Physiological drought resistance mechanisms in wild species vs. rootstocks of almond and plum

Trees ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hadas Gerbi ◽  
Indira Paudel ◽  
Annat Zisovich ◽  
Gal Sapir ◽  
Shifra Ben-Dor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Resistance ◽  
Wild Species ◽  
Resistance Mechanisms

scholarly journals Comparative transcriptome analysis of genes involved in two peanut varieties under drought stress

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chunji Jiang ◽  
Xinlin Li ◽  
Jixiang Zou ◽  
Jingyao Ren ◽  
Chunyi Jin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Resistance ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Stomatal Closure ◽  
Resistance Mechanisms ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Tolerance Mechanism ◽  
Physiological Characterization ◽  
Oil Crops ◽  
Differential Expressed Genes ◽  
Transcriptomic Changes

Abstract Background Peanut is one of the most important world oil crops. Peanut qualities and yields are restricted dramatically by abiotic stresses particularly by drought. Therefore, it would be beneficial to gain a comprehensive understanding on regulatory mechanisms of the peanut genomic transcriptional activities responding to drought, and hopefully extracting peanut molecular drought-resistance mechanisms. Results In this study, two peanut varieties NH5 (resistant) and FH18 (sensitive) which showed significantly differential drought-resistance were screened from twenty-three main commercial peanut cultivars and used for physiological characterization and transcriptomic analysis. NH5 leaves showed higher water and GSH contents, faster stomatal closure and lower relative conductivity (REC) than FH18. Under the time-course of 0 h (CK), 4 h (DT1), 8 h (DT2) and 24 h (DT3), drought-treatments tent to exert repressive impacts on peanut transcriptomes since the number of down-regulated differential expressed genes (DEGs) increased with the progression of treatments in both varieties. Conclusions Nevertheless, NH5 seemed to maintain stabler transcriptomic dynamics than FH18. Furthermore, annotations of identified DEGs implicated that signal transduction, elimination of reactive oxygen species, maintenance of cell osmotic potential were key drought-resistance-related pathways. Last, examination of ABA and SA components suggested that the fast stomata closure in NH5 was likely to be mediated through SA rather than ABA signaling. In all, these results have not only provided us comprehensive pictures of peanut drought transcriptomic changes, but also laid a foundation for further identification of the molecular drought tolerance mechanism in peanut and other oil crops.

Evaluation of drought resistance-related traits in durum wheat somaclonal lines selected in vitro

2004 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 27 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Bajji ◽  
P. Bertin ◽  
S. Lutts ◽  
J-M. Kinet
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Somaclonal Variation ◽  
Drought Resistance ◽  
In Vitro Selection ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Resistance Mechanisms ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Triticum Durum Desf

Somaclonal variation associated with in vitro selection has been used as a source of variability to improve drought resistance of 3 durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.) cultivars (Selbera, Sebou, and Kyperounda). In a previous study, R0 plants with improved drought resistance-related characters were regenerated after selection on culture media containing polyethylene glycol (PEG). This improvement was transmitted to the R1 progeny. The present study analysed the behaviour of the selected tissue culture-derived lines in subsequent R2, R3 and R4�generations. Differences in electrolyte leakage, chlorophyll fluorescence (Fv/Fm), stomatal conductance and days to heading were found between the parental cultivars and most of their in vitro-derived lines. The changes may differ from one cultivar to another. Many promising somaclonal lines still presented improvement for at least 3 of the 4�parameters measured comparatively to initial cultivars. Somaclonal variation thus appears to induce a wide range of modifications among individual components of drought-resistance mechanisms. These improved traits could be valuable if shown to be inherited and to give enhanced agronomic performances in future field studies.

scholarly journals Transcriptional Network Analysis Reveals Drought Resistance Mechanisms of AP2/ERF Transgenic Rice

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongryul Ahn ◽  
Inuk Jung ◽  
Seon-Ju Shin ◽  
Jinwoo Park ◽  
Sungmin Rhee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Network Analysis ◽  
Transgenic Rice ◽  
Drought Resistance ◽  
Resistance Mechanisms ◽  
Transcriptional Network

scholarly journals The Genetic Structure of WildOrobanche cumanaWallr. (Orobanchaceae) Populations in Eastern Bulgaria Reflects Introgressions from Weedy Populations

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rocío Pineda-Martos ◽  
Antonio J. Pujadas-Salvà ◽  
José M. Fernández-Martínez ◽  
Kiril Stoyanov ◽  
Leonardo Velasco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Population Structure ◽  
Wild Species ◽  
Resistance Mechanisms ◽  
Wild Plants ◽  
Gene Pools ◽  
Wild Populations ◽  
Fresh Tissue ◽  
Main Gene ◽  
South Eastern Europe

Orobanche cumanais a holoparasitic plant naturally distributed from central Asia to south-eastern Europe, where it parasitizes wild Asteraceae species. It is also an important parasitic weed of sunflower crops. The objective of this research was to investigate genetic diversity, population structure, and virulence on sunflower ofO. cumanapopulations parasitizing wild plants in eastern Bulgaria. Fresh tissue of eightO. cumanapopulations and mature seeds of four of them were collectedin situon wild hosts. Genetic diversity and population structure were studied with SSR markers and compared to weedy populations. Two main gene pools were identified in Bulgarian populations, with most of the populations having intermediate characteristics. Cross-inoculation experiments revealed thatO. cumanapopulations collected on wild species possessed similar ability to parasitize sunflower to those collected on sunflower. The results were explained on the basis of an effective genetic exchange between populations parasitizing sunflower crops and those parasitizing wild species. The occurrence of bidirectional gene flow may have an impact on wild populations, as new physiological races continuously emerge in weedy populations. Also, genetic variability of wild populations may favour the ability of weedy populations to overcome sunflower resistance mechanisms.

Physiological responses of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) to drought stress and its amelioration: A review

2003 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 205-227 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Y. Reddy ◽  
V. R. Reddy ◽  
V. Anbumozhi
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Drought Resistance ◽  
Nutrient Management ◽  
Rainfall Variability ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Resistance Mechanisms ◽  
Genetic Enhancement ◽  
Quick Recovery ◽  
Improvement Programs

Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is an important cash crop for tropical farmers. It is an annual legume and its seeds contain high amounts of edible oil (43-55%) and protein (25-28%). Even though it is fairly drought-tolerant, production fluctuates considerably as a result of rainfall variability. To develop a water stress response function in groundnut, research has been done to improve the performance under varying degrees of stress at various physiological stages of crop growth. This review summarizes recent information on the drought resistance characteristics of groundnut with a view to developing appropriate genetic enhancement strategies for water-limited environments. It is suggested that there are considerable gains to be made in increasing yield and stabilizing the yield in environments characterized by terminal drought stress and further exploiting drought escape strategy, by shortening crop duration. Many traits conferring dehydration avoidance and dehydration tolerance are available, but integrated traits, expressed at a high level of organization, are likely to be more useful in crop improvement programs. Possible genetic improvement strategies are outlined, ranging from empirical selection for yield in drought environments to a physiological-genetic approach. It is also suggested that in view of recent advances in understanding drought resistance mechanisms, the latter strategy is becoming more feasible. It is concluded that the use of this recently derived knowledge in a systematic manner could lead to significant gains in yield and yield stability in the world's groundnut production. Research is needed to develop transferable technologies to help farmers in arid and semi-arid regions. Increasing soil moisture storage by soil profile management and nutrient management for quick recovery from drought are some of the areas which need to be explored.

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