Evolutionary QTL-allele changes in main stem node number among geographic and seasonal subpopulations of Chinese cultivated soybeans

Although the main stem node number of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr. ] is an important yield-related trait, there have been limited studies on the effect of plant density on the identification of quantitative trait loci (QTL) for main stem node number (MSNN). To address this issue, here, 144 four-way recombinant inbred lines (FW-RILs) derived from Kenfeng 14, Kenfeng 15, Heinong 48, and Kenfeng 19 were used to identify QTL for MSNN with densities of 2.2 × 105 (D1) and 3 × 105 (D2) plants/ha in five environments by linkage and association studies. As a result, the linkage and association studies identified 40 and 28 QTL in D1 and D2, respectively, indicating the difference in QTL in various densities. Among these QTL, five were common in the two densities; 36 were singly identified for response to density; 12 were repeatedly identified by both response to density and phenotype of two densities. Thirty-one were repeatedly detected across various methods, densities, and environments in the linkage and association studies. Among the 24 common QTL in the linkage and association studies, 15 explained a phenotypic variation of more than 10%. Finally, Glyma.06G094400, Glyma.06G147600, Glyma.19G160800.1, and Glyma.19G161100 were predicted to be associated with MSNN. These findings will help to elucidate the genetic basis of MSNN and improve molecular assistant selection in high-yield soybean breeding.

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Exploring the QTL–allele constitution of main stem node number and its differentiation among maturity groups in a Northeast China soybean population

Crop Science ◽

10.1002/csc2.20024 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 60 (3) ◽

pp. 1223-1238 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Mengmeng Fu ◽

Yanping Wang ◽

Haixiang Ren ◽

Weiguang Du ◽

Xingyong Yang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Northeast China ◽

Main Stem ◽

Node Number ◽

Stem Node ◽

Maturity Groups

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Monitoring the Growth and Development of Cotton Plants Using Main Stem Node Counts

Asian Journal of Plant Sciences ◽

10.3923/ajps.2003.593.596 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 2 (8) ◽

pp. 593-596 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Umer Q. Khan

Keyword(s):

Growth And Development ◽

Main Stem ◽

Stem Node ◽

Cotton Plants

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Growth Stages of Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.)1

Peanut Science ◽

10.3146/i0095-3679-9-1-11 ◽

1982 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 35-40 ◽

Cited By ~ 219

Author(s):

K. J. Boote

Keyword(s):

Arachis Hypogaea ◽

Plant Development ◽

Growth Stage ◽

Cultural Practices ◽

Cotyledonary Node ◽

Main Stem ◽

Growth Stages ◽

Node Number ◽

Arachis Hypogaea L ◽

Harvest Maturity

Abstract Uniform growth stage descriptions were developed for peanut based on visually observable vegetative (V) and reproductive (R) events. The V stage was determined by counting the number of developed nodes on the main stem, beginning with the cotyledonary node as zero. The last node counted must have its tetrafoliolate leaf sufficiently expanded so the leaflets are unfolded and flat in appearance. The R stages proposed are R1 (beginning bloom), R2 (beginning peg), R3 (beginning pod), R4 (full pod), R5 (beginning seed), R6 (full seed), R7 (beginning maturity), R8 (harvest maturity), and R9 (over mature pod). The V and R stages can be measured separately and concurrently and apply to populations or single plants. For populations, a given stage is reached when 50% of the plants sampled have achieved the specified node number or have one or more flowers, pegs, pods, or seeds exhibiting the specified trait. The stages apply to both Spanish and Virginia type cultivars. The proposed standard descriptions of peanut plant development should aid in peanut research planning and communication and should assist extension recommendation of timing of cultural practices.

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Promotion of shoot development and tuberisation in potato by expression of a chimaeric cytokinin synthesis gene at normal and elevated CO2 levels

Functional Plant Biology ◽

10.1071/fp07032 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 37 (1) ◽

pp. 43 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Guo-Qing Tao ◽

D. Stuart Letham ◽

Jean W. H. Yong ◽

Kerong Zhang ◽

Peter C. L. John ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gene Expression ◽

Solanum Tuberosum L ◽

Shoot Development ◽

Main Stem ◽

Stem Length ◽

Tuber Weight ◽

Ipt Gene ◽

Cytokinin Biosynthesis ◽

Node Number ◽

Apical Bud

The bacterial cytokinin biosynthesis gene ipt under control of a chalcone synthase promoter (PCHS) was introduced into potato (Solanum tuberosum L.). Two transgenic lines were selected for detailed study, because in these, root development was reduced only moderately, thus, enabling the plants to be grown in pots. Expression of the PCHS-ipt gene elevated the level of zeatin cytokinins markedly in the apical bud, subapical stems and leaves. The transgenic (IPT) plants exhibited a lower and denser leaf canopy relative to wild-type (WT) plants owing to reduction in main stem length, increase in node number per stem and promotion of lateral shoot development. Main stem diameter was increased markedly due to promotion of cell division associated with activation of cyclin-dependent kinase in the subapical stem. Expression of the PCHS-ipt gene induced aerial stolons, promoted growth of underground stolons and increased tuber number but reduced tuber weight and nitrogen content. The gene expression also increased pinnae and pinnule number per leaf, increased thickness of pinnae and promoted transpiration, photosynthesis and stomatal conductance – effects monitored by gas exchange and 18O and 13C analysis. The elevation of [CO2] to 900 μmol mol–1 promoted growth of both WT and IPT plants, ameliorated the negative effect of high cytokinin on tuber weight and interacted additively with ipt gene expression to promote stem growth.

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Water Deficit and Recovery-Induced Changes in Growth, Photosynthetic Characteristics, Antioxidant Enzymes and Yield of Two Tartary Buckwheat Genotypes

International Journal of Agriculture and Biology ◽

10.17957/ijab/15.1692 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 25 (02) ◽

pp. 483-491

Author(s):

Yan Wan

Keyword(s):

Water Content ◽

Plant Height ◽

Water Deficit ◽

Tartary Buckwheat ◽

Seed Number ◽

Branch Number ◽

Node Number ◽

Stem Node ◽

Shoot Ratio ◽

Root To Shoot Ratio

Tartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum) is an important food crop that is widely adaptable to hostile environments. In this study the responses of two Tartary buckwheat genotypes: drought-susceptible Chuanqiao No. 1 (CQ) and drought-tolerant Jingqiao No. 2 (JQ) in terms of morphology, photosynthesis, physiology and yield to a progressive water deficit and recovery treatment (WD-R) were evaluated. Plants in the well-watered (WW) treatment were watered throughout the experiment. Compared to the WW treatment, water deficit in the WD-R treatment caused decreases in plant height, stem diameter, branch number, stem node number, biomass, seed number, soil water content (SWC), leaf relative water content (RWC), net photosynthesis rate (Pn), intercellular CO2 concentration, stomatal conductance (Gs), transpiration rate (Tr) and Fv/Fm in both CQ and JQ plants. Leaf wilting, malondialdehyde content, superoxide dismutase activity, peroxidase activity, initial fluorescence (F0) and root-to-shoot ratio were significantly increased under water stress in the WD-R treatment. Under the WD-R treatment, compared to CQ, JQ maintained higher RWC, SWC, Pn, Gs, WUE, Fv/Fm, plant height, branch number, stem node number, root biomass, stem biomass, leaf biomass, total biomass, root-to-shoot ratio, seed number per plant, and yield, but a lower Tr and F0. By correlation analysis, Gs was positively correlated with leaf RWC and SWC. These differential growth indexes, biochemical traits and physiological responses might be useful for understanding drought-tolerance genotypes that can grow under water-deficit conditions with minimum yield loss. © 2021 Friends Science Publishers

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Concept for Monitoring the Growth and Development of Cotton Plants Using Main-Stem Node Counts

jpa ◽

10.2134/jpa1992.0532 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 5 (4) ◽

pp. 532-538 ◽

Cited By ~ 58

Author(s):

F. M. Bourland ◽

D. M. Oosterhuis ◽

N. P. Tugwell

Keyword(s):

Growth And Development ◽

Main Stem ◽

Stem Node ◽

Cotton Plants

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Fababean (Vicia faba) in Australia's northern grains belt: canopy development, biomass, and nitrogen accumulation and partitioning

Australian Journal of Agricultural Research ◽

10.1071/ar00186 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 53 (2) ◽

pp. 227 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

J. E. Turpin ◽

M. J. Robertson ◽

N. S. Hillcoat ◽

D. F. Herridge

Keyword(s):

Water Deficit ◽

Vicia Faba ◽

Extinction Coefficient ◽

Plant Density ◽

Main Stem ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Canopy Development ◽

Stem Node ◽

Use Efficiency ◽

Radiation Use

The growth and yield of fababean (Vicia faba) in temperate environments has been well described; however, information is lacking on the response of the crop to the higher temperature and radiation conditions of subtropical regions. Our aim in this study was to quantify fababean canopy development, radiation interception, radiation use efficiency, biomass partitioning, and nitrogen (N) accumulation and partitioning in a subtropical winter environment and to investigate if parameters describing these processes were consistent between temperate and subtropical regions. Two of the most important factors effecting growth patterns and yield in the field are crop density and water supply. Thus, 2 field experiments were conducted at Lawes, south-eastern Queensland, over 2 seasons, the first concentrating on the effect of plant density and the second on varying water deficit, both using the widely adapted cv. Fiord. Main-stem nodes appeared at the rate of one node every 54 degree-days (base temperature 0˚C), with no effect of plant density. With the addition of each main-stem node, plants produced a constant 5.22 leaves per node until the start of grain-filling, at which time assimilate became limiting. High plant density decreased both the number of leaves produced and the size of individual leaves on later formed branches. Radiation use efficiency values of 1.03–1.29 g/MJ were determined for plants grown under well-watered conditions, with a lower value (0.83 g/MJ) for a partly irrigated crop. The measured radiation extinction coefficient was 0.73 for leaf area index values ranging from 0.4 to 7.5, pooled across experiments and treatments. Leaf and stem were partitioned in equal proportions until pod set, and the root : shoot ratio was c. 0.8 at the beginning of pod set. The rate of increase in harvest index (HI) during pod filling was 0.012/day, except under fully irrigated conditions in 1999, when HI was much reduced, possibly due to pod shedding. Parameters such as the extinction coefficient, partitioning between leaf and stem, and rate of main-stem node appearance appeared to be quite conservative in response to density and water deficit, and were within the range of published values from temperate and Mediterranean environments. This is an encouraging outcome and suggests that it should be possible to simulate growth and yield of fababean across the diverse climate zones in which the crop is grown in Australia by using a single simulation model.

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