Subduction of solar-type noble gases from extraterrestrial dust: constraints from high-pressure low-temperature metamorphic deep-sea sediments

2005 ◽  
Vol 149 (6) ◽  
pp. 675-684 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. H. Schwarz ◽  
M. Trieloff ◽  
R. Altherr
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Deep Sea ◽  
Noble Gases ◽  
Deep Sea Sediments ◽  
Solar Type

Monounsaturated but Not Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Are Required for Growth of the Deep-Sea BacteriumPhotobacterium profundum SS9 at High Pressure and Low Temperature

1999 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 1710-1720 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric E. Allen ◽  
Daniel Facciotti ◽  
Douglas H. Bartlett
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
High Pressure ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Mutant Strain ◽  
Deep Sea ◽  
High Pressures ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Temperature Sensitive ◽  
Pressure Sensitive

ABSTRACT There is considerable evidence correlating the production of increased proportions of membrane unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs) with bacterial growth at low temperatures or high pressures. In order to assess the importance of UFAs to microbial growth under these conditions, the effects of conditions altering UFA levels in the psychrotolerant piezophilic deep-sea bacterium Photobacterium profundum SS9 were investigated. The fatty acids produced byP. profundum SS9 grown at various temperatures and pressures were characterized, and differences in fatty acid composition as a function of phase growth, and between inner and outer membranes, were noted. P. profundum SS9 was found to exhibit enhanced proportions of both monounsaturated (MUFAs) and polyunsaturated (PUFAs) fatty acids when grown at a decreased temperature or elevated pressure. Treatment of cells with cerulenin inhibited MUFA but not PUFA synthesis and led to a decreased growth rate and yield at low temperature and high pressure. In addition, oleic acid-auxotrophic mutants were isolated. One of these mutants, strain EA3, was deficient in the production of MUFAs and was both low-temperature sensitive and high-pressure sensitive in the absence of exogenous 18:1 fatty acid. Another mutant, strain EA2, produced little MUFA but elevated levels of the PUFA species eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA; 20:5n-3). This mutant grew slowly but was not low-temperature sensitive or high-pressure sensitive. Finally, reverse genetics was employed to construct a mutant unable to produce EPA. This mutant, strain EA10, was also not low-temperature sensitive or high-pressure sensitive. The significance of these results to the understanding of the role of UFAs in growth under low-temperature or high-pressure conditions is discussed.

Poly 3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyhexanoate films can be degraded by the deep-sea microbes at high pressure and low temperature conditions

2019 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 248-257 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chiaki Kato ◽  
Aya Honma ◽  
Shunsuke Sato ◽  
Tetsuo Okura ◽  
Ryuji Fukuda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Deep Sea ◽  
Temperature Conditions

scholarly journals Large-Scale Transposon Mutagenesis of Photobacterium profundum SS9 Reveals New Genetic Loci Important for Growth at Low Temperature and High Pressure

2007 ◽  
Vol 190 (5) ◽  
pp. 1699-1709 ◽  
Author(s):  
Federico M. Lauro ◽  
Khiem Tran ◽  
Alessandro Vezzi ◽  
Nicola Vitulo ◽  
Giorgio Valle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Deep Sea ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
High Pressures ◽  
Cell Envelope ◽  
Transposon Mutagenesis ◽  
Chromosomal Structure ◽  
And Function ◽  
Photobacterium Profundum

ABSTRACT Microorganisms adapted to piezopsychrophilic growth dominate the majority of the biosphere that is at relatively constant low temperatures and high pressures, but the genetic bases for the adaptations are largely unknown. Here we report the use of transposon mutagenesis with the deep-sea bacterium Photobacterium profundum strain SS9 to isolate dozens of mutant strains whose growth is impaired at low temperature and/or whose growth is altered as a function of hydrostatic pressure. In many cases the gene mutation-growth phenotype relationship was verified by complementation analysis. The largest fraction of loci associated with temperature sensitivity were involved in the biosynthesis of the cell envelope, in particular the biosynthesis of extracellular polysaccharide. The largest fraction of loci associated with pressure sensitivity were involved in chromosomal structure and function. Genes for ribosome assembly and function were found to be important for both low-temperature and high-pressure growth. Likewise, both adaptation to temperature and adaptation to pressure were affected by mutations in a number of sensory and regulatory loci, suggesting the importance of signal transduction mechanisms in adaptation to either physical parameter. These analyses were the first global analyses of genes conditionally required for low-temperature or high-pressure growth in a deep-sea microorganism.

Early development and larval survival of Psammechinus miliaris under deep-sea temperature and pressure conditions

2008 ◽  
Vol 88 (3) ◽  
pp. 453-461 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Aquino-Souza ◽  
S.J. Hawkins ◽  
P.A. Tyler
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Hydrostatic Pressure ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Deep Sea ◽  
Larval Survival ◽  
Sea Temperature ◽  
Psammechinus Miliaris ◽  
Temperature And Pressure ◽  
Shallow Water Species ◽  
Water Species

The aim of this study was to analyse the tolerance of the planktonic stages of Psammechinus miliaris to hydrostatic pressure and temperature. Embryos of Psammechinus miliaris were subjected to different combinations of pressure and temperature for 3, 6 and 12 h. The percentage of embryos at each stage and the percentage of embryos developing abnormally were measured. Larvae at the gastrula and prism stages were subjected to pressure and temperature combinations for 24 h and the larval survival was calculated measuring the percentage of swimming larvae. Both embryos and larvae could survive at greater pressures than the known adult depth limits. Larvae showed a much greater potential than embryos for surviving deeper, with approximately 100% of both gastrulae and prisms surviving up to 200 atm at 5°C. These results are similar to other shallow-water species of Echinoida. Thus larval tolerance of high pressure and low temperature may have been important for the success of this group in colonizing the deep-sea.

scholarly journals Response of marine bacteria to oil contamination and to high pressure and low temperature deep sea conditions

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. e00550 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanna Fasca ◽  
Livia V. A. de Castilho ◽  
João Fabrício M. de Castilho ◽  
Ilson P. Pasqualino ◽  
Vanessa M. Alvarez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Marine Bacteria ◽  
Deep Sea ◽  
Oil Contamination

Extra-terrestrial noble gases in deep sea sediments

1988 ◽  
Vol 52 (5) ◽  
pp. 1087-1095 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sachiko Amari ◽  
Minoru Ozima
Keyword(s):  
Deep Sea ◽  
Noble Gases ◽  
Deep Sea Sediments
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