Invasive warm-season grasses reduce mycorrhizal root colonization and biomass production of native prairie grasses

Mycorrhiza ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 327-336 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gail W. T. Wilson ◽  
Karen R. Hickman ◽  
Melinda M. Williamson
Keyword(s):  
Biomass Production ◽  
Root Colonization ◽  
Warm Season ◽  
Mycorrhizal Root ◽  
Native Prairie ◽  
Prairie Grasses ◽  
Warm Season Grasses

Differential responses of C3 and C4 grasses to mycorrhizal symbiosis, phosphorus fertilization, and soil microorganisms

1990 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 461-467 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. A. D. Hetrick ◽  
G. W. T. Wilson ◽  
T. C. Todd
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Inverse Relationship ◽  
Soil Microorganisms ◽  
Root Colonization ◽  
Warm Season ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
P Fertilization ◽  
Cool Season ◽  
Mycorrhizal Root ◽  
Warm Season Grasses

The responses of five C4, warm-season and five C3, cool-season tallgrass prairie grasses to phosphorus (P) fertilization, mycorrhizae, and soil microorganisms were compared in greenhouse studies. The warm-season grasses responded positively to mycorrhizae or to P fertilization, but mycorrhizal plants did not respond to P. The soil microflora reduced mycorrhizal plant dry weight and root colonization. In contrast, cool-season grasses did not respond to mycorrhizae or P fertilization. Soil microorganisms did not suppress cool-season plant growth, but root colonization was reduced in nonsterile soil. For the warm-season grasses there was an inverse relationship between mycorrhizal root colonization and P fertilization and a positive relationship between root colonization and plant dry weight. For the cool-season grasses there was also an inverse relationship between root colonization and P fertilization, but the relationship between root colonization and plant dry weight was negative. In both the warm-season and cool-season grasses, low levels of mycorrhizal root colonization persisted even when P fertilization was sufficient to eliminate mycorrhizal effects on plant growth. Thus, warm- and cool-season grasses display profoundly different strategies for nutrient acquisition. Key words: cool-season grasses, warm-season grasses, vesicular–arbuscular mycorrhizae.

Seasonal and temperature effects on mycorrhizal activity and dependence of cool- and warm-season tallgrass prairie grasses

1992 ◽  
Vol 70 (8) ◽  
pp. 1596-1602 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. P. Bentivenga ◽  
B. A. D. Hetrick
Keyword(s):  
Tallgrass Prairie ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Warm Season ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Cool Temperature ◽  
Cool Season ◽  
Fungal Activity ◽  
Prairie Grasses ◽  
Vesicular Arbuscular ◽  
Warm Season Grasses

Previous research on North American tallgrass prairie grasses has shown that warm-season grasses rely heavily on vesicular–arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis, while cool-season grasses are less dependent on the symbiosis (i.e., receive less benefit). This led to the hypothesis that cool-season grasses are less dependent on the symbiosis, because the growth of these plants occurs when mycorrhizal fungi are inactive. Field studies were performed to assess the effect of phenology of cool- and warm-season grasses on mycorrhizal fungal activity and fungal species composition. Mycorrhizal fungal activity in field samples was assessed using the vital stain nitro blue tetrazolium in addition to traditional staining techniques. Mycorrhizal activity was greater in cool-season grasses than in warm-season grasses early (April and May) and late (December) in the growing season, while mycorrhizal activity in roots of the warm-season grasses was greater (compared with cool-season grasses) in midseason (July and August). Active mycorrhizal colonization was relatively high in both groups of grasses late in the growing season, suggesting that mycorrhizal fungi may proliferate internally or may be parasitic at this time. Total Glomales sporulation was generally greater in the rhizosphere of cool-season grasses in June and in the rhizosphere of the warm-season grasses in October. A growth chamber experiment was conducted to examine the effect of temperature on mycorrhizal dependence of cool- and warm-season grasses. For both groups of grasses, mycorrhizal dependence was greatest at the temperature that favored growth of the host. The results suggest that mycorrhizal fungi are active in roots when cool-season grasses are growing and that cool-season grasses may receive benefit from the symbiosis under relatively cool temperature regimes. Key words: cool-season grasses, tallgrass prairie, vesicular–arbuscular mycorrhizae, warm-season grasses.

scholarly journals Management of native warm-season grasses for beef cattle and biomass production in the Mid-South USA1

2017 ◽  
Vol 95 (7) ◽  
pp. 3143-3153 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. M. Backus ◽  
J. C. Waller ◽  
G. E Bates ◽  
C. A. Harper ◽  
A. Saxton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Biomass Production ◽  
Warm Season ◽  
Warm Season Grasses

Profitability of Beef and Biomass Production from Native Warm-Season Grasses in Tennessee

2015 ◽  
Vol 107 (5) ◽  
pp. 1733-1740 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joe K. Lowe ◽  
Christopher N. Boyer ◽  
Andrew P. Griffith ◽  
Gary E. Bates ◽  
Patrick D. Keyser ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biomass Production ◽  
Warm Season ◽  
Warm Season Grasses

Biomass Production by Warm-Season Grasses as Affected by Nitrogen Application in Ontario

2014 ◽  
Vol 106 (2) ◽  
pp. 416-422 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Tubeileh ◽  
T. J. Rennie ◽  
A. Kerr ◽  
A. A. Saita ◽  
C. Patanè
Keyword(s):  
Biomass Production ◽  
Warm Season ◽  
Nitrogen Application ◽  
Warm Season Grasses

Management of native warm-season grasses for beef cattle and biomass production in the Mid-South USA

2017 ◽  
Vol 95 (7) ◽  
pp. 3143
Author(s):  
W. M. Backus ◽  
J. C. Waller ◽  
G. E Bates ◽  
C. A. Harper ◽  
A. Saxton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Biomass Production ◽  
Warm Season ◽  
Warm Season Grasses

Evaluation of selected warm-season grasses for biomass production in areas with a short growing season

1998 ◽  
Vol 65 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
I.C. Madakadze ◽  
B.E. Coulman ◽  
A.R. Mcelroy ◽  
K.A. Stewart ◽  
D.L. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Biomass Production ◽  
Warm Season ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Short Growing Season ◽  
Warm Season Grasses
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