Promotion of shoot development and tuberisation in potato by expression of a chimaeric cytokinin synthesis gene at normal and elevated CO2 levels

2010 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guo-Qing Tao ◽  
D. Stuart Letham ◽  
Jean W. H. Yong ◽  
Kerong Zhang ◽  
Peter C. L. John ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Solanum Tuberosum L ◽  
Shoot Development ◽  
Main Stem ◽  
Stem Length ◽  
Tuber Weight ◽  
Ipt Gene ◽  
Cytokinin Biosynthesis ◽  
Node Number ◽  
Apical Bud

The bacterial cytokinin biosynthesis gene ipt under control of a chalcone synthase promoter (PCHS) was introduced into potato (Solanum tuberosum L.). Two transgenic lines were selected for detailed study, because in these, root development was reduced only moderately, thus, enabling the plants to be grown in pots. Expression of the PCHS-ipt gene elevated the level of zeatin cytokinins markedly in the apical bud, subapical stems and leaves. The transgenic (IPT) plants exhibited a lower and denser leaf canopy relative to wild-type (WT) plants owing to reduction in main stem length, increase in node number per stem and promotion of lateral shoot development. Main stem diameter was increased markedly due to promotion of cell division associated with activation of cyclin-dependent kinase in the subapical stem. Expression of the PCHS-ipt gene induced aerial stolons, promoted growth of underground stolons and increased tuber number but reduced tuber weight and nitrogen content. The gene expression also increased pinnae and pinnule number per leaf, increased thickness of pinnae and promoted transpiration, photosynthesis and stomatal conductance – effects monitored by gas exchange and 18O and 13C analysis. The elevation of [CO2] to 900 μmol mol–1 promoted growth of both WT and IPT plants, ameliorated the negative effect of high cytokinin on tuber weight and interacted additively with ipt gene expression to promote stem growth.

Evolutionary QTL-allele changes in main stem node number among geographic and seasonal subpopulations of Chinese cultivated soybeans

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abbas Muhammad Fahim ◽  
Fangdong Liu ◽  
Jianbo He ◽  
Wubing Wang ◽  
Guangnan Xing ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Main Stem ◽  
Node Number ◽  
Stem Node

scholarly journals Evaluation of Chlorimuron as a Growth Regulator for Peanut

1995 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wayne E. Mitchem ◽  
Alan C. York ◽  
Roger B. Batts
Keyword(s):  
Growth Regulator ◽  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Lateral Branch ◽  
Internode Length ◽  
Main Stem ◽  
Stem Length ◽  
Vine Growth

Abstract Chlorimuron was evaluated as a growth regulator on peanut. Treatments included chlorimuron at a total of 8.8 g ai/ha applied once at 60,75, or 90 d after emergence (DAE) or in equal portions applied twice at 60 and 75, 60 and 90, or 75 and 90 DAE or three times at 60, 75, and 90 DAE. Daminozide at 950 g ai/ha applied 75 DAE was included as a comparison. In a year with excessive vine growth, daminozide and all chlorimuron treatments except 8.8 g/ha applied 90 DAE reduced cotyledonary lateral branch and main stem length at harvest 9 to 20 and 12 to 24%, respectively, due to suppression of internode length. Sequential applications of chlorimuron generally suppressed growth more than single applications. No improvement in row visibility at harvest was noted. In a dry year with limited vegetative growth, neither chlorimuron nor daminozide affected cotyledonary lateral branch or main stem length at harvest. Chlorimuron at 2.9 g/ha applied 60, 75, and 90 DAE reduced yield 18% at one of four locations; no other treatment affected yield. Chlorimuron at 8.8 g/ha applied 60 DAE or 4.4 g/ha applied 60 and 75 DAE reduced the percentage of fancy pods and extra large kernels at one or more locations. No treatment affected the percentage of total sound mature kernels. Results suggest chlorimuron has little to no potential for use as a growth regulator.

scholarly journals Performance of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) varieties with and without straw-mulch at Shankharapur, Kathmandu, Nepal

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 193-204
Author(s):  
Kalyani Shrestha ◽  
Shrawan Kumar Sah ◽  
Reeti Singh ◽  
Yam Narayan Devkota
Keyword(s):  
Tuber Yield ◽  
Solanum Tuberosum L ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Medium Size ◽  
Tuber Weight ◽  
Potato Varieties ◽  
Straw Mulch ◽  
Crop Varieties ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Benefit Cost

The suitability of crop varieties in a particular location determines the productivity of crops. A field experiment was conducted from February to May 2020 at Shankharapur, Kathmandu, Nepal to evaluate the growth and productivity of potato varieties with and without mulch. Five potato varieties (Cardinal, Janakdev, Khumal Bikas, MS- 42.3, Panauti Local) were evaluated under straw-mulch and no-mulch conditions. The treatments were arranged in two factorial Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with 3 replications. The results revealed that the highest tuber yield was produced by Janakdev (34.29 t ha-1) followed by Panauti Local (29.52 t ha-1). Similarly, straw-mulch gave higher yield (25.9 t ha-1) as compared with no mulch condition (21.73 t ha-1). The higher tuber yield in the Janakdev and Panauti Local was because of higher tuber weight per hill, higher number and weight of medium size (50 -100 g) and oversize (> 100 g) tuber per hill. Similarly, higher yield in straw mulch was due to higher number and weight of tuber per hill. Higher gross return, net return was observed and the benefit cost ratioin varieties Janakdev (4.08) and Panauti Local (3.53) and rice straw mulch (2.88). Therefore, potato varieties Janakdev and Panauti Local with straw mulch are most suitable for Kathmandu like climate for improving productivity and profitability.

scholarly journals Response of Oxypetalum caeruleum to Irradiance, Temperature, and Photoperiod

1990 ◽  
Vol 115 (6) ◽  
pp. 910-914 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.M. Armitage ◽  
N.G. Seager ◽  
I.J. Warrington ◽  
D.H. Greer ◽  
J. Reyngoud
Keyword(s):  
Stem Elongation ◽  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
Stem Length ◽  
Photon Flux ◽  
Vase Life ◽  
Photosynthetic Photon Flux ◽  
Node Number ◽  
Stem Strength ◽  
Flower Abortion ◽  
Reduced Time

Incremental increases in temperature from 14 to 22 to 30C resulted in linear increases in stem length and node number and decreases in stem diameter and stem strength of Oxypetalum caeruleum (D. Don.) Decne. Higher temperatures also resulted in additional flower abortion, reduced time to flowering, and fewer flowering stems per inflorescence. Reduction in the photosynthetic photon flux (PPF) from 695 to 315 μmol·s-1·m-2 had similar effects as increasing the temperature on vegetative characteristics, but had little effect on reproductive ones. The rate of stem elongation was greatest at low PPF for all temperatures and at high temperature for all PPF treatments. Net photosynthesis rose between 14 and 22C and declined at 30C for all PPF treatments. Long photoperiods (12 or 14 hours) resulted in longer internodes, longer stems, and more flowers per cyme than short photoperiods (8 or 10 hours), but photoperiod had little effect on flowering time. Treatments to reduce latex coagulant and silver thiosulfate treatments had no significant effect on vase life.

scholarly journals Effects of nitrogen on yield and chlorophyll of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) cultivars

1970 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Semiha Güler
Keyword(s):  
Solanum Tuberosum ◽  
Tuber Yield ◽  
Solanum Tuberosum L ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Tuber Number ◽  
Tuber Weight ◽  
Nitrogen Rate ◽  
Leaf Chlorophyll ◽  
Nitrogen Rates

Effects of nitrogen on the leaf chlorophyll (chl), yield and yield attributing characters of potato as tuber number and mean tuber weight were studied. Correlation coefficients between the investigated characters were determined. Five nitrogen rates (0, 150, 200, 250 and 300 kg/ha) and four potato cultivars (Burren, Slaney, Anna and Emma) were used in the study. First, second, third class tuber yields and total tuber yield, tuber number per plant, and leaf chl were significantly influenced by both nitrogen rate and cultivar, whereas mean tuber weight was affected only by cultivar. Maximum total yield was obtained at 200 kg N/ha. There was significant linear relationship between leaf chl and N applied (R2=0.91). There were significant correlations between chl and yield and yield related characters. Total yield significantly correlated with leaf chl. Correlations between first class yield and total yield as well as total yield and tuber number per plant were highly significant.   Key words: Potato; Solanum tuberosum L.; Leaf chlorophyll; Nitrogen; Yield DOI: 10.3329/bjb.v38i2.5141 Bangladesh J. Bot. 38(2): 163-169, 2009 (December)  

scholarly journals Transcriptome analysis uncovers the gene expression profile of salt-stressed potato (Solanum tuberosum L.)

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Qing Li ◽  
Yuzhi Qin ◽  
Xinxi Hu ◽  
Guangcun Li ◽  
Hongying Ding ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Solanum Tuberosum ◽  
Gene Expression Profile ◽  
Expression Profile ◽  
Transcriptome Analysis ◽  
Solanum Tuberosum L

Changes in GA 20-oxidase gene expression strongly affect stem length, tuber induction and tuber yield of potato plants

2000 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 247-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
Esther Carrera ◽  
Jordi Bou ◽  
Jose Luis Garcia-Martinez ◽  
Salome Prat
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Tuber Yield ◽  
Stem Length ◽  
Oxidase Gene ◽  
Tuber Induction ◽  
Potato Plants

scholarly journals Evaluation by grafting technique of changes in the contribution of root-to-shoot development and biomass production in soybean (Glycine max) cultivars released from 1929 to 2006 in China

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (7) ◽  
pp. 585 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoning Cao ◽  
Tingting Wu ◽  
Shi Sun ◽  
Cunxiang Wu ◽  
Caijie Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Root Traits ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Shoot Development ◽  
Node Number ◽  
Grafting Technique ◽  
Glycine Max L ◽  
Soybean Roots

Root traits are essential for optimising nutrient and water absorption and anchorage. However, changes in root traits and the contribution of root-to-shoot growth and development of soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) across a century of breeding are poorly documented. In this study, we adopted a grafting technique, using 55 cultivars released in the three main soybean-production regions in China as rootstocks in a pot experiment and 24 cultivars from the Yellow-Huai-Hai Valley (YHH) region as rootstocks in a field experiment, with cv. Zigongdongdou as the common scion. Changes in soybean roots, including dry weight (DW) of roots, lateral root number (LRN) and taproot length (TRL), and their contribution to shoot development and biomass formation, including shoot DW, plant height and node number, were evaluated under optimal conditions in 2011. Aboveground traits declined with year of release in the YHH region and did not vary over time in the northern Heilongjiang province and mid-south Heilongjiang region except for shoot DW. The root traits root DW, LRN and TRL were similar over years of release in the pot and field experiments. The results suggest that the newer cultivars have lesser shoot growth and root capacity but the same amount of root growth as older cultivars. Root traits did not change during selection, suggesting that improvement in soybean root traits should be an aim in future breeding.

Growth Stages of Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.)1

1982 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. J. Boote
Keyword(s):  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Plant Development ◽  
Growth Stage ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Cotyledonary Node ◽  
Main Stem ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Node Number ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Harvest Maturity

Abstract Uniform growth stage descriptions were developed for peanut based on visually observable vegetative (V) and reproductive (R) events. The V stage was determined by counting the number of developed nodes on the main stem, beginning with the cotyledonary node as zero. The last node counted must have its tetrafoliolate leaf sufficiently expanded so the leaflets are unfolded and flat in appearance. The R stages proposed are R1 (beginning bloom), R2 (beginning peg), R3 (beginning pod), R4 (full pod), R5 (beginning seed), R6 (full seed), R7 (beginning maturity), R8 (harvest maturity), and R9 (over mature pod). The V and R stages can be measured separately and concurrently and apply to populations or single plants. For populations, a given stage is reached when 50% of the plants sampled have achieved the specified node number or have one or more flowers, pegs, pods, or seeds exhibiting the specified trait. The stages apply to both Spanish and Virginia type cultivars. The proposed standard descriptions of peanut plant development should aid in peanut research planning and communication and should assist extension recommendation of timing of cultural practices.

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