C ka BP. We conclude that the presence of C. kurriana on northern Banks Island records migration from the North Pacific. This requires the resubmergence of Bering Strait by 11.5 14C ka BP, extending previous age determinations on the reconnection of the Pacific and Arctic oceans by up to 1000 yr. This renewed ingress of Pacific water likely played an important role in re-establishing Arctic Ocean surface currents, including the evacuation of thick multi-year sea ice into the North Atlantic prior to the Younger Dryas geochron.

The Copepods Calanus glacial is Jaschnov and Calanus finmarchicus (Gunnerus) in Canadian Arctic-Subarctic Waters

1961 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 663-678 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. H. Grainger
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
North Atlantic ◽  
Canadian Arctic ◽  
Atlantic Water ◽  
Calanus Finmarchicus ◽  
Subarctic Region ◽  
The North ◽  
Calanus Glacialis ◽  
History Of ◽  
The North Atlantic

The literature on Calanus finmarchicus (Gunnerus) in arctic-subarctic Canada is reviewed, and the history of the 2-size-group phenomenon in the North Atlantic subarctic region is discussed. Calanus glacialis Jaschnov is briefly described, and compared with material from North America, the characters emphasized being size and the structure of the fifth legs. It is concluded that specimens from arctic and subarctic North America agree essentially with C. glacialis, those from the subarctic and north boreal regions with C. finmarchicus. Occurrence of the 2 species in northern North America is given, that of the large glacialis alone being shown to coincide closely with the known extent of unmixed polar water, of the 2 together to occupy the region of mixed polar and Atlantic water, and of the small finmarchicus alone to inhabit Atlantic water.

scholarly journals Local and remote moisture sources for extreme precipitation: a study of the two famous 1982 Western Mediterranean episodes

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Damián Insua-Costa ◽  
Gonzalo Miguez-Macho ◽  
María Carmen Llasat
Keyword(s):  
North Atlantic ◽  
Extreme Event ◽  
Wrf Model ◽  
Western Mediterranean ◽  
Central Mediterranean ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Moisture Sources ◽  
The North ◽  
Adverse Weather ◽  
The North Atlantic

Abstract. Floods and flash floods are frequent in the South of Europe resulting from heavy rainfall events that often produce more than 200 mm in less than 24 h. Even though the meteorological conditions favorable for these situations have been widely studied, there is a lingering question that still arises: which are the sources of humidity that could explain so much precipitation? To answer this question, the regional atmospheric Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model with a recently implemented moisture tagging capability has been used to analyze the main moisture sources in two famous flood events occurred during the autumn of 1982 (October and November) in the Western Mediterranean area, which is regularly affected by this type of adverse weather episodes. The procedure consists in selecting a priori potential moisture source regions for the considered extreme event, and then performing simulations with the tagging technique to quantify the relative contribution of each selected source to total precipitation. For these events we study the influence of four possible potential sources: 1) evaporation in the Western Mediterranean; 2) evaporation in the Central Mediterranean; 3) evaporation in the North Atlantic; 4) advection from the tropical and subtropical Atlantic and Africa. Results show that these four moisture sources explain most of the accumulated precipitation, with the tropical and subtropical input being the most relevant in both cases. In the October event, evaporation in the Western and Central Mediterranean and in the North Atlantic also had an important contribution. In the November episode, however, tropical and subtropical moisture accounted for more than half of the total accumulated rainfall, while evaporation in the Western Mediterranean and North Atlantic played a secondary role and the contribution of the Central Mediterranean was almost negligible. Remote sources were therefore crucial: in the October event they played a similar role to local sources while in the November case they were clearly dominant. In both episodes, long distance moisture transport from the tropics and subtropics occurred mostly in mid tropospheric layers, through well-defined moisture plumes with maximum mixing ratios at medium levels.

Nonanadromous and anadromous Atlantic salmon differ in orientation responses to magnetic displacements

2020 ◽  
Vol 77 (11) ◽  
pp. 1846-1852
Author(s):  
David Minkoff ◽  
Nathan F. Putman ◽  
Jelle Atema ◽  
William R. Ardren
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
North Atlantic ◽  
Native Range ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
The North ◽  
Marine Migration ◽  
Displacement Experiments ◽  
The North Atlantic

Many animals undertaking long-distance migrations use Earth’s magnetic field as a “map” to assess their position for orientation. This phenomenon been particularly well-studied in salmonids using “magnetic displacement” experiments, in which animals are presented with magnetic field conditions that are characteristic of other geographic locations. However, whether use of magnetic map cues differs among populations of salmon has not been investigated. Here we show that nonanadromous and anadromous populations of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) raised under the same conditions within their native range differ in their response to magnetic displacements in the North Atlantic. The directions adopted by anadromous salmon juveniles to each of the magnetic displacements would support their migration from the eastern US to western Greenland, had the fish actually been at those locations. In contrast, nonanadromous salmon did not appear to respond to the magnetic displacements. The findings are consistent with the hypothesis that the innate magnetic map of anadromous salmon is adapted to guide their marine migration.

Whole-rock Rb/Sr and zircon U/Pb ages of metamorphic rocks from northern Ellesmere Island, Canadian Arctic Archipelago. II. The Cape Columbia Complex

1976 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 774-780 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. K. Sinha ◽  
Thomas Frisch
Keyword(s):  
North Atlantic ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Canadian Arctic ◽  
Ellesmere Island ◽  
Metamorphic Rocks ◽  
Canadian Arctic Archipelago ◽  
Fold Belt ◽  
The North ◽  
The North Atlantic ◽  
North Atlantic Craton

Although not clearly separable on field and petrographic criteria, the gneisses of the Cape Columbia Complex, one of the two major crystalline terrains in the Northern Ellesmere Fold Belt, fall into two Rb/Sr age groups: nine samples define an isochron corresponding to an age of 1083 ± 18 m.y., Sr0 = 0.7057, while six samples show more scatter at 512 ± 90 m.y.,Sr0 = 0.7189. Zircons from two gneisses have 207Pb/206Pb, i.e. minimum, ages of 926 and 980 m.y. These data are interpreted as indicating that the rocks were recrystallized in the amphibolite facies about 1000 m.y. ago; little significance is attached to the younger Rb/Sr age. However, the possibility that the rocks are orthogneisses emplaced about 1000 m.y. ago and subsequently metamorphosed ~500–600 m.y. ago, cannot be excluded. In any event, the Cape Columbia Complex becomes the latest addition to the growing list of occurrences of 900–1200 m.y.-old ('Grenville-Sveco-Norwegian') rocks in the North Atlantic craton and environs.

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