scholarly journals Timing is everything: Dichogamy and pollen germinability underlie variation in autonomous selfing among populations

2018 ◽  
Vol 105 (2) ◽  
pp. 241-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew H. Koski ◽  
Liao Kuo ◽  
Kerstin M. Niedermaier ◽  
Laura F. Galloway
Keyword(s):  
Pollen Germinability

scholarly journals Pollen Germination of Rhizoma Peanut cv. Florigraze1

1992 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. L. Niles ◽  
K. H. Quesenberry
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Pollen Germination ◽  
Sucrose Concentration ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
In Vitro Germination ◽  
Arachis Glabrata ◽  
Pollen Germinability ◽  
Poor Seed ◽  
Dry Conditions

Abstract Assessing pollen germination is fundamental to investigating infertility in plants. A potential cause of poor seed production in Florigraze (Arachis glabrata Benth.), rhizomatous peanut, was investigated by incubating pollen on in vitro germination media. The optimum sucrose and boron concentrations for pollen germination was delineated in a series of factorial experiments. Pollen germinability was assessed four times during the growing season. Flowers were collected at 2 h intervals spanning 30 h of development from bud to wilted flower. The optimum sucrose concentration was 100 g kg-1 but there were no differences in germination for B concentrations between 50 and 1,000 mg kg-1. Up to 78% pollen germination was obtained in a solution consisting of 100 g kg-1 sucrose, 100 mg kg-1 H3BO3, 250 mg kg-1 Ca(NO3)2·4H2O, 200 mg kg-1 MgSO4·7H2O and 100 mg kg-1 KNO3 in deionized water. Repeatable estimates of germinability were obtained in incubations of less than 30 min at 35 C. Florigraze pollen collected from developing buds as early as 2200 h the night before anthesis germinated in vitro. Peak germination extended from 2400 h to 1200 h the morning of anthesis. Under cool, dry conditions, the pollen collected 2 d after anthesis remained germinable. These results suggested poor pollen germinability was not the basis of low seed production in rhizomatous peanut. Pollen with high in vitro germination can dependably be collected from Florigraze flowers throughout the growing season during the first 6 h following anthesis, usually between sunrise to noon.

scholarly journals Factors Influencing Cross Barriers in Interspecific Hybridizations of Water Lily

2018 ◽  
Vol 143 (2) ◽  
pp. 130-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chunqing Sun ◽  
Zhihu Ma ◽  
Zhenchao Zhang ◽  
Guosheng Sun ◽  
Zhongliang Dai
Keyword(s):  
Pollen Viability ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Endosperm Development ◽  
The Self ◽  
Water Lily ◽  
Tropical Water ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Pollen Germinability ◽  
Germinated Pollen ◽  
Nymphaea Odorata

In interspecific hybridizations of water lily (Nymphaea), the existence of cross barriers makes it difficult to obtain hybrids and seriously influences the utilization of admirable characters from tropical water lilies. To determine the causes, pollen viability, pistil receptivity, and embryo and endosperm development were investigated in three water lily crosses, including Nymphaea odorata ‘Peter Slocum’ × Nymphaea micranthar (PM), ‘Peter Slocum’ × Nymphaea gigantea (PH), and ‘Peter Slocum’ × Nymphaea colorata (PC). The results indicated that the viability of pollen grains was 17.3% for ‘Peter Slocum’, 19.3% for N. colorata, 10.3% for N. micrantha, and 17.6% for N. gigantea. In the self-pollinated ‘Peter Slocum’, the number of germinated pollen grains on stigmas peaked at 12 hours after pollination (HAP), indicating its good pollen germinability. However, only a few pollen grains germinating on the sigma between 2 and 24 HAP in the crosses of PM, PH, and PC. In addition, a high percentage (81.2%) of normal embryos developed to different stages within 20 d after pollination in the self-pollinated ‘Peter Slocum’. But only 3.5% and 3.7% of normal globular embryos were observed in the PC and PM combinations, respectively. Moreover, no normal embryos were observed in the PH cross. At the same time, no seeds were obtained in PM, PC, and PH crosses. The results suggest that prefertilization barriers existed in the PH cross, whereas pre- and postfertilization barriers existed together in the PC and PM crosses. These may be the main causes resulting in the failure of interspecific hybridizations in water lily.

A STUDY ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN POLLEN GERMINABILITY AND SOME OF ITS ELEMENTS IN ALMOND

2006 ◽  
pp. 399-402
Author(s):  
A. Imani ◽  
A.R. Talaie
Keyword(s):  
Pollen Germinability ◽  
The Relationship

scholarly journals Flowering Behavior and Pollination Requirements in Climbing Cacti with Fruit Crop Potential

HortScience ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (12) ◽  
pp. 1487-1492 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia Weiss ◽  
Avinoam Nerd ◽  
Yosef Mizrahi
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Set ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Physical Contact ◽  
Open Pollination ◽  
Fruit Crops ◽  
Cross Pollination ◽  
Hand Pollination ◽  
Pollen Germinability ◽  
Hylocereus Undatus ◽  
Pollen Vector

The reproductive biology of the climbing cacti Hylocereus polyrhizus (Weber) Britt. & Rose, H. undatus (Haworth) Britt. & Rose, H. costaricensis (Weber) Britt. & Rose, and Selenicereus megalanthus (Schum. ex Vaupel) Moran (syn. Mediocactus megalanthus) was studied with the aim of cultivating the cacti in Israel as fruit crops. Flowering in Hylocereus spp. occurred in two to three waves during the summer, whereas in S. megalanthus, flowering was concentrated at the end of autumn. Flowers of all species opened 1 to 1.5 hours before sunset and closed ≈6 hours after sunrise. In the Hylocereus spp., H. polyrhizus and H. costaricensis were self-unfruitful, and cross-pollination with other species led to high fruit set (100%). Hylocereus undatus was self-fruitful, setting fruit with self-pollen. Cross-pollination between the clones of S. megalanthus led to a high fruit set and each clone was self-fruitful. In contrast to H. undatus, S. megalanthus clones could set fruit without pollen vector involvement, although the set was slightly lower than with hand pollination. Pollen source influenced fruit weight. In the self-fruitful species of Hylocereus, fruit obtained by hand cross-pollination with other Hylocereus spp. were significantly heavier than fruit obtained by hand self-pollination. The largest fruit in each of the Hylocereus spp. were obtained by specific cross-combinations within the group. Fruit of S. megalanthus had a lower weight than fruit of the Hylocereus spp. Flowers of all species were visited by day-active honeybees only. Fruit set and fruit weight with open pollination was lower than with hand pollination in Hylocereus spp. Since stigma receptivity and pollen germinability stayed high during anthesis, the low pollination effectivity has to be related to other factors, such as the short bee visits and the absence of specific adaptation by the bees to the flower. In S. megalanthus, fruit set and fruit weight with open pollination were similar to values obtained with hand pollination. This similarity is probably related to the fact that pollen transfer in open pollination is achieved by bee visits and direct transfer of pollen to the stigma, which occurs via physical contact between anthers and stigma during flower closing.

scholarly journals Floral Competence of Primocane-fruiting Blackberries Prime-Jan and Prime-Jim Grown at Three Temperature Regimens

HortScience ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 508-513 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michele A. Stanton ◽  
Joseph C. Scheerens ◽  
Richard C. Funt ◽  
John R. Clark
Keyword(s):  
Adaptive Response ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Male Sterile ◽  
Stigma Receptivity ◽  
Increased Temperature ◽  
Tapetal Cells ◽  
Pollen Germinability ◽  
Chamber Temperature ◽  
Useful Life

We investigated the responses of staminate and pistillate floral components of Prime-Jan and Prime-Jim primocane-fruiting blackberry (Rubus L. subgenus Rubus Watson) to three different growth chamber temperature regimens, 35.0/23.9 °C (HT), 29.4/18.3 °C (MT), and 23.9/12.8 °C (LT). Temperature was negatively related to flower size, and morphologically abnormal floral structures were evident in 41% and 98% of the MT- and HT-grown plants, respectively. Anthers of LT- and MT-grown plants dehisced. The viability of pollen (as deduced through staining) from Prime-Jan grown at LT or MT exceeded 70%, whereas that of Prime-Jim pollen was significantly reduced (<40%) by the MT regimen. In vitro pollen germinability (typically <50%) was negatively influenced by temperature but was unaffected by cultivar. Pollen useful life was diminished under HT conditions; LT-grown pollen held at 23.9 °C retained 63% of its original germinability over a 32-h period, while the germinability of that held at 35.0 °C for 16 hours decreased by 97%. Virtually all flowers cultured under HT conditions were male sterile, exhibiting structural or sporogenous class abnormalities including petaloidy and malformation of tapetal cells or microspores; HT anthers that were present, failed to dehisce. Stigma receptivity, pistil density, and drupelet set were also negatively influenced by increased temperature; values for these parameters of floral competency among control plants were reduced by 51%, 39%, and 76%, respectively, in flowers cultured under HT conditions. In this study, flowering and fruiting parameters, and presumably the yield potential of Prime-Jan and Prime-Jim, were adversely affected by increased temperature. However, their adaptive response to heat stress under field conditions awaits assessment.

A New Concept in Assessing Cotton Pollen Germinability 1

Crop Science ◽  
1981 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 441-443 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerry R. Barrow
Keyword(s):  
Pollen Germinability

Germination of pollen of the dwarf mistletoe Arceuthobium americanum

1991 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 685-688 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeannie Gilbert ◽  
David Punter
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Pollen Germination ◽  
Pinus Banksiana ◽  
Optimum Temperature ◽  
Dwarf Mistletoe ◽  
In Vitro Pollen Germination ◽  
Arceuthobium Americanum ◽  
Pollen Germinability ◽  
Germination Of Pollen

Pollen of Arceuthobium americanum Nuttall ex Engelmann, a parasitic dwarf mistletoe of Pinus banksiana Lamb, in Manitoba, was germinated on media containing a range of concentrations of sucrose and salts. Highest germination levels occurred on 20% sucrose agar; addition of salts significantly depressed germination. Pollen germinability was below 5% at first but increased to near 50% as the season advanced. Mean germination differed significantly between flowers from 10 staminate plants but peaked at approximately the same times in association with increasing temperatures. Freezing night temperatures were followed by reduced germinability. The optimum temperature for in vitro pollen germination is close to 30 °C, whereas 40 °C impairs germination. Key words: parasitic angiosperms, microclimate, jack pine, reproductive biology.

Pollen Germinability of Asclepias exaltata: Effects of Flower Age, Drying Time, and Pollen Source

1986 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 322 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Randolph Shannon ◽  
Robert Wyatt
Keyword(s):  
Drying Time ◽  
Pollen Germinability ◽  
Flower Age

Meiosis and pollen germinability in small-flowered anemone type chrysanthemum cultivars

2009 ◽  
Vol 280 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 143-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fa-Di Chen ◽  
Feng-Tong Li ◽  
Su-Mei Chen ◽  
Zhi-Yong Guan ◽  
Wei-Min Fang
Keyword(s):  
Pollen Germinability
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