transgenic rice
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2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasmin V Berchembrock ◽  
Bhuvan Pathak ◽  
Chandan Maurya ◽  
Flavia BS Botelho ◽  
Vibha Srivastava

Overexpression of Arabidopsis Dehydration Response Element Binding 1a (DREB1a) is a well-known approach for developing salinity, cold and/or drought stress tolerance. However, understanding of the genetic mechanisms associated with DREB1a expression in rice is generally limited. In this study, DREB1a associated early responses were investigated in a transgenic rice line harboring cold-inducible DREB1a at a gene stacked locus. While the function of other genes in the stacked locus was not relevant to stress tolerance, this study demonstrates DREB1a can be colocalized with other genes for multigenic trait enhancement. As expected, the transgenic lines displayed improved tolerance to salinity stress and water withholding when compared to non-transgenic controls. RNA sequencing and transcriptome analysis showed upregulation of complex transcriptional networks and metabolic reprogramming as DREB1a expression led to the upregulation of multiple transcription factor gene families, suppression of photosynthesis and induction of secondary metabolism. In addition to the detection of previously described mechanisms such as production of protective molecules, potentially novel pathways were also revealed. These include jasmonate, auxin, and ethylene signaling, induction of JAZ and WRKY regulons, trehalose synthesis and polyamine catabolism. These genes regulate various stress responses and ensure timely attenuation of the stress signal. Furthermore, genes associated with heat stress response were downregulated in DREB1a overexpressing lines, suggesting antagonism between heat and dehydration stress pathways. In summary, through a complex transcriptional network, multiple stress signaling pathways are induced by DREB1a that presumably lead to early perception and rapid response towards stress tolerance as well as attenuation of the signal to prevent deleterious effects of the runoff response.


2022 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 756
Author(s):  
Chengjie Xu ◽  
Mingzhao Luo ◽  
Xianjun Sun ◽  
Jiji Yan ◽  
Huawei Shi ◽  
...  

Salt stress is a major threat to crop quality and yield. Most experiments on salt stress-related genes have been conducted at the laboratory or greenhouse scale. Consequently, there is a lack of research demonstrating the merit of exploring these genes in field crops. Here, we found that the R2R3-MYB transcription factor SiMYB19 from foxtail millet is expressed mainly in the roots and is induced by various abiotic stressors such as salt, drought, low nitrogen, and abscisic acid. SiMYB19 is tentatively localized to the nucleus and activates transcription. It enhances salt tolerance in transgenic rice at the germination and seedling stages. SiMYB19 overexpression increased shoot height, grain yield, and salt tolerance in field- and salt pond-grown transgenic rice. SiMYB19 overexpression promotes abscisic acid (ABA) accumulation in transgenic rice and upregulates the ABA synthesis gene OsNCED3 and the ABA signal transduction pathway-related genes OsPK1 and OsABF2. Thus, SiMYB19 improves salt tolerance in transgenic rice by regulating ABA synthesis and signal transduction. Using rice heterologous expression analysis, the present study introduced a novel candidate gene for improving salt tolerance and increasing yield in crops grown in saline-alkali soil.


Plants ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 139
Author(s):  
Xiaomin Wang ◽  
Rong Wu ◽  
Tongshu Shen ◽  
Zhenan Li ◽  
Chengyong Li ◽  
...  

MYB-type transcription factors play essential regulatory roles in seed germination and the response to seedling establishment stress. This study isolated a rice R2R3-MYB gene, OsMYBAS1, and functionally characterized its role in seed germination by generating transgenic rice plants with the overexpression and knockout of OsMYBAS1. Gene expression analysis suggested that OsMYBAS1 was highly expressed in brown rice and root, respectively. Subcellular localization analysis determined that OsMYBAS1 was localized in the nucleus. No significant differences in seed germination rate were observed among wild-type (WT) and transgenic rice plants at the 0-cm sowing depth. However, when sown at a depth of 4 cm, higher germination rates, root lengths and seedling heights were obtained in OsMYBAS1-overexpressing plants than in WT. Furthermore, the opposite results were recorded between the osmybas1 mutants and WT. Moreover, OsMYBAS1-overexpressing plants significantly enhanced superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzyme activity and suppressed the accumulation of malondialdehyde (MDA) content at the 4-cm sowing depth. These results indicate that the MYB transcription factor OsMYBAS1 may promote rice seed germination and subsequent seedling establishment under deep-sowing conditions. These findings can provide valuable insight into rice seed-quality breeding to facilitate the development of a dry, direct-seeding production system.


2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 501-506
Author(s):  
Kyoungwhan Back ◽  
Dun-Xian Tan ◽  
Russel J Reiter

Global warming is predicted to reduce the yield of rice, which feeds more than half of the world’s population. A rise in temperature will inevitably hamper rice production by causing drought and flooding. Melatonin has the capacity to ameliorate such adverse effects. Here, we propose multiple genetic means of producing melatonin-enriched, high-yield rice variants to adapt upcoming global warming. 


2021 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 723-736
Author(s):  
D.S. Yulita ◽  
B.S. Purwoko ◽  
A. Sisharmini ◽  
A. Apriana ◽  
T.J. Santoso ◽  
...  

Genetic engineering is one of the strategies for developing nitrogen (N)-use-efficient rice (Oryza sativa) varieties. One gene that plays an indirect role in N metabolism is alanine aminotransferase (AlaAT). It can efficiently increase N content and crop yield. In a previous study, the tomato AlaAT gene (LeAlaAT) was successfully isolated and introduced into ‘Mekongga’ rice. The present research was conducted during 2018 and 2019 at the Indonesian Center for Agricultural Biotechnology and Genetic Resources Research and Development (ICABIOGRAD), Bogor, Indonesia. The objectives of the present study were to perform the molecular characterization of LeAlaAT ‘Mekongga’ rice lines on the basis of the hpt marker gene, the direct PCR of the LeAlaAT fragment, and the phenotypic evaluation of the selected LeAlaAT T1 ‘Mekongga’ rice lines in response to different N fertilizer rates (0 kg ha−1 [control] and 60, 90, and 120 kg ha−1). This research involved three activities, namely (1) Southern blot analysis, (2) direct PCR, and (3) N use efficiency (NUE) test of ‘Mekongga’ transgenic lines. Southern blot analysis revealed that in T0 transgenic lines, the copy number of the hpt marker gene varied from 1 to 3. Direct PCR confirmed the presence of the AlaAT fragment in the T1 generation of five ‘Mekongga’ transgenic lines. The five transgenic lines showed high panicle number, biomass weight, shoot dry weight, and total grain weight under 120 kg ha−1 nitrogen. The high agronomical NUE of transgenic lines under 120 kg ha−1 N implied that the transgenic rice lines have the potential for efficient N use at a certain minimum level of N (120 kg ha−1 of nitrogen) and should be further evaluated at high N levels.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marin Tanaka ◽  
Mamoru Keira ◽  
Dong-Kyung Yoon ◽  
Tadahiko Mae ◽  
Hiroyuki Ishida ◽  
...  

Abstract Background: Improvement in photosynthesis is one of the most promising approaches to increase grain yields in crop plants. In our previous research using an isolated experimental paddy field, transgenic rice plants overproducing Rubisco by 30% (RBCS-sense rice plants) showed up to 28% increase in grain yields under sufficient nitrogen (N) fertilization. Furthermore, the plant N contents above-ground sections and Rubisco contents of the flag leaves were higher in the RBCS-sense rice plants than the wild-type rice plants during the ripening period, which may be reasons for the increased yields.Result: In this research, the photosynthetic capacity and canopy architecture were analyzed to explore factors for the increased yields of RBCS-sense rice plants. It was found that N had already been preferentially distributed into the flag leaves at the early ripening stage, contributing to maintaining higher Rubisco content levels in the enlarged flag leaves and extending the lifespan of the flag leaves of RBCS-sense rice plants throughout ripening periods under sufficient N fertilization. The higher amounts of Rubisco also improved the photosynthetic activity in the flag leaves throughout the ripening period. Although the enlarged flag leaves of the RBCS-sense rice plants occupied large spatial areas of the uppermost layer in the canopy, no significant prevention of light penetration to leaves below the flag leaves was observed. Additionally, since the CO2 assimilation rates of lower leaves between wild-type and RBCS-sense rice plants were the same at the early ripening stage, the lower leaves did not contribute to an increase in yields between the two genotypes.Conclusion: It was concluded that improvements in the photosynthetic capacity by higher leaf N and Rubisco contents, enlarged the leaf area, and extended the lifespan of flag leaves, causing an increase in grain yields of RBCS-sense rice plants grown under sufficient N fertilization.


2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 259-271
Author(s):  
Xiao-Xuan Du ◽  
ZhongZe Piao ◽  
Kyung-Min Kim ◽  
Gang-Seob Lee
Keyword(s):  

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 3361
Author(s):  
Waka Ishida ◽  
Tatsuma Kishimoto ◽  
Fumio Takaiwa ◽  
Ken Fukuda

We investigated the prophylactic and therapeutic effects of the oral administration of transgenic rice seeds expressing a hypoallergenic Bet v 1 derivative of allergic birch pollen conjunctivitis in mice. Transgenic rice seed depositing a chimeric molecule called TPC7 (tree pollen chimera 7) created by DNA shuffling of Bet v 1 family sequences from birch, alder and hazel in protein bodies of endosperm was generated. BALB/c mice were sensitized to birch pollen in alum and challenged with pollen in eyedrops. They were fed TPC7 transgenic or non-transgenic (control) rice seeds for 14 d before sensitization (prophylactic protocol) or 17 d after sensitization (therapeutic protocol). The clinical score and number of conjunctival eosinophils were significantly lower in TPC7-fed mice than in the control mice based on both the prophylactic and therapeutic protocols. Serum concentration of allergen-specific IgE did not differ between TPC7-fed and control groups in either protocol. Prophylactic administration of TPC7 downregulated the production of IL-4 and IFN-γ, whereas therapeutic administration of TPC7 upregulated the production of IFN-γ by allergen-stimulated splenocytes. Prophylactic or therapeutic oral administration of transgenic rice expressing TPC7 suppressed birch pollen-induced allergic conjunctivitis in mice. Feeding transgenic rice is a potentially effective approach as an allergen-specific immunotherapy for allergic conjunctivitis.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bo Lv ◽  
Yun-e Tang ◽  
Chao-min Li ◽  
Ou-lin Dai ◽  
Yong Peng ◽  
...  

Abstract Cry1Ab toxin has been effectively integrated into crops such as rice and cotton for pest control, and the safety evaluation of transgenic rice has attracted widespread attention. Nevertheless, the effects of transgenic rice straw on animal model are still unclear. Hence, the present study conducted an integrated analysis to evaluate the unintended effects of transgenic rice straw expressing Cry1Ab protein on the Institute of Cancer Research (ICR) mice under 90-day treatment. The results indicated that Cry1Ab rice straw had no significant effects on the behavior and body weight of mice. In addition, physiological indicators, including hemogram, blood biochemistry, apoptosis rate, and calcium ion concentration of the blood lymphocytes, displayed no alterations under Cry1Ab protein stress. Similarly, Cry1Ab rice straw had no adverse effects on several antioxidase activities (i.e., catalase, superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, glutathione peroxidase, and acetylcholine esterase). Moreover, we recorded that Cry1Ab stress did not adversely impact the sperm quality and follicular development of male and female ICR mice. Collectively, this integrated analysis indicates that Cry1Ab rice straw has no adverse or toxic effects on ICR mice after 90-day treatment and provides multi-level perspectives to assess the safety of genetically modified crops on non-target mammals.


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