Regulation of Heterogenous LexA Expression in Staphylococcus aureus by an Antisense RNA Originating from Transcriptional Read-Through upon Natural Mispairings in the sbrB Intrinsic Terminator

Bacterial genomes are pervasively transcribed, generating a wide variety of antisense RNAs (asRNAs). Many of them originate from transcriptional read-through events (TREs) during the transcription termination process. Previous transcriptome analyses revealed that the lexA gene from Staphylococcus aureus, which encodes the main SOS response regulator, is affected by the presence of an asRNA. Here, we show that the lexA antisense RNA (lexA-asRNA) is generated by a TRE on the intrinsic terminator (TTsbrB) of the sbrB gene, which is located downstream of lexA, in the opposite strand. Transcriptional read-through occurs by a natural mutation that destabilizes the TTsbrB structure and modifies the efficiency of the intrinsic terminator. Restoring the mispairing mutation in the hairpin of TTsbrB prevented lexA-asRNA transcription. The level of lexA-asRNA directly correlated with cellular stress since the expressions of sbrB and lexA-asRNA depend on the stress transcription factor SigB. Comparative analyses revealed strain-specific nucleotide polymorphisms within TTsbrB, suggesting that this TT could be prone to accumulating natural mutations. A genome-wide analysis of TREs suggested that mispairings in TT hairpins might provide wider transcriptional connections with downstream genes and, ultimately, transcriptomic variability among S. aureus strains.

Identification of the Acidobacterium capsulatum LexA box reveals a lateral acquisition of the Alphaproteobacteria lexA gene

Acidobacterium capsulatum is the most thoroughly studied species of a new bacterial phylogenetic group designated the phylum Acidobacteria. Through a tblastn search, the A. capsulatum lexA gene has been identified, and its product purified. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays have shown that A. capsulatum LexA protein binds specifically to the direct repeat GTTCN7GTTC motif. Strikingly, this is also the LexA box of the Alphaproteobacteria, but had not previously been described outside this subclass of the Proteobacteria. In addition, a phylogenetic analysis of the LexA protein clusters together Acidobacterium and the Alphaproteobacteria, moving the latter away from their established phylogenetic position as a subclass of the Proteobacteria, and pointing to a lateral gene transfer of the lexA gene from the phylum Acidobacteria, or an immediate ancestor, to the Alphaproteobacteria. Lastly, in vivo experiments demonstrate that the A. capsulatum recA gene is DNA-damage inducible, despite the fact that a LexA-binding sequence is not present in its promoter region.

The Leptospira interrogans lexA Gene Is Not Autoregulated

ABSTRACT Footprinting and mutagenesis experiments demonstrated that Leptospira interrogans LexA binds the palindrome TTTGN5CAAA found in the recA promoter but not in the lexA promoter. In silico analysis revealed that none of the other canonical SOS genes is under direct control of LexA, making the leptospiral lexA gene the first described which is not autoregulated.