Localization of early germ cells in a stony coral, Euphyllia ancora: potential implications for a germline stem cell system in coral gametogenesis

Coral Reefs ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 639-653 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shinya Shikina ◽  
Yi-Jou Chung ◽  
Hsiang-Ming Wang ◽  
Yi-Ling Chiu ◽  
Zih-Fang Shao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cell ◽  
Germ Cells ◽  
Cell System ◽  
Germline Stem Cell ◽  
Stony Coral ◽  
Stem Cell System

scholarly journals Biology of the Caenorhabditis elegans Germline Stem Cell System

Genetics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 213 (4) ◽  
pp. 1145-1188 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Jane Albert Hubbard ◽  
Tim Schedl
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cell ◽  
Caenorhabditis Elegans ◽  
Cell Fate ◽  
Control Cell ◽  
Cell System ◽  
Germline Stem Cell ◽  
Cell Systems ◽  
Stem Cell Fate ◽  
C Elegans ◽  
Stem Cell System

Stem cell systems regulate tissue development and maintenance. The germline stem cell system is essential for animal reproduction, controlling both the timing and number of progeny through its influence on gamete production. In this review, we first draw general comparisons to stem cell systems in other organisms, and then present our current understanding of the germline stem cell system in Caenorhabditis elegans. In contrast to stereotypic somatic development and cell number stasis of adult somatic cells in C. elegans, the germline stem cell system has a variable division pattern, and the system differs between larval development, early adult peak reproduction and age-related decline. We discuss the cell and developmental biology of the stem cell system and the Notch regulated genetic network that controls the key decision between the stem cell fate and meiotic development, as it occurs under optimal laboratory conditions in adult and larval stages. We then discuss alterations of the stem cell system in response to environmental perturbations and aging. A recurring distinction is between processes that control stem cell fate and those that control cell cycle regulation. C. elegans is a powerful model for understanding germline stem cells and stem cell biology.

scholarly journals Aging germline stem cells in C. elegans

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 740-740
Author(s):  
E Jane Hubbard
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Cell System ◽  
Cell Aging ◽  
Germline Stem Cell ◽  
Germline Stem Cells ◽  
C Elegans ◽  
Cell Pool ◽  
Stem Cell System ◽  
Stem Cell Pool

Abstract Failure to maintain stem cells with age is associated with conditions such as tissue degeneration and increased susceptibility to tissue damage. We use the C. elegans germline stem cell system as a model to study stem cell aging. This system combines a well-established model for aging with an accessible stem cell system, providing a unique opportunity to understand how aging influences stem cell dynamics. The germline stem/progenitor pool in in C. elegans becomes depleted over time. At the cellular level, aging influences both the size of the stem cell pool and the proliferation rate of stem cells. The flux of differentiated cells also affects how aging impacts the pool. This depletion is partially alleviated in mutants with reduced insulin/IGF-like signaling via inhibition of the transcription factor DAF-16/FOXO. In this role, DAF-16 does not act in the germ line, and its anatomical requirements are different from its previously described roles in larval germline proliferation, dauer control, and lifespan regulation. We found that DAF-16/FOXO is required in certain somatic cells in the proximal part of the reproductive system to regulate the stem cell pool. We also find that the degree to which various age-defying perturbations affect lifespan does not correlate with their effect on germline stem cell maintenance. We are investigating additional aspects of aging germline stem cells using this system.

scholarly journals Decoding the Regulatory Logic of the Drosophila Male Stem Cell System

Cell Reports ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (11) ◽  
pp. 3072-3086 ◽  
Author(s):  
Srividya Tamirisa ◽  
Fani Papagiannouli ◽  
Eugen Rempel ◽  
Olga Ermakova ◽  
Nils Trost ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cell ◽  
Cell System ◽  
Stem Cell System

scholarly journals A novel self-organizing embryonic stem cell system reveals signaling logic underlying the patterning of human ectoderm

Development ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 146 (20) ◽  
pp. dev179093 ◽  
Author(s):  
George Britton ◽  
Idse Heemskerk ◽  
Rachel Hodge ◽  
Amina A. Qutub ◽  
Aryeh Warmflash
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cell ◽  
Embryonic Stem Cell ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Cell System ◽  
Stem Cell System ◽  
Self Organizing

scholarly journals Effect of bleeding on hematopoiesis following irradiation and marrow transplantation

Blood ◽  
1975 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 205-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
SS Boggs ◽  
DR Boggs
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Small Dose ◽  
Bone Marrow Cells ◽  
Large Cell ◽  
Cell System ◽  
Normal Bone Marrow ◽  
Normal Bone ◽  
Cell Dose ◽  
Stem Cell System

Abstract In previous studies, bleeding after irradiation did not affect the rate of regeneration of endogenous spleen colony-forming cells, but induced an early (4–6 days after irradiation) appearance of erythrocytic colonies which differentiated and disappeared by days 7–8. This “abortive” wave was associated with a similarly abortive wave of splenic 59Fe uptake. The present experiments were done to determine whether or not an abortive wave of erythropoiesis could be induced in the transplanted, exogenous stem cell system. Lethally irradiated mice were given normal bone marrow cells and one-half of the group were bled of about one-third their blood volume within 4 hr of irradiation. Groups were killed on days 3–10 after irradiation. Seventeen to twenty hours prior to killing, 59Fe was injected. Hematocrits, spleen weights, colony numbers, and per cent 59Fe uptake were determined. Hematocrits of bled mice averaged about 70% of those of cell-injected controls. Spleen weights, colony counts, and per cent 59Fe uptake per spleen began to increase about 1 day earlier in bled mice (days 4–5 as compared to days 5–6), and rates of increase were the same as those of controls. However, no abortive wave of erythropoiesis was detected. A large cell dose resulted in earlier increases in all parameters than a small dose. Thus, bleeding after injection of cells produced results similar to those obtained by increasing the cell dose. The inability of bleeding to induce an early abortive wave of erythropoiesis in transplanted as compared to endogenous colony-forming systems may reflect differences in the cell cycling characteristics of these systems.

scholarly journals Genetic Regulators of a Pluripotent Adult Stem Cell System in Planarians Identified by RNAi and Clonal Analysis

2012 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 299-311 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel E. Wagner ◽  
Jaclyn J. Ho ◽  
Peter W. Reddien
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cell ◽  
Adult Stem Cell ◽  
Cell System ◽  
Clonal Analysis ◽  
Stem Cell System

Live Monitoring of the Endoderm�like Cell Differentiation in the Murine Embryonic Stem Cell System

2004 ◽  
Vol 2004 (Fall) ◽  
Author(s):  
Irina Drobinskaya ◽  
Lubov Rochlina ◽  
Thomas Linn ◽  
Reinhard Bretzel ◽  
Eugen Kolossov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cell ◽  
Cell Differentiation ◽  
Embryonic Stem Cell ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Cell System ◽  
Murine Embryonic Stem Cell ◽  
Stem Cell System
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