Life history and population characteristics of the Antarctic starfish, Anasterias antarctica Lütken, 1856 (Asteroidea: Forcipulatida: Asteriidae) around the Falkland Islands

Polar Biology ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 463-474 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladimir Laptikhovsky ◽  
Paul Brickle ◽  
Marta Söffker ◽  
Deborah Davidson ◽  
Marie-Julie Roux ◽  
...  

Formidable legal and administrative complexities arise from conflicting claims to jurisdiction and the continued absence of generally recognized sovereignty over much of the region. Existing conservation measures fall into three groups: elaborate laws made by governments claiming Antarctic territories, more restricted laws, and simple instructions for particular expeditions. The Antarctic Treaty, 1959, made it possible to begin coordinating all these separate instruments. No claimed jurisdiction has been surrendered or recognized: each government has started to harmonize its own control measures with the ‘Agreed Measures for the Conservation of Antarctic Fauna and Flora’, 1964. This scheme applied only to land areas and has since been evolving in the light of experience. Although not yet formally approved by all the governments concerned, it is working effectively by voluntary agreement. Different approaches are necessary for conservation of Southern Ocean resources, especially krill. A start has been made with the ‘ Convention for the Conservation of Antarctic Seals’, 1972. There are many outstanding problems: all require effective cooperation between scientific and legal advisers, diplomats and politicians. Mention is made of recent British conservation legislation for South Georgia, the Falkland Islands and the Tristan da Cunha group. Some of the next steps are outlined.


Polar Biology ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 37 (8) ◽  
pp. 1213-1217 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eri Harada ◽  
Richard E. Lee ◽  
David L. Denlinger ◽  
Shin G. Goto

2010 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 339-346 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas ENGELEN ◽  
Peter CONVEY ◽  
Sieglinde OTT

AbstractCoal Nunatak is an ice-free inland nunatak located on southern Alexander Island, adjacent to the west coast of the Antarctic Peninsula. Situated close to the Antarctic continent, it is characterized by harsh environmental conditions. Macroscopic colonization is restricted to micro-niches offering suitable conditions for a small number of lichens and mosses. The extreme environmental conditions place particular pressures on colonizers. Lepraria borealis is the dominant crustose lichen species present on Coal Nunatak, and shows distinctive features in its life history strategy, in particular expressing unusually low selectivity of the mycobiont towards potential photobionts. To assess selectivity, we measured algal DNA sequence polymorphism in a region of 480–660 bp of the nuclear internal transcribed spacer region of ribosomal DNA. We identified three different photobiont species, belonging to two different genera. We interpret this strategy as being advantageous in facilitating the colonization and community dominance of L. borealis under the isolation and extreme environmental conditions of Coal Nunatak.


Polar Record ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-179
Author(s):  
John Splettstoesser

ABSTRACTA new name for a geographical feature in the Antarctic Peninsula known for many years by its colloquial name of Una's Tits, was formally approved by the Antarctic place names committee of the United Kingdom. It is now known as Una Peaks, named for a former secretary in the governor's office, Stanley, Falkland Islands.


Polar Record ◽  
1947 ◽  
Vol 5 (33-34) ◽  
pp. 40-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
David James

In early 1945, having had no previous experience of dogs or dog-driving, I was given charge of twenty-five huskies at the Hope Bay base of the Falkland Islands Dependencies Survey. These dogs were purchased in Labrador by Surg.-Cdr. E. W. Bingham, R.N., and Capt. N. B. Marshall in the autumn of 1944, and were transported to the Antarctic via England. Every man develops his own methods and personal preferences for animal management, and there is a welter of conflicting advice and testimony. In such circumstances it is best for the absolute novice to select the system of one acknowledged expert and adhere to it rigidly.


1939 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 791-800 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oskar Carlgren

The collection of Actiniaria and Zoantharia made by the Scottish National Antarctic Expedition contains nineteen species, one of which, Porponia antarctica Carlgren, I described as a new species in 1914. In all there were six species from the Antarctic, three from the Falkland Islands, six from the west coast of Cape Province, three from the Cape Verde Islands, and one, not specifically determined, from Gough Island. The new species here described are Epiactis vincentina, Epiactis brucei, Sicyonis antarctica, and Palythoa vincentina. I have not thought it necessary to compile a complete list of the literature and synonyms of the species, since in the papers cited full information is given.


Nematology ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 883-890 ◽  
Author(s):  
Russell Millar ◽  
David Wharton ◽  
Ian Brown

AbstractPanagrolaimus davidi is a free-living microbivore, associated with moss and algal patches in coastal regions around Ross Island, Antarctica. In laboratory experiments, temperature had a major influence on P. davidi life history parameters. The optimal temperature occurred between 25 and 30°C and the temperature at which population growth ceased was estimated at 6.8°C. Threshold temperatures for developmental processes were in the range 4.1°C (for egg incubation) to 7.6°C (for generation time). The life history strategy of P. davidi shows r-selected features and is more similar to temperate free-living nematodes than to other polar species, which show K-selected features. In the Antarctic, P. davidi is forced to remain dormant for long periods and growth occurs intermittently when conditions allow, suggesting A selection. The life history of P. davidi thus exhibits both A and r-selected features.


Phytotaxa ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 340 (1) ◽  
pp. 86 ◽  
Author(s):  
DAG O. ØVSTEDAL ◽  
LOUISE LINDBLOM ◽  
KERRY KNUDSEN ◽  
ALAN M. FRYDAY

Acarospora malouina Øvstedal & K. Knudsen is described from the Falkland Islands. It is morphologically very similar to the Antarctic species A. gwynnii but differs in chemistry, ecology and evidence from molecular data.


1866 ◽  
Vol 156 ◽  
pp. 453-543

Resume in this Number of the Contributions the discussion and coordination of the observations of the Antarctic Magnetic Survey executed by Her Majesty’s Ships ‘Erebus’ and ‘Terror,’ under the direction of Sir James Clark Ross, R. N., aided by Captain Francis Rawdon Crozier, R. N., between the years 1839 and 1843. I purpose in the present communication to complete the detailed exposition of the Survey by the reduction of the observations of the three magnetic elements in its con­cluding year, on the same general plan on which similar accounts were given of those of the preceding years in earlier communications, viz., between the Cape of Good Hope and Hobarton in 1840, and between the departure from Hobarton in November 1840, and the return to the same station in April 1841, in No. V. (Philosophical Transactions, 1843, Art. X ) ; and between Hobarton in July 1841 and the Falkland Islands in April 1842 in No. VI. (Philosophical Transactions, 1844, Art. VII.). The observations discussed in the present memoir are those made from the departure from the Falkland Islands in September 1842 to the second arrival at the Cape of Good Hope in April 1843. In a subsequent and concluding memoir, which I hope to present to the Society early in the ensuing session, it will be my endeavour to connect and thoroughly coordinate the several portions of the Survey, comprising in its three portions the circumnavigation of the Southern Ocean from the departure from the Cape of Good Hope in March 1840, to the return of the ships to the same station in April 1843.


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