Genebank accession numbers of sequences of Culicoides species vectors of bluetongue virus in Germany

AbstractLight-traps were used to sample populations of C. comutus De Meillon, C. pallidipennis G, I. & M. and C. schultzei (End.) gp. at sites at Embakasi, Kiboko and Makindu between 1971 and 1975. The samples were graded into age-groups by the degree of abdominal pigmentation, estimates of calendar ageing were made, and the seasonal variation in age-structure of the populations was recorded. Survival rates were calculated on the basis of a graphical model of the continually overlapping generations, and the survival rate of 0·8 was found typical. This rate is considered sufficiently high for C. cornutus, C. pallidipennis and C. schultzei gp. to act as vectors of bluetongue virus disease of sheep and/or ephemeral fever virus disease of cattle.

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Moucherons piqueurs (Ceratopogonidae: Culicoides Latreille) rencontrés dans les fermes en Suède

Revue d’élevage et de médecine vétérinaire des pays tropicaux ◽

10.19182/remvt.10050 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 62 (2-4) ◽

pp. 140

Author(s):

S. A. Nielsen ◽

B. O. Nielsen ◽

J. Chirico

Keyword(s):

Spatial Distribution ◽

Relative Abundance ◽

Bluetongue Virus ◽

Northern Europe ◽

Culicoides Species ◽

Livestock Farms

In light of the emergence of bluetongue in Northern Europe, populations of Culicoides species were monitored in and around several Swedish livestock farms (surveillance in 2007 and 2008). The position of the sampling sites ranged from about latitude 55° N to about 68° N. Thirty-three Culicoides species were recorded, of which 30 were new to Sweden. The species recorded, and their relative abundance and spatial distribution on sites are detailed. Species incriminated as vectors of bluetongue virus were predominant.

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Efficacy of Oxyfly™ on Culicoides species—the vectors of Bluetongue virus—and other insects

Parasitology Research ◽

10.1007/s00436-008-1098-x ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 103 (5) ◽

pp. 1101-1103 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Günter Schmahl ◽

Volker Walldorf ◽

Sven Klimpel ◽

Saleh Al-Quraishy ◽

Heinz Mehlhorn

Keyword(s):

Bluetongue Virus ◽

Culicoides Species

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Vector competence of South African Culicoides species for bluetongue virus serotype 1 (BTV-1) with special reference to the effect of temperature on the rate of virus replication in C. imicola and C. bolitinos

Medical and Veterinary Entomology ◽

10.1046/j.1365-2915.2002.00334.x ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

pp. 10-21 ◽

Cited By ~ 70

Author(s):

J. T. Paweska ◽

G. J. Venter ◽

P. S. Mellor

Keyword(s):

Special Reference ◽

South African ◽

Virus Replication ◽

Bluetongue Virus ◽

Vector Competence ◽

Effect Of Temperature ◽

Culicoides Species ◽

Virus Serotype ◽

Serotype 1

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Possible over-wintering of bluetongue virus in Culicoides populations in the Onderstepoort area, Gauteng, South Africa

Journal of the South African Veterinary Association ◽

10.4102/jsava.v87i1.1371 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 87 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Jumari Steyn ◽

Gert J. Venter ◽

Karien Labuschagne ◽

Daphney Majatladi ◽

Solomon N.B. Boikanyo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

South Africa ◽

Bluetongue Virus ◽

Close Association ◽

Culicoides Species ◽

Gauteng Province ◽

Mild Winter ◽

Biting Rate ◽

Winter Temperatures ◽

Vector Activity ◽

Vector Capacity

Several studies have demonstrated the ability of certain viruses to overwinter in arthropod vectors. The over-wintering mechanism of bluetongue virus (BTV) is unknown. One hypothesis is over-wintering within adult Culicoides midges (Diptera; Ceratopogonidae) that survive mild winters where temperatures seldom drop below 10 °C. The reduced activity of midges and the absence of outbreaks during winter may create the impression that the virus has disappeared from an area. Light traps were used in close association with horses to collect Culicoides midges from July 2010 to September 2011 in the Onderstepoort area, in Gauteng Province, South Africa. More than 500 000 Culicoides midges were collected from 88 collections and sorted to species level, revealing 26 different Culicoides species. Culicoides midges were present throughout the 15 month study. Nine Culicoides species potentially capable of transmitting BTV were present during the winter months. Midges were screened for the presence of BTV ribonucleic acid (RNA) with the aid of a real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) assay. In total 91.2% of midge pools tested positive for BTV RNA. PCR results were compared with previous virus isolation results (VI) that demonstrated the presence of viruses in summer and autumn months. The results indicate that BTV-infected Culicoides vectors are present throughout the year in the study area. Viral RNA-positive midges were also found throughout the year with VI positive midge pools only in summer and early autumn. Midges that survive mild winter temperatures could therefore harbour BTV but with a decreased vector capacity. When the population size, biting rate and viral replication decrease, it could stop BTV transmission. Over-wintering of BTV in the Onderstepoort region could therefore result in re-emergence because of increased vector activity rather than reintroduction from outside the region.

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Culicoides species and transmission of bluetongue virus in Spain

Veterinary Record ◽

10.1136/vr.162.8.255 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 162 (8) ◽

pp. 255-255 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

C. Calvete ◽

J. H. Calvo ◽

R. Calavia ◽

M. A. Miranda ◽

D. Borras ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bluetongue Virus ◽

Culicoides Species

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Effects of permethrin (Flypor®) and fenvalerate (Acadrex®60, Arkofly®) on Culicoides species—the vector of Bluetongue virus

Parasitology Research ◽

10.1007/s00436-008-1261-4 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 104 (4) ◽

pp. 815-820 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Günter Schmahl ◽

Sven Klimpel ◽

Volker Walldorf ◽

Bärbel Schumacher ◽

Antja Jatzlau ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bluetongue Virus ◽

Culicoides Species

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Bluetongue virus detection in new Culicoides species in Sardinia, Italy

Veterinary Record ◽

10.1136/vr.105118 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 184 (20) ◽

pp. 621-621 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Cipriano Foxi ◽

Giorgio Meloni ◽

Giantonella Puggioni ◽

Daniela Manunta ◽

Angelamaria Rocchigiani ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bluetongue Virus ◽

Vector Competence ◽

Virus Detection ◽

Culicoides Species ◽

Rt Pcr ◽

Biting Midges ◽

Body Regions ◽

Culicoides Imicola ◽

Obsoletus Complex ◽

The Mediterranean Basin

Bluetongue is an infectious disease transmitted by Culicoides biting midges. Culicoides imicola is considered the main vector in the Mediterranean basin but other species have been implicated in the Bluetongue virus (BTV) transmission. During 2017, BTV serotype 4 re-occurred in Sardinia causing outbreaks in sheep farms. A survey was carried out on affected farms with the aim to detect the virus in field-collected Culicoides. Biting midges were morphologically identified, pooled and then assayed with a real time RT-PCR. To evaluate BTV dissemination, some Culicoides were dissected and head, thorax and abdomen were tested singly by PCR. A total of 173,738 Culicoides adults were collected. Viral RNA was detected in 68 out of 77 pools and all species analysed resulted positive. Detection of BTV in parous female body regions (head, thorax and abdomen) confirmed the full dissemination of BTV in all species analysed. During this study, the vector competence of C imicola, C newsteadi s.l. and Obsoletus complex was confirmed. The authors found two new Culicoides species BTV positive, C paolae never associated with BTV transmission and C circumscriptus only recently found BTV positive in Turkey, which could be considered potential vectors.

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