scholarly journals Factors Influencing Cross Barriers in Interspecific Hybridizations of Water Lily

2018 ◽  
Vol 143 (2) ◽  
pp. 130-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chunqing Sun ◽  
Zhihu Ma ◽  
Zhenchao Zhang ◽  
Guosheng Sun ◽  
Zhongliang Dai
Keyword(s):  
Pollen Viability ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Endosperm Development ◽  
The Self ◽  
Water Lily ◽  
Tropical Water ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Pollen Germinability ◽  
Germinated Pollen ◽  
Nymphaea Odorata

In interspecific hybridizations of water lily (Nymphaea), the existence of cross barriers makes it difficult to obtain hybrids and seriously influences the utilization of admirable characters from tropical water lilies. To determine the causes, pollen viability, pistil receptivity, and embryo and endosperm development were investigated in three water lily crosses, including Nymphaea odorata ‘Peter Slocum’ × Nymphaea micranthar (PM), ‘Peter Slocum’ × Nymphaea gigantea (PH), and ‘Peter Slocum’ × Nymphaea colorata (PC). The results indicated that the viability of pollen grains was 17.3% for ‘Peter Slocum’, 19.3% for N. colorata, 10.3% for N. micrantha, and 17.6% for N. gigantea. In the self-pollinated ‘Peter Slocum’, the number of germinated pollen grains on stigmas peaked at 12 hours after pollination (HAP), indicating its good pollen germinability. However, only a few pollen grains germinating on the sigma between 2 and 24 HAP in the crosses of PM, PH, and PC. In addition, a high percentage (81.2%) of normal embryos developed to different stages within 20 d after pollination in the self-pollinated ‘Peter Slocum’. But only 3.5% and 3.7% of normal globular embryos were observed in the PC and PM combinations, respectively. Moreover, no normal embryos were observed in the PH cross. At the same time, no seeds were obtained in PM, PC, and PH crosses. The results suggest that prefertilization barriers existed in the PH cross, whereas pre- and postfertilization barriers existed together in the PC and PM crosses. These may be the main causes resulting in the failure of interspecific hybridizations in water lily.

scholarly journals Biology of Flowering, Fruit and Viability of Pollen of Varieties and Forms of Quince Cultivated on the Territory of the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 64-69
Author(s):  
L. Bayramov
Keyword(s):  
Pollen Fertility ◽  
Pollen Germination ◽  
Glucose Solution ◽  
Pollen Viability ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Water Control ◽  
Germinated Pollen ◽  
Autonomous Republic

Abstract. The zones of distribution of varieties and forms of quince on the territory of the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic have been established, phenological observations have been carried out, their flowering and fruiting have been studied. On the territory of the Autonomous Republic, flowering of varieties and forms of quince begins in the second decade of April, depending on the distribution zone, with an average daily temperature of 12–13 °C and lasts 12–13 days, depending on weather conditions. Each flower has 10–12 stamens arranged in one row. The article also studied the viability of pollen in a number of quince varieties. Pollen viability was studied in the varieties Sary, Tursh, Ordubad, Gara and wild forms. Pollen fertility was determined by staining with acetocarmine. Pollen germinates in 2–5–10–15 and 20% glucose solution. Counting of germinated pollen grains was carried out under a microscope. The study showed that of all the experimental varieties, the pollen fertility of the Sary quince and Tursh quince varieties is high (up to 96.6–97.1%). The best medium for the germination of quince pollen is a 10–15% glucose solution. Pollen germination in this solution reaches 47.4–88.0%. In distilled water (control), the germination of quince pollen reached from 9.7% to 35.6% for varieties. Quince pollen remains viable for 31–43 days.

scholarly journals Cellular Mechanisms of Reproductive Barriers in Some Crosses of Water Lily (Nymphaea spp.) Cultivars

HortScience ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chun-Qing Sun ◽  
Zhi-Hu Ma ◽  
Guo-Sheng Sun ◽  
Zhong-Liang Dai ◽  
Nian-jun Teng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Set ◽  
Pollen Viability ◽  
Paraffin Section ◽  
Endosperm Development ◽  
Reproductive Barriers ◽  
Cellular Mechanisms ◽  
Embryo Abortion ◽  
Water Lily ◽  
Normal Morphology ◽  
Breeding Efficiency

Reproductive barriers exist in some water lily crosses that result in low seed set and low breeding efficiency. We investigated pollen morphology, pollen viability, microspore development, pistil receptivity, and embryo and endosperm development in six water lily crosses using paraffin section as well as light and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) techniques. The results indicated that the percentage of pollen with normal morphology ranged from 8.9% to 55.2%. The pollen viabilities of ‘Fen Zhuang’, ‘Bai Lu’, and ‘Hong Ying’ were 33.9%, 3.3%, and 20.7%, respectively. Stigmatic pollen germination peaked at 12 h after pollination and varied from 0.3 to 65.7 grains per stigma among the crosses. The production of embryos with normal morphology ranged from 0% to 43.6% at 5 days after pollination, from 0% to 31.4% at 15 days after pollination, and from 0% to 19.7% by 20 days after pollination. The seed sets of the six crosses were from 0% to 10.9%. Our results suggest that the low seed set in some crosses is the result of low pollen viability, low pistil receptivity, and embryo abortion.

scholarly journals ОСОБЕННОСТИ РАЗВИТИЯ МУЖСКОГО ГАМЕТОФИТА СОСНЫ ОБЫКНОВЕННОЙ PINUS SILVESTRIS L. В УСЛОВИЯХ ГОРОДСКОЙ СРЕДЫ

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (01) ◽  
pp. 390-408
Author(s):  
L.P. Khlebova ◽  
O.V. Bychkova
Keyword(s):  
Urban Environment ◽  
Male Gametophyte ◽  
Pollen Viability ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Pollen Tubes ◽  
Biological Indicator ◽  
Histochemical Staining ◽  
Pinus Silvestris ◽  
Germinated Pollen

<p>The peculiarities of the development of the male gametophyte of Pinus silvestris L. in the urban environment were studied. Quality of pollen was evaluated by laboratory experiments through germination at the nutrient medium and by histochemical staining to determine the presence of redox enzymes. It was shown that pollen viability is closely linked to climatic and weather conditions during the period of microsporogenesis and mass pollination. Atmospheric pollution affected the pollen significantly. Low temperatures and high humidity in the background of the weak capacity of self-purification of the atmosphere led to a reduction of the potential pollen viability. The ability of the pollen grains to germinate was reduced, the number of abnormal pollen tubes was increased, and the proportion of cells containing active peroxidase was decreased. We revealed a close positive correlation between the frequency of germinated pollen grains and the presence of active peroxidase, as well as a negative correlation between the percentage of colored pollen and the frequency of pollen tube anomalies, which confirmed the role of peroxidase activity not only in the induction of pollen germination, but also the formation of pollen tubes.<br />A ranking of the urban territory on the strength of unfavorable environmental factors has been carried out. The reaction of male gametophyte of pine allowed us to consider it as a biological indicator of unfavorable ecological situation in the urban environment.</p>

scholarly journals Embryology and cytogenetics of Eupatorium pauciflorum and E. intermedium (Compositae)

1998 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 507-514 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maristela Sanches Bertasso-Borges ◽  
James Robert Coleman
Keyword(s):  
Embryo Sac ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Endosperm Development ◽  
Egg Cell ◽  
Pollen Production ◽  
Polygonum Type ◽  
Total Absence ◽  
Basic Set ◽  
Autonomous Endosperm ◽  
Germinated Pollen

The embryology of Eupatorium pauciflorum indicates diplospory with autonomous endosperm development. The embryo sac is of the polygonum type and the polar nuclei mostly fuse before anthesis. The occurrence of precocious embryo and endosperm development in unopened florets, and the total absence of germinated pollen grains on exposed stigmas, as well as the absence of pollen tubes in the ovules, indicate agamospermy to be obligate and embryo and endosperm development autonomous. The study of microsporogenesis revealed the total absence of pollen production in consequence of microsporocyte degeneration before the onset of meiosis, which resulted in absolute male sterility. E. pauciflorum was demonstrated to be an autotriploid with a basic set of 10 chromosomes, each represented three times. Embryological studies showed E. intermedium to undergo reductive meiosis with tetrad formation during megasporogenesis, followed by monosporic embryo sac development of the polygonum type. The polar nuclei fuse before anthesis. The egg cell invariably attains anthesis still undivided, without precocious embryony. Meiosis of microsporogenesis results in the regular formation of 10 bivalents and the subsequent stages of microsporogenesis are normal. Stigmatic loads indicate the regular occurrence of pollination with viable, functional grains. Karyotypic studies revealed a complement of 20 chromosomes separable into 10 pairs. It is concluded that E. pauciflorum, as represented by the material studied, is apomictic while E. intermedium is sexual.

scholarly journals Pollen Germination in Different Genotypes of Gladiolus

1970 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 47-50
Author(s):  
Tul Bahadur Poon ◽  
TM Rao ◽  
C Aswath ◽  
PE Rajasekharan ◽  
DP Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Boric Acid ◽  
Magnesium Sulphate ◽  
Pollen Germination ◽  
Pollen Viability ◽  
Calcium Nitrate ◽  
Potassium Nitrate ◽  
Hybrid Selection ◽  
Fresh Pollen ◽  
Sterile Pollen ◽  
Germinated Pollen

Fresh pollen of 16 promising genotypes of gladiolus was tested for their pollen viability. Modified cellophane method was employed to assess the pollen viability. Pollen germination media consisted of 15% sucrose supplemented with 300 ppm calcium nitrate, 200 ppm magnesium sulphate, 100 ppm potassium nitrate and 100 ppm boric acid. Highly significant variations were observed for percentage of pollen germination, non-germinated pollen and sterile pollen. The highest pollen germination (76.41%) was in genotype Hybrid selection 88-10-22, and did not differ significantly from Gladiolus callianthus (75.41%), Sapna (75.10 %), Hybrid selection 86-32-11, (73.28 %), Kum Kum (69.41%), Poonam (69.22 %), Hybrid selection 87-22-1 (67.87 %), Hybrid selection 87-1-1 (67.61 %), Psittacinus hybrid (64.64%) and Darshan (63.97%). The lowest non- germinated pollen (10.47%) was in genotype Gladiolus callianthus, and insignificantly followed by Hybrid selection 88-10-22 with 18.77 % and Hybrid selection 87-22-1 with 18.95 %. The lowest percentage of sterile pollen was noticed in genotype Sapna (2.82%) followed by Poonam with 4.00 % Hybrid selection 88-10-22 with 4.82% and Hybrid selection 82-11-27 with 5.22%. Key words: Gladiolus; germination; pollen DOI: 10.3126/njst.v11i0.4089Nepal Journal of Science and Technology 11 (2010) 47-50

scholarly journals A Duplicated Copy of the Meiotic Gene ZIP4 Preserves up to 50% Pollen Viability and Grain Number in Polyploid Wheat

Biology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 290
Author(s):  
Abdul Kader Alabdullah ◽  
Graham Moore ◽  
Azahara C. Martín
Keyword(s):  
Pollen Viability ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Wheat Chromosome ◽  
Grain Number ◽  
Meiotic Gene ◽  
Chromosome 5B ◽  
Mutant Pollen ◽  
Female Gametogenesis ◽  
Chromosome 3B

Although most flowering plants are polyploid, little is known of how the meiotic process evolves after polyploidisation to stabilise and preserve fertility. On wheat polyploidisation, the major meiotic gene ZIP4 on chromosome 3B duplicated onto 5B and diverged (TaZIP4-B2). TaZIP4-B2 was recently shown to promote homologous pairing, synapsis and crossover, and suppress homoeologous crossover. We therefore suspected that these meiotic stabilising effects could be important for preserving wheat fertility. A CRISPR Tazip4-B2 mutant was exploited to assess the contribution of the 5B duplicated ZIP4 copy in maintaining pollen viability and grain setting. Analysis demonstrated abnormalities in 56% of meiocytes in the Tazip4-B2 mutant, with micronuclei in 50% of tetrads, reduced size in 48% of pollen grains and a near 50% reduction in grain number. Further studies showed that most of the reduced grain number occurred when Tazip4-B2 mutant plants were pollinated with the less viable Tazip4-B2 mutant pollen rather than with wild type pollen, suggesting that the stabilising effect of TaZIP4-B2 on meiosis has a greater consequence in subsequent male, rather than female gametogenesis. These studies reveal the extraordinary value of the wheat chromosome 5B TaZIP4-B2 duplication to agriculture and human nutrition. Future studies should further investigate the role of TaZIP4-B2 on female fertility and assess whether different TaZIP4-B2 alleles exhibit variable effects on meiotic stabilisation and/or resistance to temperature change.

scholarly journals Molecular breeding of water lily: engineering cold stress tolerance into tropical water lily

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cuiwei Yu ◽  
Guirong Qiao ◽  
Wenmin Qiu ◽  
Dongbei Yu ◽  
Shirong Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cold Stress ◽  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Molecular Breeding ◽  
Water Lily ◽  
Tropical Water

The formation of the tryphine coating the pollen grains of Raphanus , and its properties relating to the self-incompatibility system

1973 ◽  
Vol 184 (1075) ◽  
pp. 149-165 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Granular Material ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
The Self ◽  
Self Incompatibility ◽  
Pollen Maturation ◽  
Incompatible Pollen ◽  
Incompatibility System ◽  
Two Stages ◽  
Stimulation Of ◽  
Incompatible Pollen Tube

The tryphine that coats the pollen grains of Raphanus is tapetally synthesized and is composed of a fibro-granular and a lipidic component. The fibro-granular material is proteinaceous and is secreted by cisternae of the endoplasmic reticulum. The lipidic component is derived, mainly, from degraded elaioplasts. The fibro-granular material is applied to the pollen exine first, followed by the lipidic mass. The tryphine condenses during the final stages of pollen maturation and dries down to form a thick, highly viscous coating. The major part of the condensation appears to result from dehydration. The tryphine, extracted from the pollen by a centrifugal method and mounted in a membrane, appears to be capable of penetrating the outer layers of a stigma of the same species and, if the pollen from which it was derived is incompatible with respect to the stigma, the stimulation of the production of the callosic reaction body in a manner similar to an incompatible pollen tube. It is proposed that, in Raphanus , substances responsible for the initiation of at least two stages in the self-incompatibility system are held in the tryphine.

scholarly journals Factors influencing the self-reported confidence as a team leader during CPR among pediatric residents: A national survey

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 361
Author(s):  
M.D. Deemah Almanie ◽  
Fahad Al-Sohime ◽  
Majed Alabdulhafez ◽  
Yasser Alaska ◽  
Ayman Al-Eyadhy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
National Survey ◽  
Team Leader ◽  
The Self ◽  
Pediatric Residents ◽  
Factors Influencing

scholarly journals PERBEDAAN PENERIMAAN DIRI ORANG TUA YANG MEMILIKI ABK BERDASARKAN KEIKUTSERTAAN DALAM KEGIATAN SUPPORT GROUP

2011 ◽  
Vol 23 (XIV) ◽  
pp. 52-57
Author(s):  
Iriani Indri Hapsari ◽  
Herdiyan Maulana
Keyword(s):  
Support Group ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Group Discussion ◽  
The Self ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Handicapped Children ◽  
Religious View ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Statistical Analysis Method ◽  
Acceptance Scale

The aim of this research was to analyse the differences between the self acceptence of parents with handicapped children based on their involvment in the support group compared to those without any involvement. In this research, 64 parents with handicapped children were selected using nonprobability sampling with incidental sampling type. The samples comprised of 32 parents with involvement in support group and the remaining were without any involvement. Adapted Berger Self Acceptance Scale was used for the measurement of the research. Independent sample T-Test was the statistical analysis method used for the research. The result showed that t = 0, 267 with df = 62 ; t < t able (2) and p = 0,79 ; p > 0,05, meaning Ho was accepted and H1 was rejected. The result showed that there is no significance different between self acceptence of parents with handicaped children who join the support group with those who have not joined the group. Discussion of this research concluded there are several factors influencing this finding, such as family, cultural problems, and religious view, beside social and economic status.

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