scholarly journals Altered intrinsic organisation of brain networks implicated in attentional processes in adult attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a resting-state study of attention, default mode and salience network connectivity

2015 ◽  
Vol 266 (4) ◽  
pp. 349-357 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justina Sidlauskaite ◽  
Edmund Sonuga-Barke ◽  
Herbert Roeyers ◽  
Jan R. Wiersema
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Brain Networks ◽  
Network Connectivity ◽  
Salience Network ◽  
Attentional Processes ◽  
Default Mode ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
State Study

scholarly journals Shared alterations in resting-state brain connectivity in adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and their unaffected first-degree relatives

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Valentino Antonio Pironti ◽  
Deniz Vatansever ◽  
Barbara Jacquelyn Sahakian
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Adult Adhd ◽  
External Validation ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Default Mode ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
First Degree Relatives ◽  
Human Connectome Project

Abstract Background Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a developmental condition that often persists into adulthood with extensive negative consequences on quality of life. Despite emerging evidence indicating the genetic basis of ADHD, investigations into the familial expression of latent neurocognitive traits remain limited. Methods In a group of adult ADHD probands (n = 20), their unaffected first-degree relatives (n = 20) and typically developing control participants (n = 20), we assessed endophenotypic alterations in the default mode network (DMN) connectivity during resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging in relation to cognitive performance and clinical symptoms. In an external validation step, we also examined the dimensional nature of this neurocognitive trait in a sample of unrelated healthy young adults (n = 100) from the Human Connectome Project (HCP). Results The results illustrated reduced anti-correlations between the posterior cingulate cortex/precuneus and right middle frontal gyrus that was shared between adult ADHD probands and their first-degree relatives, but not with healthy controls. The observed connectivity alterations were linked to higher ADHD symptoms that was mediated by performance in a sustained attention task. Moreover, this brain-based neurocognitive trait dimensionally explained ADHD symptom variability in the HCP sample. Conclusions Alterations in the default mode connectivity may represent a dimensional endophenotype of ADHD, hence a significant aspect of the neuropathophysiology of this disorder. As such, brain network organisation can potentially be employed as an important neurocognitive trait to enhance statistical power of genetic studies in ADHD and as a surrogate efficacy endpoint in the development of novel pharmaceuticals.

scholarly journals Brain-behavior patterns define a dimensional biotype in medication-naïve adults with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hsiang-Yuan Lin ◽  
Luca Cocchi ◽  
Andrew Zalesky ◽  
Jinglei Lv ◽  
Alistair Perry ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Adult Adhd ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Clustering Methods ◽  
Childhood Onset ◽  
Default Mode ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder

AbstractBackgroundChildhood-onset attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in adults is clinically heterogeneous and commonly presents with different patterns of cognitive deficits. It is unclear if this clinical heterogeneity expresses a dimensional or categorical difference in ADHD.MethodsWe first studied differences in functional connectivity in multi-echo resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) acquired from 80 medication-naïve adults with ADHD and 123 matched healthy controls. We then used canonical correlation analysis (CCA) to identify latent relationships between symptoms and patterns of altered functional connectivity (dimensional biotype) in patients. Clustering methods were implemented to test if the individual associations between resting-state brain connectivity and symptoms reflected a non-overlapping categorical biotype.ResultsAdults with ADHD showed stronger functional connectivity compared to healthy controls, predominantly between the default-mode, cingulo-opercular and subcortical networks. CCA identified a single mode of brain-symptom co-variation, corresponding to an ADHD dimensional biotype. This dimensional biotype is characterized by a unique combination of altered connectivity correlating with symptoms of hyperactivity-impulsivity, inattention, and intelligence. Clustering analyses did not support the existence of distinct categorical biotypes of adult ADHD.ConclusionsOverall, our data advance a novel finding that the reduced functional segregation between default-mode and cognitive control networks supports a clinically important dimensional biotype of childhood-onset adult ADHD. Despite the heterogeneity of its presentation, our work suggests that childhood-onset adult ADHD is a single disorder characterized by dimensional brain-symptom mediators.

scholarly journals Resting-State fMRI to Identify the Brain Correlates of Treatment Response to Medications in Children and Adolescents With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: Lessons From the CUNMET Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victor Pereira-Sanchez ◽  
Alexandre R. Franco ◽  
Pilar de Castro-Manglano ◽  
Maria A. Fernandez-Seara ◽  
Maria Vallejo-Valdivielso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Brain Networks ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Pharmacological Treatments ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Long Term Treatment ◽  
Treatment Naïve ◽  
The Brain

Neuroimaging research seeks to identify biomarkers to improve the diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), although clinical translation of findings remains distant. Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (R-fMRI) is increasingly being used to characterize functional connectivity in the brain. Despite mixed results to date and multiple methodological challenges, dominant hypotheses implicate hyperconnectivity across brain networks in patients with ADHD, which could be the target of pharmacological treatments. We describe the experience and results of the Clínica Universidad de Navarra (Spain) Metilfenidato (CUNMET) pilot study. CUNMET tested the feasibility of identifying R-fMRI markers of clinical response in children with ADHD undergoing naturalistical pharmacological treatments. We analyzed cross-sectional data from 56 patients with ADHD (18 treated with methylphenidate, 18 treated with lisdexamfetamine, and 20 treatment-naive patients). Standard preprocessing and statistical analyses with attention to control for head motion and correction for multiple comparisons were performed. The only results that survived correction were noted in contrasts of children who responded clinically to lisdexamfetamine after long-term treatment vs. treatment-naive patients. In these children, we observed stronger negative correlations (anticorrelations) across nodes in six brain networks, which is consistent with higher across-network functional segregation in patients treated with lisdexamfetamine, i.e., less inter-network interference than in treatment-naive patients. We also note the lessons learned, which could help those pursuing clinically relevant multidisciplinary research in ADHD en route to eventual personalized medicine. To advance reproducible open science, our report is accompanied with links providing access to our data and analytic scripts.

scholarly journals Brain–behavior patterns define a dimensional biotype in medication-naïve adults with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder

2018 ◽  
Vol 48 (14) ◽  
pp. 2399-2408 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hsiang-Yuan Lin ◽  
Luca Cocchi ◽  
Andrew Zalesky ◽  
Jinglei Lv ◽  
Alistair Perry ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Adult Adhd ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Clustering Methods ◽  
Childhood Onset ◽  
Default Mode ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder

AbstractBackgroundChildhood-onset attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in adults is clinically heterogeneous and commonly presents with different patterns of cognitive deficits. It is unclear if this clinical heterogeneity expresses a dimensional or categorical difference in ADHD.MethodsWe first studied differences in functional connectivity in multi-echo resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) acquired from 80 medication-naïve adults with ADHD and 123 matched healthy controls. We then used canonical correlation analysis (CCA) to identify latent relationships between symptoms and patterns of altered functional connectivity (dimensional biotype) in patients. Clustering methods were implemented to test if the individual associations between resting-state brain connectivity and symptoms reflected a non-overlapping categorical biotype.ResultsAdults with ADHD showed stronger functional connectivity compared to healthy controls, predominantly between the default-mode, cingulo-opercular and subcortical networks. CCA identified a single mode of brain–symptom co-variation, corresponding to an ADHD dimensional biotype. This dimensional biotype is characterized by a unique combination of altered connectivity correlating with symptoms of hyperactivity-impulsivity, inattention, and intelligence. Clustering analyses did not support the existence of distinct categorical biotypes of adult ADHD.ConclusionsOverall, our data advance a novel finding that the reduced functional segregation between default-mode and cognitive control networks supports a clinically important dimensional biotype of childhood-onset adult ADHD. Despite the heterogeneity of its presentation, our work suggests that childhood-onset adult ADHD is a single disorder characterized by dimensional brain–symptom mediators.

scholarly journals Beyond massive univariate tests: Covariance regression reveals complex patterns of functional connectivity related to attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, age, sex, and response control

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi Zhao ◽  
Mary Beth Nebel ◽  
Brian S. Caffo ◽  
Stewart H. Mostofsky ◽  
Keri S. Rosch
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Brain Networks ◽  
Resting State Fmri ◽  
Resting State Functional Connectivity ◽  
Response Control ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Regression Approach

AbstractWe applied a novel Covariate Assisted Principal (CAP) whole-matrix regression approach to identify resting-state functional connectivity (FC) brain networks associated with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and response control. Participants included 8-12 year-old children with ADHD (n=115, 29 girls) and typically developing controls (n=102, 35 girls) with a resting-state fMRI scan and go/no-go task behavioral data. We modeled three sets of covariates to identify resting-state networks associated with ADHD, age, sex, and response control. Four networks were identified across models revealing complex interactions between subregions of cognitive control, default mode, subcortical, visual, and somatomotor networks that relate to age, response control, and a diagnosis of ADHD among girls and boys. Unique networks were also identified in each of the three models suggesting some specificity to the covariates of interest. These findings demonstrate the utility of our novel covariance regression approach to studying functional brain networks relevant for development, behavior, and psychopathology.

scholarly journals Differences in Disrupted Dynamic Functional Network Connectivity Among Children, Adolescents, and Adults With Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: A Resting-State fMRI Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elijah Agoalikum ◽  
Benjamin Klugah-Brown ◽  
Hang Yang ◽  
Pan Wang ◽  
Shruti Varshney ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Network Connectivity ◽  
Functional Network ◽  
Age Difference ◽  
Functional Network Connectivity ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Dynamic Functional Network Connectivity

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most widespread mental disorders and often persists from childhood to adulthood, and its symptoms vary with age. In this study, we aim to determine the disrupted dynamic functional network connectivity differences in adult, adolescent, and child ADHD using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) data consisting of 35 children (8.64 ± 0.81 years), 40 adolescents (14.11 ± 1.83 years), and 39 adults (31.59 ± 10.13 years). We hypothesized that functional connectivity is time-varying and that there are within- and between-network connectivity differences among the three age groups. Nine functional networks were identified using group ICA, and three FC-states were recognized based on their dynamic functional network connectivity (dFNC) pattern. Fraction of time, mean dwell time, transition probability, degree-in, and degree-out were calculated to measure the state dynamics. Higher-order networks including the DMN, SN, and FPN, and lower-order networks comprising the SMN, VN, SC, and AUD were frequently distributed across all states and were found to show connectivity differences among the three age groups. Our findings imply abnormal dynamic interactions and dysconnectivity associated with different ADHD, and these abnormalities differ between the three ADHD age groups. Given the dFNC differences between the three groups in the current study, our work further provides new insights into the mechanism subserved by age difference in the pathophysiology of ADHD and may set the grounds for future case-control studies in the individual age groups, as well as serving as a guide in the development of treatment strategies to target these specific networks in each age group.

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