Analysis of interrater reliability in age assessment of minors: how does expertise influence the evaluation?

AbstractNowadays, the clinical forensic medical management of migration flows comprises the age assessment of unaccompanied minors. The process of age estimation is a fundamental pillar for legally ensuring the minors’ rights and their protection needs. The procedure is complex and involves different phases and actors, from medical doctors to law enforcement officers. The present study aimed to investigate the performance of Greulich and Pyle, Demirjian, and Mincer methods when performed by raters both trained and without training. Also, the interrater reliability within groups of raters from different areas of expertise was evaluated. A total of 36 participants were enrolled for this study, divided in two groups according to their level of experience with age estimation methods. Each rater was asked to allocate stages and standards for age assessment, evaluating ten orthopantomograms and ten hand-wrist roentgenograms. The interrater reliability expressed through the Fleiss Kappa coefficient and the agreement with the reference standard were calculated. The results showed that none of the categories analyzed could reach a good interrater reliability (ĸ > 0.8) for both methods. The study results highlighted variation and disagreement in the interpretation of the sample among raters and in the subsequent stages and standards allocation. In conclusion, the results of this study highlight that expertise does influence the reliability of the most utilized methods of age estimation of living individuals and stress the importance of proper training and practice, which could greatly increase the accuracy of age assessments.

Download Full-text

COMPARISION OF DENTAL SCORING SYSTEM WITH RADIOGRAPHIC SKELETAL SYSTEM IN AGE ESTIMATION

JKCD ◽

10.33279/2307-3934.2019.9103 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 9-11

Author(s):

Sadaf Ambreen

Keyword(s):

Age Estimation ◽

Scoring System ◽

Skeletal Age ◽

Chronological Age ◽

Age Group ◽

Dental Age ◽

Scoring Method ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Study Results ◽

Male Subjects

Objectives: To compare Demirjian Dental scoring method with Greulich-Pyle (GP) Skeletal method of age estimation in pubertal children. Materials and Methods: Sample of the study included 267 male healthy subjects of 11-16 years of age group.. Demirjian Scoring system was utilized to evaluate the orthopantomograms to assess their Dental age and the Hand-Wrist radiographs were analyzed to calculate the skeletal age by utilizing GP atlas. Chronological age was obtained from the date of birth of the subject .Both methods were compared with one another and with the chronological age. It was a cross-sectional study and only healthy male subjects without any clinical abnormalities were included in the study. Results: A total of 267 male subjects of 11-16 years of age group were assessed by Demirjian and Greulich Pyle Methods. Both were compared with Chronological Age. Data obtained was statistically analyzed and the Student “t” test was applied in the study population. The mean difference between Chronolgical age and dental age was 0.69years and that of chronological age and skeletal age was 0.87 years. It was observed from dental age assessment that it does not differ much from the skeletal age. Conclusion: It was concluded that Demirjian method of Age Estimation is more precise than Greulich Pyle method of Age Estimation. Furthermore both methods can be used selectively in Medicolegal cases to access bone age which can be easily correlated to chronological age.

Download Full-text

Age estimation of unaccompanied minors

Forensic Science International ◽

10.1016/j.forsciint.2006.02.017 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 159 ◽

pp. S61-S64 ◽

Cited By ~ 139

Author(s):

A. Schmeling ◽

W. Reisinger ◽

G. Geserick ◽

A. Olze

Keyword(s):

Age Estimation ◽

Unaccompanied Minors

Download Full-text

Validity and accuracy of three radiographic dental age estimation methods in Brazilians

Forensic Science International ◽

10.1016/j.forsciint.2017.12.014 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 283 ◽

pp. 128-135 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Eduardo Novaes Benedicto ◽

Alana Cássia Silva Azevedo ◽

Edgard Michel-Crosato ◽

Maria Gabriela Haye Biazevic

Keyword(s):

Age Estimation ◽

Estimation Methods ◽

Dental Age ◽

Dental Age Estimation

Download Full-text

Direct and Indirect Forensic Age Estimation Methods for Deciduous Teeth

Journal of Forensic Research ◽

10.4172/2157-7145.1000273 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 06 (02) ◽

Author(s):

Aka P Sema

Keyword(s):

Age Estimation ◽

Estimation Methods ◽

Forensic Age Estimation ◽

Deciduous Teeth

Download Full-text

Quantification of secondary dentine formation from orthopantomograms?a contribution to forensic age estimation methods in adults

International Journal of Legal Medicine ◽

10.1007/s00414-004-0492-x ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 119 (1) ◽

pp. 27-30 ◽

Cited By ~ 115

Author(s):

E. Paewinsky ◽

H. Pfeiffer ◽

B. Brinkmann

Keyword(s):

Age Estimation ◽

Estimation Methods ◽

Forensic Age Estimation ◽

Secondary Dentine

Download Full-text

A Crook is a Crook . . . But is He Still a Crook Abroad? On the Effect of Immigration on Destination-Country Corruption

German Economic Review ◽

10.1111/geer.12064 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 16 (4) ◽

pp. 464-489 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Eugen Dimant ◽

Margarete Redlin ◽

Tim Krieger

Keyword(s):

Method Of Moments ◽

Fixed Effects ◽

Generalized Method Of Moments ◽

Destination Country ◽

Estimation Methods ◽

Econometric Methodology ◽

Migration Flows ◽

The Difference ◽

Method Of Moments Estimator ◽

The Impact

AbstractThis paper analyzes the impact of migration on destination-country corruption levels. Capitalizing on a comprehensive dataset consisting of annual immigration stocks of OECD countries from 207 countries of origin for the period 1984-2008, we explore different channels through which corruption might migrate. We employ different estimation methods using fixed effects and Tobit regressions in order to validate our findings. Moreover, we also address the issue of endogeneity by using the Difference- Generalized Method of Moments estimator. Independent of the econometric methodology, we consistently find that while general migration has an insignificant effect on the destination country’s corruption level, immigration from corruption-ridden origin countries boosts corruption in the destination country. Our findings provide a more profound understanding of the socioeconomic implications associated with migration flows.

Download Full-text

Bayesian Uncertainty Estimation for Gaussian Graphical Models and Centrality Indices

10.31234/osf.io/7kude ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Joran Jongerling ◽

Sacha Epskamp ◽

Donald Ray Williams

Keyword(s):

Bayesian Estimation ◽

Graphical Models ◽

Estimation Methods ◽

Centrality Measures ◽

Gaussian Graphical Models ◽

Graphical Lasso ◽

Study Results ◽

Partial Correlations ◽

Good Coverage ◽

Better Than

Gaussian Graphical Models (GGMs) are often estimated using regularized estimation and the graphical LASSO (GLASSO). However, the GLASSO has difficulty estimating(uncertainty in) centrality indices of nodes. Regularized Bayesian estimation might provide a solution, as it is better suited to deal with bias in the sampling distribution ofcentrality indices. This study therefore compares estimation of GGMs with a Bayesian GLASSO- and a Horseshoe prior to estimation using the frequentist GLASSO in an extensive simulation study. Results showed that out of the two Bayesian estimation methods, the Bayesian GLASSO performed best. In addition, the Bayesian GLASSOperformed better than the frequentist GLASSO with respect to bias in edge weights, centrality measures, correlation between estimated and true partial correlations, andspecificity. With respect to sensitivity the frequentist GLASSO performs better.However, sensitivity of the Bayesian GLASSO is close to that of the frequentist GLASSO (except for the smallest N used in the simulations) and tends to be favored over the frequentist GLASSO in terms of F1. With respect to uncertainty in the centrality measures, the Bayesian GLASSO shows good coverage for strength andcloseness centrality. Uncertainty in betweenness centrality is estimated less well, and typically overestimated by the Bayesian GLASSO.

Download Full-text