Correlation Between Vase Life and Biochemical Parameters in Ornamental Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) Affected by Spraying Chemical Materials During the Growth Stages

Author(s):  
Mohadeseh Montazeri Shatoori ◽  
Vahid Reza Saffari ◽  
Homayoun Farahmand
2003 ◽  
Vol 83 (2) ◽  
pp. 319-326 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. L. Johnson

Growth compensation of dwarf sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) hybrids to low initial stands, later stand losses, or plant defoliation has not been reported regarding replanting decisions and crop insurance yield loss assessment. Three experiments were conducted to study the affect of stand reduction, defoliation, and row spacing on dwarf sunflower yield and quality when grown in eastern North Dakota. Experiment 1 evaluated stand reduction (0, 25, 50 and 75%) applied at growth stages (V4, R1 and R6) in 15, 45 and 76 cm spaced rows. Row spacing interactions with stand reduction and growth stage were not significant for yield indicating growth stage and stand reduction effects on yield response were independent of row spacing. In exp. 2, significant growth stage (V4, V8, R1, R2, R3, R5 and R6) by stand reduction (0, 12, 25, 37, 50, 62 and 75%) interaction showed stand reduction at vegetative growth stages not influencing yield, but as maturity progressed yield reductions became greater with increased stand reduction. Achene weight increased with increasing stand reduction at vegetative and early reproductive stages. A reciprocal relationship was noted between achene weight and achene oil content where oil content decreased as achene weight increased. Interaction of growth stage (R1 and R6) and defoliation (0, 25, 50, 75 and 100%) in exp. 3 indicated greater reduction in yield, test weight, 1000-achene weight, and achene oil conte nt as defoliatin increased at growth stage R6. Yield compensating ability of dwarf sunflower is dependent on type and level of damage and growth stage of occurrence, with total yield reduction considering all effects. Key words: Sunflower, Helianthus annuus L., row spacing, stand reduction, defoliation


HortScience ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 28 (12) ◽  
pp. 1178-1179 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodney B. Jones ◽  
Margrethe Serek ◽  
Michael S. Reid

The vase life of cut sunflowers given a simulated transport period (3 days dry storage at 8C) was significantly enhanced by a l-hour pulse with 0.01% Triton X-100 administered before storage. The Triton pulse increased solution uptake during the l-hour pulse, decreased fresh weight loss during dry storage, and significantly improved water uptake thereafter, resulting in greater leaf turgidity and longer vase life. Leaf stomata] conductance measurements indicated that Triton X-100 maintained stomatal opening at a higher level during the pulse and after storage, but had no effect during dry storage. Chemical name used: octylphenoxypolyethoxyethanol (Triton X-100).


Helia ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 34 (54) ◽  
pp. 27-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Simic ◽  
V. Dragicevic ◽  
S. Knezevic ◽  
M. Radosavljevic ◽  
Z. Dolijanovic ◽  
...  

Irriga ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 373-385 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eder Pereira Gomes ◽  
Marizângela Rizzatti Ávila ◽  
Max Emerson Rickli ◽  
Fabiano Petri ◽  
Gregory Fedri

O girassol é uma planta que se adapta em diversas condições edafoclimáticas, porém, as necessidades hídricas, assim como os coeficientes de cultura nos diferentes estádios fenológicos, ainda não estão perfeitamente definidas. Na região do Arenito Caiuá, Noroeste do Estado do Paraná, por possuir solo extremamente arenoso, portanto com baixa capacidade de retenção hídrica, torna-se imprescindível o cultivo de culturas anuais sob a técnica de semeadura direta. Com objetivo de estabelecer um manejo adequado de irrigação suplementar para a cultura do girassol nesta condição, valores de coeficiente de cultura foram propostos em cinco fases fenológicas. Utilizou-se um delineamento experimental de blocos casualizados com três repetições e cinco tratamentos, sendo um sem irrigação e quatro com lâminas de irrigação embasadas na adoção de diferentes coeficientes de cultura.  Ao final de cada fase foram medidas as seguintes componentes de produção: massa seca, diâmetro de capítulo, diâmetro de caule e altura de planta. A maioria das componentes respondeu de maneira linear, independente da fase analisada. Não houve baixa produtividade da cultura do girassol com ausência de irrigação, igual a 2271 kg ha-1, no entanto a maior produtividade, 3063 kg ha-1, foi alcançada por meio da irrigação que utilizou coeficientes de cultura iguais 0,4, 0,8, 1,2, 0,8 e 0,4, nas fases 1,2,3,4 e 5, respectivamente.   Palavras Chave: coeficiente de cultura, componentes de produção, irrigação suplementar, solo arenoso, Helianthus annuus L.     SUNFLOWER GROWTH AND YIELD UNDER IRRIGAGATION LEVELS IN NO-TILLAGE SYSTEM IN ARENITO CAIUÁ REGION - PARANÁ STATE.     2 ABSTRACT   The sunflower crop adapts various soil and climate conditions, however, the water requirements and the crop coefficients in different growth stages are not yet well defined.In Arenito Caiuá, Northwest of Parana State, because the soil is extremely sandy with low water retention capacity, there is a need for annual crops cultivation under no-tillage technique. In order to establish a proper supplemental irrigation management for sunflower cultivation in this condition, crop coefficient values were proposed in five phases of development. A randomized block design was used with three replications and five treatments, one without  and four irrigation depths based in the adoption of different crop coefficients. At the end of each phasethe following yield components were measured: dry matter, capitulum and stem diameter, and plant height. Most components responded in a linearly, independent of the phase analyzed. There wasn’t sunflower low yield without irrigation equal to 2271 kg ha-1, however the highest yield 3063 kg ha-1 was obtained by irrigation which used crop coefficients equal to 0.4, 0.8, 1.2, 0.8 and 0.4 in phases 1,2,3,4 and 5, respectively.   Key-words: crop coefficients, yield components, irrigation, soil, Helianthus annuus L.


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