scholarly journals Effect of breath-hold on the responses of arterial blood pressure and cerebral blood velocity to isometric exercise

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hironori Watanabe ◽  
Takuro Washio ◽  
Shotaro Saito ◽  
Shigehiko Ogoh
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Arterial Blood Pressure ◽  
Isometric Exercise ◽  
Blood Velocity ◽  
Breath Hold ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Cerebral Blood Velocity

Effect of Pneumothorax-lnduced Systemic Blood Pressure Alterations on the Cerebral Circulation in Newborn Dogs

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 74 (3) ◽  
pp. 350-353
Author(s):  
Daniel G. Batton ◽  
Jonathan Hellmann ◽  
Elizabeth E. Nardis
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Arterial Blood Pressure ◽  
Premature Infants ◽  
Mean Arterial Blood Pressure ◽  
Cerebral Circulation ◽  
Intraventricular Hemorrhage ◽  
Blood Velocity ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Cerebral Blood Velocity ◽  
Rapid Evacuation

Pneumothorax has been associated with intraventricular hemorrhage in premature infants, although the mechanism for this relationship is not clear. Because alterations in cerebral blood flow are believed to be important in the pathogenesis of intraventricular hemorrhage, the effect of induced pneumothorax and subsequent evacuation on the cerebral circulation in 16 newborn dogs was evaluated. Continuous Doppler ultrasound was used to monitor changes in cerebral blood velocity. Pneumothorax was induced by slow infusion (5 cc/kg/min) or rapid infusion (5 to 10 seconds) of air to reduce mean arterial blood pressure to half of base-line levels. Both methods of pneumothorax induction resulted in significant elevations of central venous pressure and intrapleural pressure, whereas mean arterial blood pressure and cerebral blood velocity decreased significantly. In each group, the pneumothorax was evacuated either by slow withdrawal of air (10 cc/kg/min) or as rapidly as possible. Rapid evacuation of air resulted in an immediate increase in mean arterial blood pressure and cerebral blood velocity to supranormal levels. Slow evacuation led to a more gradual normalization of mean arterial blood pressure and cerebral blood velocity. It is suggested that the precipitous increases in mean arterial blood pressure and cerebral blood velocity following rapid evacuation of a tension pneumothorax may account for the observed association between pneumothorax and intraventricular hemorrhage in premature infants.

scholarly journals Cardiac and vasomotor components of the carotid baroreflex control of arterial blood pressure during isometric exercise in humans

2006 ◽  
Vol 572 (3) ◽  
pp. 869-880 ◽  
Author(s):  
James P. Fisher ◽  
Shigehiko Ogoh ◽  
Ellen A. Dawson ◽  
Paul J. Fadel ◽  
Niels H. Secher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Arterial Blood Pressure ◽  
Isometric Exercise ◽  
Baroreflex Control ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Carotid Baroreflex ◽  
Exercise In Humans

Sympathoadrenal-circulatory regulation during sustained isometric exercise in young and older men

1991 ◽  
Vol 261 (5) ◽  
pp. R1061-R1069 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Taylor ◽  
G. A. Hand ◽  
D. G. Johnson ◽  
D. R. Seals
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Arterial Blood Pressure ◽  
Vascular Resistance ◽  
Isometric Exercise ◽  
Older Men ◽  
Electromyographic Activity ◽  
Isometric Handgrip ◽  
Significant Group ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Older Subjects

The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that the arterial blood pressure, vasoconstrictor, and sympathoadrenal adjustments to sustained submaximal isometric exercise become augmented with advancing age in humans. Fourteen young (26 +/- 1 yr) and 14 older (66 +/- 1 yr) healthy males performed isometric handgrip exercise at 30% of maximal voluntary force until exhaustion (inability to maintain target force). Maximal handgrip force was quite similar in the young and older subjects (402 +/- 20 vs. 392 +/- 20 N, respectively). The two groups did not differ significantly on any variable at rest. During sustained handgrip to exhaustion, peak levels of both perceived exertion and contracting forearm electromyographic activity were similar in the young and older men, suggesting equivalent voluntary efforts. Exercise time was not different in the two groups (315 +/- 27 s in young vs. 339 +/- 17 s in older men). Throughout exercise the increases in arterial blood pressure were very similar in the young and older subjects. Heart rate increased less (P less than 0.05), but stroke volume (impedance cardiography) tended to decrease less (not significant) in the older men; thus the increases in cardiac output were not different in the two groups. During the latter portion of exercise, systemic vascular resistance tended to increase in both the young and older men, with no significant group differences. The blood flow responses in the whole calf (venous occlusion plethysmography) and the calf skin (laser-Doppler velocimetry) were similar in the young and older subjects, as were the corresponding increases in vascular resistance.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

scholarly journals Cardiac and vasomotor components of the carotid baroreflex control of arterial blood pressure during isometric exercise in humans

2006 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
James P Fisher ◽  
Shigehiko Ogoh ◽  
Ellen A Dawson ◽  
Paul J Fadel ◽  
Niels H Secher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Arterial Blood Pressure ◽  
Isometric Exercise ◽  
Baroreflex Control ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Carotid Baroreflex ◽  
Exercise In Humans

scholarly journals Cardiovascular changes during deep breath-hold dives in a pressure chamber

1997 ◽  
Vol 83 (4) ◽  
pp. 1282-1290 ◽  
Author(s):  
Massimo Ferrigno ◽  
Guido Ferretti ◽  
Avery Ellis ◽  
Dan Warkander ◽  
Mario Costa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cardiac Output ◽  
Blood Lactate ◽  
Arterial Blood Pressure ◽  
Pressure Chamber ◽  
Breath Hold ◽  
Cool Water ◽  
Deep Breath ◽  
Cardiovascular Changes ◽  
Arterial Blood

Ferrigno, Massimo, Guido Ferretti, Avery Ellis, Dan Warkander, Mario Costa, Paolo Cerretelli, and Claes E. G. Lundgren. Cardiovascular changes during deep breath-hold dives in a pressure chamber. J. Appl. Physiol.83(4): 1282–1290, 1997.—Electrocardiogram, cardiac output, and blood lactate accumulation were recorded in three elite breath-hold divers diving to 40–55 m in a pressure chamber in thermoneutral (35°C) or cool (25°C) water. In two of the divers, invasive recordings of arterial blood pressure were also obtained during dives to 50 m in cool water. Bradycardia during the dives was more pronounced and developed more rapidly in the cool water, with heart rates dropping to 20–30 beats/min. Arrhythmias occurred, particularly during the dives in cool water, when they were often more frequent than sinus beats. Because of bradycardia, cardiac output decreased during the dives, especially in cool water (to <3 l/min in 2 of the divers). Arterial blood pressure increased dramatically, reaching values as high as 280/200 and 290/150 mmHg in the two divers, respectively. This hypertension was secondary to peripheral vasoconstriction, which also led to anaerobic metabolism, reflected in increased blood lactate concentration. The diving response of these divers resembles the one described for diving animals, although the presence of arrhythmias and large increases in blood pressure indicate a less perfect adaptation in humans.

Underwater study of arterial blood pressure in breath-hold divers

2009 ◽  
Vol 107 (5) ◽  
pp. 1526-1531 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arne Sieber ◽  
Antonio L'Abbate ◽  
Mirko Passera ◽  
Erika Garbella ◽  
Antonio Benassi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Arterial Blood Pressure ◽  
Breath Hold ◽  
Clinical Criteria ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Direct Measurements ◽  
Dry Conditions ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
First Time ◽  
Apnea Diving

Knowledge regarding arterial blood pressure (ABP) values during breath-hold diving is scanty. It derives from a few reports of measurements performed at the water's surface, showing slight or no increase in ABP, and from a single study of two simulated deep breath-hold dives in a hyperbaric chamber. Simulated dives showed an increase in ABP to values considered life threatening by standard clinical criteria. For the first time, using a novel noninvasive subaquatic sphygmomanometer, we successfully measured ABP in 10 healthy elite breath-hold divers at a depth of 10 m of freshwater (mfw). ABP was measured in dry conditions, at the surface (head-out immersion), and twice at a depth of 10 mfw. Underwater measurements of ABP were obtained in all subjects. Each measurement lasted 50–60 s and was accomplished without any complications or diver discomfort. In the 10 subjects as a whole, mean ABP values were 124/93 mmHg at the surface and 123/94 mmHg at a depth of 10 mfw. No significant statistical differences were found when blood pressure measurements at the water surface were compared with breath-hold diving conditions at a depth of 10 mfw. No systolic blood pressure values >140 mmHg or diastolic blood pressure values >115 mmHg were recorded. In conclusion, direct measurements of ABP during apnea diving showed no or only mild increases in ABP. However, our results cannot be extended over environmental conditions different from those of the present study.

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