scholarly journals QTL for Main Stem Node Number and Its Response to Plant Densities in 144 Soybean FW-RILs

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wen-Xia Li ◽  
Ping Wang ◽  
Hengxing Zhao ◽  
Xu Sun ◽  
Tao Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Density ◽  
Association Studies ◽  
Recombinant Inbred Lines ◽  
Main Stem ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Node Number ◽  
Stem Node ◽  
Common Qtl ◽  
Plant Densities ◽  
The Difference

Although the main stem node number of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr. ] is an important yield-related trait, there have been limited studies on the effect of plant density on the identification of quantitative trait loci (QTL) for main stem node number (MSNN). To address this issue, here, 144 four-way recombinant inbred lines (FW-RILs) derived from Kenfeng 14, Kenfeng 15, Heinong 48, and Kenfeng 19 were used to identify QTL for MSNN with densities of 2.2 × 105 (D1) and 3 × 105 (D2) plants/ha in five environments by linkage and association studies. As a result, the linkage and association studies identified 40 and 28 QTL in D1 and D2, respectively, indicating the difference in QTL in various densities. Among these QTL, five were common in the two densities; 36 were singly identified for response to density; 12 were repeatedly identified by both response to density and phenotype of two densities. Thirty-one were repeatedly detected across various methods, densities, and environments in the linkage and association studies. Among the 24 common QTL in the linkage and association studies, 15 explained a phenotypic variation of more than 10%. Finally, Glyma.06G094400, Glyma.06G147600, Glyma.19G160800.1, and Glyma.19G161100 were predicted to be associated with MSNN. These findings will help to elucidate the genetic basis of MSNN and improve molecular assistant selection in high-yield soybean breeding.

Evolutionary QTL-allele changes in main stem node number among geographic and seasonal subpopulations of Chinese cultivated soybeans

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abbas Muhammad Fahim ◽  
Fangdong Liu ◽  
Jianbo He ◽  
Wubing Wang ◽  
Guangnan Xing ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Main Stem ◽  
Node Number ◽  
Stem Node

Canola seed yield and phenological responses to plant density

2016 ◽  
Vol 96 (1) ◽  
pp. 151-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gan Yantai ◽  
K. Neil Harker ◽  
H. Randy Kutcher ◽  
Robert H. Gulden ◽  
Byron Irvine ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Western Canada ◽  
Flowering Period ◽  
Canola Seed ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Plant Densities

Optimal plant density is required to improve plant phenological traits and maximize seed yield in field crops. In this study, we determined the effect of plant density on duration of flowering, post-flowering phase, and seed yield of canola in diverse environments. The field study was conducted at 16 site-years across the major canola growing area of western Canada from 2010 to 2012. The cultivar InVigor® 5440, a glufosinate-resistant hybrid, was grown at five plant densities (20, 40, 60, 80, and 100 plants m−2) in a randomized complete block design with four replicates. Canola seed yield had a linear relationship with plant density at 8 of the 16 site-years, a quadratic relationship at 4 site-years, and there was no correlation between the two variables in the remaining 4 site-years. At site-years with low to medium productivity, canola seed yield increased by 10.2 to 14.7 kg ha−1 for every additional plant per square metre. Averaged across the 16 diverse environments, canola plants spent an average of 22% of their life cycle flowering and another 27% of the time filling seed post-flowering. Canola seed yield had a negative association with duration of flowering and a positive association with the days post-flowering but was not associated with number of days to maturity. The post-flowering period was 12.7, 14.7, and 12.6 d (or 55, 68, and 58%) longer in high-yield experiments than in low-yield experiments in 2010, 2011, and 2012, respectively. We conclude that optimization of plant density for canola seed yield varies with environment and that a longer post-flowering period is critical for increasing canola yield in western Canada.

scholarly journals Influence of Plant Density on Yield and Quality in Tomatoes Under Greenhouse Conditions in the Northwest on Mexico

HortScience ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 801E-801
Author(s):  
Raul Leonel Grijalva-Contreras* ◽  
Ruben Macias-Duarte ◽  
Manuel de Jesus Valenzuela-Ruiz ◽  
Fabian Robles-Contreras
Keyword(s):  
Plant Density ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Fruit Color ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Soil Medium ◽  
Experimental Station ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Plant Densities ◽  
Effect On Yield

Production of high value crops in greenhouse in the Northwest of Mexico is an efficient way to achieve high yield, and high quality and the some time vegetables with less pesticide residue. The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the effects of three different plant densities (1.89, 2.50, and 3.78 plants/m2) on yield and fruit quality on tomatoes. This experiment was carried out in the Experimental Station (INIFAP-CIRNO) inside polyethylene greenhouse. In this Trial we used soil medium and the variety used was `Matrix'. The date seedling establishment was on 26 Jan. 2003. Plant density did have an effect on yield, but did not affect the fruit size. Yield per square meter had a linear response a plant density. The yield obtained were 21.8, 16.1 and 14.7 kg/m2 using 3.78, 2.50 and 1.89 plants/m2, respectively. Weight fruit varied from 200.4 to 247.6 g/fruit for all densities. Also the density not affected the fruit color. None of the treatments evaluated had problems of insect pest and disease.

scholarly journals Manipulation of Plant Density to Enhance Rice Yield for a Bioregenerative Life-support System

HortScience ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 884G-885
Author(s):  
K.R. Goldman ◽  
C.A. Mitchell
Keyword(s):  
Life Support ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Biomass Accumulation ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Higher Plant ◽  
Yield Efficiency ◽  
Panicle Number ◽  
Plant Densities ◽  
Controlled Environments ◽  
Bioregenerative Life Support System

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is a candidate crop for use in Controlled Ecological Life-support Systems (CELSS) proposed for a lunar or Mars outpost. `Ai-Nan-Tsao' is a promising semi-dwarf cultivar because growth volume is limited and HI (percent edible biomass) is high. Yield efficiency rate (YER: g grain/m3 per day [g nonedible biomass]-) combines edible yield rate (EYR: g grain/m3 per day) and HI to quantify edible yield in terms of penalties for growth volume, cropping time, and nonedible biomass production. Greenhouse studies indicate EYR increases with plant density from 70 to 282 plants/m2. YER and shoot HI are stable across this density range because nonedible biomass accumulation keeps pace with edible. Tiller number and panicle size per plant decreased with increasing plant density, but total tiller and panicle number per unit area increased to compensate. Density trials in rigorously controlled environments will determine if higher plant densities will produce even greater YER. This research is supported by NASA grant NAGW-2329.

Comparative Response of Conventional and Quality Protein Maize Hybrids to High Population Densities in the Southern Guinea Savanna of Nigeria

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
O B Bello
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Plant Population ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Quality Protein Maize ◽  
Population Densities ◽  
Higher Plant ◽  
Guinea Savanna ◽  
Plant Densities

Optimum plant population is very important in enhancing high and stable grain yield especially in quality protein maize (QPM) production. A field trial was therefore conducted to compare the performance of six hybrids (three each of QPM and normal endosperm) at three population densities using a split-plot design at the sub-station of the Lower Niger River Basin Development Authority, Oke-Oyi, in the southern Guinea savanna zone of Nigeria during the 2010 and 2011 cropping seasons. Plant population -1 densities (53,333, 66,666, and 88,888 plants ha ) constituted the main plots and the six hybrids were assigned to the subplots, replicated three times. Our results showed a differential response of maize -1 hybrids to high densities, with plant populations above 53,333 plants ha reduced grain yield, and this is more pronounced in QPM than normal endosperm hybrids. This is contrary to the results observed in many other countries. This might be that the hybrids were selected in low yield potential area at low plant densities, and hence not tolerant to plant density stress. It may also be due to low yield potential of the experimental site, which does not allow yield increases at high plant densities. Though normal endosperm hybrids 0103-11 and 0103-15 as well as QPM Dada-ba were superior for grain yield among -1 the hybrids at 53,333 plants ha , hybrid 0103-11 was most outstanding. Therefore, genetic improvement of QPM and normal endosperm hybrids for superior stress tolerance and high yield could be enhanced by selection at higher plant population densities.

scholarly journals Tillering does not interfere on white oat grain yield response to plant density

2003 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 253-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milton Luiz de Almeida ◽  
Luís Sangoi ◽  
Márcio Ender ◽  
Anderson Fernando Wamser
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Main Stem ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Individual Plant ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Plant Densities

Plant density is one of the cropping practices that has the largest impact on individual plant growth. This work was conducted to evaluate the response of white oat (Avena sativa) cultivars with contrasting tillering patterns to variations in plant density. Two field experiments were carried out in Lages, SC, Brazil, during the 1998 and 1999 growing seasons. A split plot experimental design was used. Four oat cultivars were tested in the main plots: UFRGS 14, UFRGS 18, UPF 16 and UPF 17 using five plant densities split plots: 50, 185, 320, 455 and 550 plants m-2. Five plant samples were taken 25, 34, 48, 58 and 70 days after plant emergence to assess the treatment effects on dry matter partition between main stem and tillers. UFRGS 18 promoted dry matter allocation to tillers whereas UPF 17 directed dry mass mostly to the main stem. Differences in dry mass allocation between the main stem and tillers had no impact on grain yield, UPF 16 presenting the highest values for both growing seasons. The lack of interaction between population density and cultivar and the small effect of plant population on grain yield indicates that the oat tillering ability is not fundamental to define its grain yield.

scholarly journals The Intraspecific competition as a driver for true production potential of soybean

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Klimek-Kopyra ◽  
Magdalena Bacior ◽  
Anna Lorenc-Kozik ◽  
Reinhard W. Neugschwandtner ◽  
Tadeusz Zając
Keyword(s):  
Intraspecific Competition ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Full Range ◽  
Relative Yield ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Plant Responses ◽  
Nitrogen Accumulation ◽  
Plant Densities ◽  
The Impact

Phenotypic plasticity of agricultural plants is considered to be one of the main means by which plants cope with the variability of environmental factors. A major contributor to plant plasticity is sowing density, which has a relevant impact on competitive intensity concerning  plant density in different environments (CI) and absolute severity of competition (ASC) concerning plant-plant responses to each other in canopy. A field experiment with soybean was set up at the Experimental Station in Prusy, Krakow, to determine the impact of intraspecific competition on growth, plant architecture, nitrogen accumulation, and yield of soybean as an effect of  seven different plant densities and weather conditions. The study showed that intraspecific competition in soybean was conditioned by sowing density and access to water, thus revealing the true plant productive potential. Low intraspecific competition increased with plant density causing an increase in the yield of plants. In the wet year of 2014, strong intraspecific competition resulted in high yield and nitrogen accumulation only up to a density of 42 plants m-2, compared to dry years when nitrogen uptake of soybean increased with plant density in full range. The CI and ASC competition indices were sensitive to the varying amount of rainfall. Greater rainfall during crop vegetation increased the intensity of competition as well as the absolute severity of competition and decreased the relative yield with increasing density. In contrast, drought reduced intraspecific competition, eliminating it entirely at over 52 plants m-2.

Phase change in citrus: The effects of main stem node number, branch habit and paclobutrazol application on flowering in citrus seedlings

1994 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 149-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela M. Snowball ◽  
I. J. Warrington ◽  
Elizabeth A. Halligan ◽  
M. G. Mullins
Keyword(s):  
Phase Change ◽  
Main Stem ◽  
Node Number ◽  
Stem Node

Fababean (Vicia faba) in Australia's northern grains belt: canopy development, biomass, and nitrogen accumulation and partitioning

2002 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 227 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. Turpin ◽  
M. J. Robertson ◽  
N. S. Hillcoat ◽  
D. F. Herridge
Keyword(s):  
Water Deficit ◽  
Vicia Faba ◽  
Extinction Coefficient ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Main Stem ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Canopy Development ◽  
Stem Node ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Radiation Use

The growth and yield of fababean (Vicia faba) in temperate environments has been well described; however, information is lacking on the response of the crop to the higher temperature and radiation conditions of subtropical regions. Our aim in this study was to quantify fababean canopy development, radiation interception, radiation use efficiency, biomass partitioning, and nitrogen (N) accumulation and partitioning in a subtropical winter environment and to investigate if parameters describing these processes were consistent between temperate and subtropical regions. Two of the most important factors effecting growth patterns and yield in the field are crop density and water supply. Thus, 2 field experiments were conducted at Lawes, south-eastern Queensland, over 2 seasons, the first concentrating on the effect of plant density and the second on varying water deficit, both using the widely adapted cv. Fiord. Main-stem nodes appeared at the rate of one node every 54 degree-days (base temperature 0˚C), with no effect of plant density. With the addition of each main-stem node, plants produced a constant 5.22 leaves per node until the start of grain-filling, at which time assimilate became limiting. High plant density decreased both the number of leaves produced and the size of individual leaves on later formed branches. Radiation use efficiency values of 1.03–1.29 g/MJ were determined for plants grown under well-watered conditions, with a lower value (0.83 g/MJ) for a partly irrigated crop. The measured radiation extinction coefficient was 0.73 for leaf area index values ranging from 0.4 to 7.5, pooled across experiments and treatments. Leaf and stem were partitioned in equal proportions until pod set, and the root : shoot ratio was c. 0.8 at the beginning of pod set. The rate of increase in harvest index (HI) during pod filling was 0.012/day, except under fully irrigated conditions in 1999, when HI was much reduced, possibly due to pod shedding. Parameters such as the extinction coefficient, partitioning between leaf and stem, and rate of main-stem node appearance appeared to be quite conservative in response to density and water deficit, and were within the range of published values from temperate and Mediterranean environments. This is an encouraging outcome and suggests that it should be possible to simulate growth and yield of fababean across the diverse climate zones in which the crop is grown in Australia by using a single simulation model.

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