Improved space–time sea surface salinity mapping in Western Pacific ocean using contingogram modeling

Abstract. Complex oceanic circulation and air–sea interaction make the eastern tropical Pacific Ocean (ETPO) a highly variable source of CO2 to the atmosphere. Although the scientific community have amassed 70 000 surface partial-pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO2) datapoints within the ETPO region over the past 25 years, the spatial and temporal resolution of this dataset is insufficient to fully quantify the seasonal to inter-annual variability of the region, a region where pCO2 has been observed to fluctuate by >300 μatm. Upwelling and rainfall events dominate the surface physical and chemical characteristics of the ETPO, with both yielding unique signatures in sea surface temperature and salinity. Thus, we explore the potential of using a statistical description of pCO2 within sea-surface salinity-temperature space. These SSS/SST relationships are based on in-situ SOCAT data collected within the ETPO. This statistical description is then applied to high resolution (0.25°) SMOS sea surface salinity and OSTIA sea surface temperature in order to compute regional pCO2. As a result, we are able to resolve pCO2 at sufficiently high resolution to elucidate the influence various physical processes have on the pCO2 of the surface ETPO. Normalised (to 2014) oceanic pCO2 between July 2010 and June 2014 within the entire ETPO was 41 μatm supersaturated with respect to 2014 atmospheric partial pressures. Values of pCO2 within the ETPO were found to be broadly split between southeast and a northwest regions. The north west, central and South Equatorial Current regions were supersaturated, with wintertime wind jet driven upwelling found to be the first order control on pCO2 values. This contrasts with the southeastern/Gulf of Panama region, where heavy rainfall combined with rapid stratification of the upper water-column act to dilute dissolved inorganic carbon, and yield pCO2 values undersaturated with respect to atmospheric partial pressures of CO2.

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Interannual variability of sea surface height difference between western Pacific Ocean and eastern Indian Ocean and its effect to geostrophic current in Lombok Strait

IOP Conference Series Earth and Environmental Science ◽

10.1088/1755-1315/162/1/012016 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 162 ◽

pp. 012016

Author(s):

H A Rejeki ◽

Kunarso ◽

Munasik

Keyword(s):

Pacific Ocean ◽

Indian Ocean ◽

Interannual Variability ◽

Sea Surface Height ◽

Western Pacific ◽

Sea Surface ◽

Eastern Indian Ocean ◽

Western Pacific Ocean ◽

Geostrophic Current ◽

Height Difference

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Spatiotemporal Variability of Remote Sensing Ocean Net Primary Production and Major Forcing Factors in the Tropical Eastern Indian and Western Pacific Ocean

Remote Sensing ◽

10.3390/rs11040391 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (4) ◽

pp. 391 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Fanping Kong ◽

Qing Dong ◽

Kunsheng Xiang ◽

Zi Yin ◽

Yanyan Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Remote Sensing ◽

Pacific Ocean ◽

Indian Ocean ◽

Primary Production ◽

El Nino ◽

Net Primary Production ◽

Western Pacific ◽

Sea Surface ◽

Spatiotemporal Variability ◽

Western Pacific Ocean

Based on widely used remote sensing ocean net primary production (NPP) datasets, the spatiotemporal variability of NPP is first analyzed over the tropical eastern Indian and western Pacific Ocean for the period 1998–2016 using the conventional empirical orthogonal function (EOF), the lead–lag correlation and the ensemble empirical mode decomposition (EEMD) technique. Barnett and Preisendorfer’s improved Canonical Correlation Analysis (BPCCA) is also applied to derive covariability patterns of NPP with major forcing factors of the chlorophyll a concentration (Chla), sea surface temperature (SST), sea level anomaly (SLA), ocean rainfall (Rain), sea surface wind (Wind), and current (CUR) under climate changes of El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD). We find that: (1) The first two seasonal EOF modes capture significant temporal and meridional NPP variability differences, as NPP reaches peaks approximately three months later in the western Pacific Ocean than that of in the eastern Indian Ocean. (2) The second and third interannual EOF modes are closely related with ENSO with a two-month lag and synchronous with IOD, respectively, characterized by southwesterly positive anomaly centers during positive IOD years. (3) NPP presents different varying tendencies and similar multiscale oscillation patterns with interannual and interdecadal cycles of 2~3 years, 5~8 years, and 9~19 years in subregions of the Bay of Bengal, the South China Sea, the southeastern Indian Ocean, and the northwestern Pacific Ocean. (4) The NPP variability is strongly coupled with negative SST, SLA, and Rain anomalies, as well as positive Chla, Wind and CUR anomalies in general during El Niño/positive IOD years. The results reveal the diversity and complexity of large-scale biophysical interactions in the key Indo-Pacific Warm Pool region, which improves our understanding of ocean productivity, ecosystems, and carbon budgets.

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