A new color image encryption technique using DNA computing and Chaos-based substitution box

AbstractIn many cases, images contain sensitive information and patterns that require secure processing to avoid risk. It can be accessed by unauthorized users who can illegally exploit them to threaten the safety of people’s life and property. Protecting the privacies of the images has quickly become one of the biggest obstacles that prevent further exploration of image data. In this paper, we propose a novel privacy-preserving scheme to protect sensitive information within images. The proposed approach combines deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) sequencing code, Arnold transformation (AT), and a chaotic dynamical system to construct an initial S-box. Various tests have been conducted to validate the randomness of this newly constructed S-box. These tests include National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) analysis, histogram analysis (HA), nonlinearity analysis (NL), strict avalanche criterion (SAC), bit independence criterion (BIC), bit independence criterion strict avalanche criterion (BIC-SAC), bit independence criterion nonlinearity (BIC-NL), equiprobable input/output XOR distribution, and linear approximation probability (LP). The proposed scheme possesses higher security wit NL = 103.75, SAC ≈ 0.5 and LP = 0.1560. Other tests such as BIC-SAC and BIC-NL calculated values are 0.4960 and 112.35, respectively. The results show that the proposed scheme has a strong ability to resist many attacks. Furthermore, the achieved results are compared to existing state-of-the-art methods. The comparison results further demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.

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Construction of S-Box Based on Chaotic Map and Algebraic Structures

Symmetry ◽

10.3390/sym11030351 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. 351 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Iqtadar Hussain ◽

Amir Anees ◽

Temadher Al-Maadeed ◽

Muhammad Mustafa

Keyword(s):

Chaotic Map ◽

Logistic Map ◽

Symmetric Encryption ◽

Secret Key ◽

Substitution Box ◽

Differential Approximation ◽

Security Applications ◽

Strict Avalanche Criterion ◽

Main Component ◽

Independence Criterion

The Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) is widely used in different kinds of security applications. The substitution box (S-box) is the main component of many modern symmetric encryption ciphers that provides confusion between the secret key and ciphertext. The S-box component that is used in AES is fixed. If we construct this component dynamically, the encryption strength of AES would be greater than before. In this manuscript, we used chaotic logistic map, Mobius transformation and symmetric group S 256 to construct S-box for AES. The idea behind the proposed work is to make supplementary safe S-box. The presented S-box is analyzed for the following analyses: linear approximation probability (LP), nonlinearity (NL), differential approximation probability (DP), strict avalanche criterion (SAC), and bit independence criterion (BIC). The analyses show that the proposed technique is useful in generating high resistance S-box to known attacks.

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Pencarian File Gambar Berdasarkan Dominasi Warna

Jurnal Buana Informatika ◽

10.24002/jbi.v2i1.303 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Vina Chovan Epifania ◽

Eko Sediyono

Keyword(s):

Digital Image ◽

Retrieval System ◽

Color Image ◽

Color Space ◽

Image Data ◽

Image Search ◽

Test Results ◽

Application Form ◽

Space Model ◽

Image File

Abstract. Image File Searching Based on Color Domination. One characteristic of an image that can be used in image searching process is the composition of the colors. Color is a trait that is easily seen by man in the picture. The use of color as a searching parameter can provide a solution in an easier searching for images stored in computer memory. Color images have RGB values that can be computed and converted into HSL color space model. Use of HSL images model is very easy because it can be calculated using a percent, so that in each pixel of the image can be grouped and named, this can give a dominant values of the colors contained in one image. By obtaining these values, the image search can be done quickly just by using these values to a retrieval system image file. This article discusses the use of the HSL color space model to facilitate the searching for a digital image in the digital image data warehouse. From the test results of the application form, a searching is faster by using the colors specified by the user. Obstacles encountered were still searching with a choice of 15 basic colors available, with a limit of 33% dominance of the color image search was not found. This is due to the dominant color in each image has the most dominant value below 33%.Â Â Keywords: RGB, HSL, image searchingÂ Abstrak. Salah satu ciri gambar yang dapat dipergunakan dalam proses pencarian gambar adalah komposisi warna. Warna adalah ciri yang mudah dilihat oleh manusia dalam citra gambar. Penggunaan warna sebagai parameter pencarian dapat memberikan solusi dalam memudahkan pencarian gambar yang tersimpan dalam memori komputer. Warna gambar memiliki nilai RGB yang dapat dihitung dan dikonversi ke dalam model HSL color space. Penggunaan model gambar HSL sangat mudah karena dapat dihitung dengan menggunakan persen, sehingga dalam setiap piksel gambar dapat dikelompokan dan diberi nama, hal ini dapat memberikan suatu nilai dominan dari warna yang terdapat dalam satu gambar. Dengan diperolehnya nilai tersebut, pencarian gambar dapat dilakukan dengan cepat hanya dengan menggunakan nilai tersebut pada sistem pencarian file gambar. Artikel ini membahas tentang penggunaan model HSL color space untuk mempermudah pencarian suatu gambar digital didalam gudang data gambar digital. Dari hasil uji aplikasi yang sudah dibuat, diperoleh pencarian yang lebih cepat dengan menggunakan pilihan warna yang ditentukan sendiri oleh pengguna. Kendala yang masih dijumpai adalah pencarian dengan pilihan 15 warna dasar yang tersedia, dengan batas dominasi warna 33% tidak ditemukan gambar yang dicari. Hal ini disebabkan warna dominan disetiap gambar kebanyakan memiliki nilai dominan di bawah 33%.Â Kata Kunci: RGB, HSL, pencarian gambar

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Color image analysis for vehicle speed measurement

Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering ◽

10.1139/l93-028 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 20 (2) ◽

pp. 228-235 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Yean-Jye Lu ◽

Xidong Yuan

Keyword(s):

Image Analysis ◽

Traffic Control ◽

Road Traffic ◽

Color Image ◽

Image Data ◽

Difficult Problem ◽

Vehicle Speed ◽

Color Image Analysis ◽

Speed Measurement ◽

Monochrome Image

Image analysis for traffic data collection has been studied throughout the world for more than a decade. A survey of existing systems shows that research was focused mainly on the monochrome image analysis and that the field of color image analysis was rarely studied. With the application of color image analysis in mind, this paper proposes a new algorithm for vehicle speed measurement in daytime. The new algorithm consists of four steps: (i) image input, (ii) pixel analysis, (iii) single image analysis, and (iv) image sequence analysis. It has three significant advantages. First, the algorithm can distinguish the shadows caused by moving vehicles outside the detection area from the actual vehicles passing through the area, which is a difficult problem for the monochrome image analysis technique to handle. Second, the algorithm significantly reduces the image data to be processed; thus only a personal computer is required without the addition of any special hardware. The third advantage is the flexible placement of detection spots at any position in the camera's field of view. The accuracy of the algorithm is also discussed. Key words: speed measurement, vehicle detection, image analysis, image processing, traffic control, traffic measurement and road traffic.

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Crypto-Archaeology: unearthing design methodology of DES s-boxes

10.7287/peerj.preprints.3285v1 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Sankhanil Dey ◽

Ranjan Ghosh

Keyword(s):

Boolean Function ◽

Boolean Functions ◽

Design Methodology ◽

Block Cipher ◽

Block Ciphers ◽

Public Domain ◽

Differential Cryptanalysis ◽

Linear Cryptanalysis ◽

Strict Avalanche Criterion ◽

Independence Criterion

US defence sponsored the DES program in 1974 and released it in 1977. It remained as a well-known and well accepted block cipher until 1998. Thirty-two 4-bit DES S-Boxes are grouped in eight each with four and are put in public domain without any mention of their design methodology. S-Boxes, 4-bit, 8-bit or 32-bit, find a permanent seat in all future block ciphers. In this paper, while looking into the design methodology of DES S-Boxes, we find that S-Boxes have 128 balanced and non-linear Boolean Functions, of which 102 used once, while 13 used twice and 92 of 102 satisfy the Boolean Function-level Strict Avalanche Criterion. All the S-Boxes satisfy the Bit Independence Criterion. Their Differential Cryptanalysis exhibits better results than the Linear Cryptanalysis. However, no S-Boxes satisfy the S-Box-level SAC analyses. It seems that the designer emphasized satisfaction of Boolean-Function-level SAC and S-Box-level BIC and DC, not the S-Box-level LC and SAC.

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A novel enhanced quantum image representation based on bit-planes for log-polar coordinates

Quantum Information and Computation ◽

10.26421/qic22.1-2-2 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 22 (1&2) ◽

pp. 17-37

Author(s):

Xiao Chen ◽

Zhihao Liu ◽

Hanwu Chen ◽

Liang Wang

Keyword(s):

Color Image ◽

Image Representation ◽

Polar Coordinates ◽

Quantum Cost ◽

Color Information ◽

Simulation Experiments ◽

Quantum Image ◽

Comparison Results ◽

Bit Planes ◽

Quantum Image Representation

Quantum image representation has a significant impact in quantum image processing. In this paper, a bit-plane representation for log-polar quantum images (BRLQI) is proposed, which utilizes $(n+4)$ or $(n+6)$ qubits to store and process a grayscale or RGB color image of $2^n$ pixels. Compared to a quantum log-polar image (QUALPI), the storage capacity of BRLQI improves 16 times. Moreover, several quantum operations based on BRLQI are proposed, including color information complement operation, bit-planes reversing operation, bit-planes translation operation and conditional exchange operations between bit-planes. Combining the above operations, we designed an image scrambling circuit suitable for the BRLQI model. Furthermore, comparison results of the scrambling circuits indicate that those operations based on BRLQI have a lower quantum cost than QUALPI. In addition, simulation experiments illustrate that the proposed scrambling algorithm is effective and efficient.

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Optical color image encryption based on Hadamard single-pixel imaging and Arnold transformation

Optics and Lasers in Engineering ◽

10.1016/j.optlaseng.2020.106392 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 137 ◽

pp. 106392

Author(s):

Gang Qu ◽

Xiangfeng Meng ◽

Yongkai Yin ◽

Huazheng Wu ◽

Xiulun Yang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Image Encryption ◽

Color Image ◽

Color Image Encryption ◽

Optical Color ◽

Arnold Transformation ◽

Single Pixel

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Enhancement of color image data captured using single chip CCD arrays

10.1117/12.234733 ◽

1996 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Barbara E. Schmitz ◽

Robert L. Stevenson

Keyword(s):

Color Image ◽

Image Data ◽

Single Chip ◽

Ccd Arrays

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Fusion on Citrus Image Data from Cold Mirror Acquisition System

International Journal of Computer Vision and Image Processing ◽

10.4018/ijcvip.2012100102 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 2 (4) ◽

pp. 11-24 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Peilin Li ◽

Sang-Heon Lee ◽

Hung-Yao Hsu

Keyword(s):

Near Infrared ◽

Color Image ◽

Infrared Image ◽

Image Data ◽

Acquisition System ◽

Support Vector ◽

Self Organizing Map ◽

Visible Image ◽

Low Pass ◽

Low Dimensional

In this paper, an image fusion is presented to improve the citrus identification by filtering the incoming data from two cameras. The citrus image data has been photographed by using a portable bi-camera cold mirror acquisition system. The prototype of the customized fixture has been manufactured to position and align a classical cold mirror with two CCD cameras in relative kinematic position. The algorithmic registration on the pairwise images has been bypassed by both the spatial alignment of two cameras with recourse of software calibration and the triggering synchronization in temporal during the photographing. The pairwise frames have been fused by using the Daubechies wavelets decomposition filters. The pixel level fusion index rule is proposed to combine the low pass coefficients of the visible image and the low pass coefficients of the near-infrared image convoluted by the complementary of entropy filter from the visible low pass coefficients. In the study, the fused artifact color image and the non-fused color image have been processed and compared by some classification methods such as low dimensional projection, self-organizing map and the support vector machine.

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Evolving Dynamic S-Boxes Using Fractional-Order Hopfield Neural Network Based Scheme

Entropy ◽

10.3390/e22070717 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 22 (7) ◽

pp. 717 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Musheer Ahmad ◽

Eesa Al-Solami

Keyword(s):

Neural Network ◽

Fractional Order ◽

Hopfield Neural Network ◽

Performance Assessments ◽

Comparison Analysis ◽

Differential Uniformity ◽

High Nonlinearity ◽

Substitution Boxes ◽

Strict Avalanche Criterion ◽

Independence Criterion

Static substitution-boxes in fixed structured block ciphers may make the system vulnerable to cryptanalysis. However, key-dependent dynamic substitution-boxes (S-boxes) assume to improve the security and robustness of the whole cryptosystem. This paper proposes to present the construction of key-dependent dynamic S-boxes having high nonlinearity. The proposed scheme involves the evolution of initially generated S-box for improved nonlinearity based on the fractional-order time-delayed Hopfield neural network. The cryptographic performance of the evolved S-box is assessed by using standard security parameters, including nonlinearity, strict avalanche criterion, bits independence criterion, differential uniformity, linear approximation probability, etc. The proposed scheme is able to evolve an S-box having mean nonlinearity of 111.25, strict avalanche criteria value of 0.5007, and differential uniformity of 10. The performance assessments demonstrate that the proposed scheme and S-box have excellent features, and are thus capable of offering high nonlinearity in the cryptosystem. The comparison analysis further confirms the improved security features of anticipated scheme and S-box, as compared to many existing chaos-based and other S-boxes.

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