Oxytocin modulates the effective connectivity between the precuneus and the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex

2019 ◽  
Vol 270 (5) ◽  
pp. 567-576 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jyothika Kumar ◽  
Sarina J. Iwabuchi ◽  
Birgit A. Völlm ◽  
Lena Palaniyappan
Keyword(s):  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Effective Connectivity ◽  
Dorsolateral Prefrontal

scholarly journals Effective connectivity during faces processing in major depression: Distinguishing markers of pathology, risk, and resilience

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seda Sacu ◽  
Carolin Wackerhagen ◽  
Susanne Erk ◽  
Nina Romanczuk-Seiferth ◽  
Kristina Schwarz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Major Depression ◽  
Orbitofrontal Cortex ◽  
Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Brain Connectivity ◽  
Effective Connectivity ◽  
Fusiform Gyrus ◽  
Risk And Resilience ◽  
Dorsolateral Prefrontal ◽  
The Right

Abstract Background: Aberrant brain connectivity during emotional processing, especially within the fronto-limbic pathway, is one of the hallmarks of major depressive disorder (MDD). However, a lack of systematic approaches in previous studies made it difficult to determine whether a specific alteration in brain connectivity reflects a cause, correlate, or effect of the disorder. The current study aimed to investigate neural mechanisms that correspond to disease, risk and resilience in major depression during implicit processing of emotion cues. Methods: Forty-eight patients with MDD, 49 first-degree relatives of patients with MDD and 103 healthy controls performed a face-matching task during functional magnetic resonance imaging. We used dynamic causal modelling to estimate task-dependent effective connectivity at the subject level. Parametric empirical Bayes was then performed to quantify group differences in effective connectivity. Results: Depressive pathology was associated with decreased effective connectivity from the left amygdala and left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex to the right fusiform gyrus, whereas familial risk for depression corresponded to decreased connectivity from the right orbitofrontal cortex to the left insula and from the left orbitofrontal cortex to the right fusiform gyrus. Resilience for depression was related to increased connectivity from the anterior cingulate cortex to the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. Conclusions: Our results suggest that the depressive state alters top-down control of higher visual regions during the processing of emotional faces, whereas increased connectivity within the cognitive control network promotes resilience to depression.

scholarly journals Disruption of effective connectivity from the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex to the orbitofrontal cortex by negative emotional distraction in obsessive–compulsive disorder

2015 ◽  
Vol 46 (5) ◽  
pp. 921-932 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. J. Han ◽  
W. H. Jung ◽  
J.-Y. Yun ◽  
J. W. Park ◽  
K. K. Cho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Orbitofrontal Cortex ◽  
Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Effective Connectivity ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Dorsolateral Prefrontal ◽  
Neural Interactions ◽  
Emotional Distraction

BackgroundObsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) has been associated with abnormal cognitive and emotional functions and these dysfunctions may be dependent on the disruption of dynamic interactions within neuronal circuits associated with emotion regulation. Although several studies have shown the aberrant cognitive–affective processing in OCD patients, little is known about how to characterize effective connectivity of the disrupted neural interactions. In the present study, we applied effective connectivity analysis using dynamic causal modeling to explore the disturbed neural interactions in OCD patients.MethodA total of 20 patients and 21 matched healthy controls performed a delayed-response working memory task under emotional or non-emotional distraction while undergoing functional magnetic resonance imaging.ResultsDuring the delay interval under negative emotional distraction, both groups showed similar patterns of activations in the amygdala. However, under negative emotional distraction, the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) and the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) exhibited significant differences between groups. Bayesian model averaging indicated that the connection from the DLPFC to the OFC was negatively modulated by negative emotional distraction in patients, when compared with healthy controls (p < 0.05, Bonferroni-corrected).ConclusionsExaggerated recruitment of the DLPFC may induce the reduction of top-down prefrontal control input over the OFC, leading to abnormal cortico-cortical interaction. This disrupted cortico-cortical interaction under negative emotional distraction may be responsible for dysfunctions of cognitive and emotional processing in OCD patients and may be a component of the pathophysiology associated with OCD.

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