The spread of Abies throughout Europe since the last glacial period: combined macrofossil and pollen data

2004 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 257-268 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruth Terh�rne-Berson ◽  
Thomas Litt ◽  
Rachid Cheddadi
2020 ◽  
Vol 532 ◽  
pp. 116012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica B. Volz ◽  
Bo Liu ◽  
Male Köster ◽  
Susann Henkel ◽  
Andrea Koschinsky ◽  
...  

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 345-358 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marília C. Campos ◽  
Cristiano M. Chiessi ◽  
Ines Voigt ◽  
Alberto R. Piola ◽  
Henning Kuhnert ◽  
...  

Abstract. Abrupt millennial-scale climate change events of the last deglaciation (i.e. Heinrich Stadial 1 and the Younger Dryas) were accompanied by marked increases in atmospheric CO2 (CO2atm) and decreases in its stable carbon isotopic ratios (δ13C), i.e. δ13CO2atm, presumably due to outgassing from the ocean. However, information on the preceding Heinrich Stadials during the last glacial period is scarce. Here we present δ13C records from two species of planktonic foraminifera from the western South Atlantic that reveal major decreases (up to 1 ‰) during Heinrich Stadials 3 and 2. These δ13C decreases are most likely related to millennial-scale periods of weakening of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation and the consequent increase (decrease) in CO2atm (δ13CO2atm). We hypothesise two mechanisms that could account for the decreases observed in our records, namely strengthening of Southern Ocean deep-water ventilation and weakening of the biological pump. Additionally, we suggest that air–sea gas exchange could have contributed to the observed δ13C decreases. Together with other lines of evidence, our data are consistent with the hypothesis that the CO2 added to the atmosphere during abrupt millennial-scale climate change events of the last glacial period also originated in the ocean and reached the atmosphere by outgassing. The temporal evolution of δ13C during Heinrich Stadials 3 and 2 in our records is characterized by two relative minima separated by a relative maximum. This w structure is also found in North Atlantic and South American records, further suggesting that such a structure is a pervasive feature of Heinrich Stadial 2 and, possibly, also Heinrich Stadial 3.


2013 ◽  
Vol 160 (5) ◽  
pp. 1285-1296 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. W. Foltz ◽  
S. D. Fatland ◽  
M. Eléaume ◽  
K. Markello ◽  
K. L. Howell ◽  
...  

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed M. Ezat ◽  
Tine L. Rasmussen ◽  
Mathis P. Hain ◽  
Mervyn Greaves ◽  
James W B Rae ◽  
...  

1891 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 156-163
Author(s):  
Henry H. Howorth

These opinions of Mr. Campbell, however clearly and precisely stated, are so strong and emphatic, that I wish to confirm them by those of another experienced geologist, who worked much among the Himalayas, namely, General McMahon. In “Notes of a Tour through Hangrang and Spiti,” published in the twelfth volume of the Eecords of the Geological Survey of India, he describes the existing glaciers and their remains in the district, and then says: “I do not know whether any one has ever supposed that the Himalayas were covered during the last Glacial period with an ice-cap, but I may note that whilst I saw nothing to favour such, an idea, I saw much to negative it. The contour of the hills and valleys in those parts of the interior of the Himalayas that I have visited is sharp and angular, and where rounded outlines are seen, they are sufficiently explained by the action of subaeiial forces on comparatively soft and friable rocks.


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