Potential for Volitional Control of Resting Pressure at the Upper Oesophageal Sphincter in Healthy Individuals

Dysphagia ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katharina Winiker ◽  
Kristin Gozdzikowska ◽  
Esther Guiu Hernandez ◽  
Seh Ling Kwong ◽  
Phoebe Macrae ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Volitional Control ◽  
Upper Oesophageal Sphincter ◽  
Resting Pressure

scholarly journals Effectiveness of endoscopic cricopharyngeal myotomy in adults with neurological disease: systematic review

2016 ◽  
Vol 130 (12) ◽  
pp. 1077-1085 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ó Gilheaney ◽  
P Kerr ◽  
S Béchet ◽  
M Walshe
Keyword(s):  
Neurological Disease ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Operative Management ◽  
Cricopharyngeal Myotomy ◽  
Management Protocol ◽  
Laryngeal Penetration ◽  
Upper Oesophageal Sphincter ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Resting Pressure ◽  
Methodological Concern

AbstractObjective:To determine the effectiveness of endoscopic cricopharyngeal myotomy on upper oesophageal sphincter dysfunction in adults with upper oesophageal sphincter dysfunction and neurological disease.Data sources:Published and unpublished studies with a quasi-experimental design investigating endoscopic cricopharyngeal myotomy effects on upper oesophageal sphincter dysfunction in humans were considered eligible. Electronic databases, grey literature and reference lists of included studies were systematically searched.Review methods:Data were extracted by two independent reviewers. Methodological quality was assessed independently using the PEDro scale and MINORS tool.Results:Of 2938 records identified, 2 studies were eligible. Risk of bias assessment indicated areas of methodological concern in the literature. Statistical analysis was not possible because of the limited number of eligible studies.Conclusion:No determinations could be made regarding endoscopic cricopharyngeal myotomy effectiveness in the cohort of interest. Reliable and valid evidence on the following is required to support increasing clinical usage of endoscopic cricopharyngeal myotomy: optimal candidacy selection; standardised post-operative management protocol; complications; and endoscopic cricopharyngeal myotomy effects on aspiration of food and laryngeal penetration, mean upper oesophageal sphincter resting pressure and quality of life.

Morphological and elemental analysis of isolated incubated frog retina-choroid

1984 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 298-299
Author(s):  
B. J. Panessa-Warren ◽  
J. B. Warren ◽  
H. W. Kraner
Keyword(s):  
Elemental Analysis ◽  
Pigment Epithelium ◽  
Human Retina ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Anterior Portion ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
Frog Retina ◽  
Isolated Retina ◽  
Vertebrate Eye ◽  
Retina Pigment Epithelium

Our previous studies have demonstrated that abnormally high amounts of calcium (Ca) and zinc (Zn) can be accumulated in human retina-choroid under pathological conditions and that barium (Ba), which was not detected in the eyes of healthy individuals, is deposited in the retina pigment epithelium (RPE), and to a lesser extent in the sensory retina and iris. In an attempt to understand how these cations can be accumulated in the vertebrate eye, a morphological and microanalytical study of the uptake and loss of specific cations (K, Ca,Ba,Zn) was undertaken with incubated Rana catesbiana isolated retina and RPE preparations. Large frogs (650-800 gms) were dark adapted, guillotined and their eyes enucleated in deep ruby light. The eyes were hemisected behind the ora serrata and the anterior portion of the eye removed. The eyecup was bisected along the plane of the optic disc and the two segments of retina peeled away from the RPE and incubated.

Qualitative and quantitative assessment of nailfold capillaries by capillaroscopy in healthy volunteers

VASA ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hoerth ◽  
Kundi ◽  
Katzenschlager ◽  
Hirschl
Keyword(s):  
Scoring System ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Connective Tissue Diseases ◽  
Capillary Density ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Extreme Position ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Diffuse Loss ◽  
Density Results

Background: Nailfold capillaroscopy (NVC) is a diagnostic tool particularly useful in the differential diagnosis of rheumatic and connective tissue diseases. Although successfully applied since many years, little is known about prevalence and distribution of NVC changes in healthy individuals. Probands and methods: NVC was performed in 120 individuals (57 men and 63 women; age 18 to 70 years) randomly selected according to predefined age and sex strata. Diseases associated with NVC changes were excluded. The nailfolds of eight fingers were assessed according to standardized procedures. A scoring system was developed based on the distribution of the number of morphologically deviating capillaries, microhaemorrhages, and capillary density. Results: Only 18 individuals (15 %) had no deviation in morphology, haemorrhages, or capillary density on any finger. Overall 67 % had morphological changes, 48 % had microhaemorrhages, and 40 % of volunteers below 40 years of age and 18 % above age 40 had less than 8 capillaries/mm. Among morphological changes tortous (43 %), ramified (47 %), and bushy capillaries (27 %) were the most frequently altered capillary types. A semiquantitative scoring system was developed in such a way that a score above 1 indicates an extreme position (above the 90th percentile) in the distribution of scores among healthy individuals. Conclusions: Altered capillaries occur frequently among healthy individuals and should be interpreted as normal unless a suspicious increase in their frequency is determined by reference to the scoring system. Megacapillaries and diffuse loss of capillaries were not found and seem to be of specific diagnostic value.

Heparin Cofactor II Deficiency in Patients Infected with the Human Immunodeficiency Virus

1993 ◽  
Vol 70 (05) ◽  
pp. 730-735 ◽  
Author(s):  
P Toulon ◽  
M Lamine ◽  
I Ledjev ◽  
T Guez ◽  
M E Holleman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Absolute Number ◽  
Thrombin Inhibitor ◽  
Unusual Complication ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Heparin Cofactor Ii ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Coagulation Inhibitor ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Cd4 Lymphocytes

SummaryIn human plasma, heparin cofactor II (HCII) is a thrombin inhibitor, whose deficiency has been reported to be associated with recurrent thrombosis. The finding of two cases of low plasma HCII activity in two patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) led us to investigate this coagulation inhibitor in the plasma of a larger population of HIV-infected patients. The mean plasma HCII activity was significantly lower in 96 HIV-infected patients than in 96 age- and sex-matched healthy individuals (0.75 ± 0.24 vs 0.99 ± 0.17 U/ml, p <0.0001). HCII antigen concentration was decreased to the same extent as the activity. The proportion of subjects with HCII deficiency was significantly higher in the HIV-infected group than in healthy individuals (38.5% vs 2.1%). In addition, HCII was significantly lower in AIDS patients than in other HIV-infected patients, classified according to the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) on the basis of an absolute number of circulating CD4+ lymphocytes below 200 x 106/1. The link between HCII and immunodeficiency is further suggested by significant correlations between HCII activity and both the absolute number of CD4+ lymphocytes and the CD4+ to CD8+ lymphocyte ratio. Nevertheless, the mean HCII level was not different in the various groups of patients classified according to clinical criteria, except in CDC IVD patients in whom HCII levels were significantly lower. In addition, no correlation could be demonstrated between HCII and protein S activities, another coagulation inhibitor whose plasma level was also found to be decreased in HIV-infected patients. A similar prevalence of HCII deficiency was also found in a small series of 7 HIV-infected patients who developed thrombotic episodes, an unusual complication of the infection. This suggests that, in HIV-infected patients, HCII deficiency is not in itself the causative factor for the development of thrombosis.

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