Meiosis and pollen germinability in small-flowered anemone type chrysanthemum cultivars

Abstract Assessing pollen germination is fundamental to investigating infertility in plants. A potential cause of poor seed production in Florigraze (Arachis glabrata Benth.), rhizomatous peanut, was investigated by incubating pollen on in vitro germination media. The optimum sucrose and boron concentrations for pollen germination was delineated in a series of factorial experiments. Pollen germinability was assessed four times during the growing season. Flowers were collected at 2 h intervals spanning 30 h of development from bud to wilted flower. The optimum sucrose concentration was 100 g kg-1 but there were no differences in germination for B concentrations between 50 and 1,000 mg kg-1. Up to 78% pollen germination was obtained in a solution consisting of 100 g kg-1 sucrose, 100 mg kg-1 H3BO3, 250 mg kg-1 Ca(NO3)2·4H2O, 200 mg kg-1 MgSO4·7H2O and 100 mg kg-1 KNO3 in deionized water. Repeatable estimates of germinability were obtained in incubations of less than 30 min at 35 C. Florigraze pollen collected from developing buds as early as 2200 h the night before anthesis germinated in vitro. Peak germination extended from 2400 h to 1200 h the morning of anthesis. Under cool, dry conditions, the pollen collected 2 d after anthesis remained germinable. These results suggested poor pollen germinability was not the basis of low seed production in rhizomatous peanut. Pollen with high in vitro germination can dependably be collected from Florigraze flowers throughout the growing season during the first 6 h following anthesis, usually between sunrise to noon.

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Factors Influencing Cross Barriers in Interspecific Hybridizations of Water Lily

Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science ◽

10.21273/jashs04302-17 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 143 (2) ◽

pp. 130-135 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Chunqing Sun ◽

Zhihu Ma ◽

Zhenchao Zhang ◽

Guosheng Sun ◽

Zhongliang Dai

Keyword(s):

Pollen Viability ◽

Pollen Grains ◽

Endosperm Development ◽

The Self ◽

Water Lily ◽

Tropical Water ◽

Factors Influencing ◽

Pollen Germinability ◽

Germinated Pollen ◽

Nymphaea Odorata

In interspecific hybridizations of water lily (Nymphaea), the existence of cross barriers makes it difficult to obtain hybrids and seriously influences the utilization of admirable characters from tropical water lilies. To determine the causes, pollen viability, pistil receptivity, and embryo and endosperm development were investigated in three water lily crosses, including Nymphaea odorata ‘Peter Slocum’ × Nymphaea micranthar (PM), ‘Peter Slocum’ × Nymphaea gigantea (PH), and ‘Peter Slocum’ × Nymphaea colorata (PC). The results indicated that the viability of pollen grains was 17.3% for ‘Peter Slocum’, 19.3% for N. colorata, 10.3% for N. micrantha, and 17.6% for N. gigantea. In the self-pollinated ‘Peter Slocum’, the number of germinated pollen grains on stigmas peaked at 12 hours after pollination (HAP), indicating its good pollen germinability. However, only a few pollen grains germinating on the sigma between 2 and 24 HAP in the crosses of PM, PH, and PC. In addition, a high percentage (81.2%) of normal embryos developed to different stages within 20 d after pollination in the self-pollinated ‘Peter Slocum’. But only 3.5% and 3.7% of normal globular embryos were observed in the PC and PM combinations, respectively. Moreover, no normal embryos were observed in the PH cross. At the same time, no seeds were obtained in PM, PC, and PH crosses. The results suggest that prefertilization barriers existed in the PH cross, whereas pre- and postfertilization barriers existed together in the PC and PM crosses. These may be the main causes resulting in the failure of interspecific hybridizations in water lily.

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A STUDY ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN POLLEN GERMINABILITY AND SOME OF ITS ELEMENTS IN ALMOND

Acta Horticulturae ◽

10.17660/actahortic.2006.726.64 ◽

2006 ◽

pp. 399-402

Author(s):

A. Imani ◽

A.R. Talaie

Keyword(s):

Pollen Germinability ◽

The Relationship

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Floral Competence of Primocane-fruiting Blackberries Prime-Jan and Prime-Jim Grown at Three Temperature Regimens

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.42.3.508 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 42 (3) ◽

pp. 508-513 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Michele A. Stanton ◽

Joseph C. Scheerens ◽

Richard C. Funt ◽

John R. Clark

Keyword(s):

Adaptive Response ◽

Yield Potential ◽

Male Sterile ◽

Stigma Receptivity ◽

Increased Temperature ◽

Tapetal Cells ◽

Pollen Germinability ◽

Chamber Temperature ◽

Useful Life

We investigated the responses of staminate and pistillate floral components of Prime-Jan and Prime-Jim primocane-fruiting blackberry (Rubus L. subgenus Rubus Watson) to three different growth chamber temperature regimens, 35.0/23.9 °C (HT), 29.4/18.3 °C (MT), and 23.9/12.8 °C (LT). Temperature was negatively related to flower size, and morphologically abnormal floral structures were evident in 41% and 98% of the MT- and HT-grown plants, respectively. Anthers of LT- and MT-grown plants dehisced. The viability of pollen (as deduced through staining) from Prime-Jan grown at LT or MT exceeded 70%, whereas that of Prime-Jim pollen was significantly reduced (<40%) by the MT regimen. In vitro pollen germinability (typically <50%) was negatively influenced by temperature but was unaffected by cultivar. Pollen useful life was diminished under HT conditions; LT-grown pollen held at 23.9 °C retained 63% of its original germinability over a 32-h period, while the germinability of that held at 35.0 °C for 16 hours decreased by 97%. Virtually all flowers cultured under HT conditions were male sterile, exhibiting structural or sporogenous class abnormalities including petaloidy and malformation of tapetal cells or microspores; HT anthers that were present, failed to dehisce. Stigma receptivity, pistil density, and drupelet set were also negatively influenced by increased temperature; values for these parameters of floral competency among control plants were reduced by 51%, 39%, and 76%, respectively, in flowers cultured under HT conditions. In this study, flowering and fruiting parameters, and presumably the yield potential of Prime-Jan and Prime-Jim, were adversely affected by increased temperature. However, their adaptive response to heat stress under field conditions awaits assessment.

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A New Concept in Assessing Cotton Pollen Germinability 1

Crop Science ◽

10.2135/cropsci1981.0011183x002100030022x ◽

1981 ◽

Vol 21 (3) ◽

pp. 441-443 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Jerry R. Barrow

Keyword(s):

Pollen Germinability

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Germination of pollen of the dwarf mistletoe Arceuthobium americanum

Canadian Journal of Botany ◽

10.1139/b91-092 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 69 (3) ◽

pp. 685-688 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Jeannie Gilbert ◽

David Punter

Keyword(s):

Key Words ◽

Pollen Germination ◽

Pinus Banksiana ◽

Optimum Temperature ◽

Dwarf Mistletoe ◽

In Vitro Pollen Germination ◽

Arceuthobium Americanum ◽

Pollen Germinability ◽

Germination Of Pollen

Pollen of Arceuthobium americanum Nuttall ex Engelmann, a parasitic dwarf mistletoe of Pinus banksiana Lamb, in Manitoba, was germinated on media containing a range of concentrations of sucrose and salts. Highest germination levels occurred on 20% sucrose agar; addition of salts significantly depressed germination. Pollen germinability was below 5% at first but increased to near 50% as the season advanced. Mean germination differed significantly between flowers from 10 staminate plants but peaked at approximately the same times in association with increasing temperatures. Freezing night temperatures were followed by reduced germinability. The optimum temperature for in vitro pollen germination is close to 30 °C, whereas 40 °C impairs germination. Key words: parasitic angiosperms, microclimate, jack pine, reproductive biology.

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