Comparison of onset and duration of action of soft tissue and pulpal anesthesia with three volumes of 4% articaine with 1:100,000 epinephrine in maxillary infiltration anesthesia

2011 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 195-199 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Sreekumar ◽  
Darpan Bhargava
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Duration Of Action ◽  
Pulpal Anesthesia ◽  
Infiltration Anesthesia

scholarly journals The Local Pharmacokinetics of 3H-Ropivacaine and 14C-Lidocaine After Maxillary Infiltration Anesthesia in Rats

2012 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 75-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiromi Kimi ◽  
Mikiko Yamashiro ◽  
Shuichi Hashimoto
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Local Anesthetic ◽  
Dental Pulp ◽  
Surrounding Tissue ◽  
Maxillary Bone ◽  
Maxillary Nerve ◽  
High Affinity ◽  
Oral Tissue ◽  
Infiltration Anesthesia ◽  
Palatal Mucosa

The effects of infiltration anesthesia with ropivacaine on the dental pulp are considered to be weak. This may be partly associated with its permeation into the oral tissue. With the objective of investigating the local pharmacokinetics of ropivacaine and lidocaine following infiltration anesthesia, we injected 3H-ropivacaine or 14C-lidocaine to the palatal mucosa in rats, measured distributions of radioactivity in the maxilla, and compared the local pharmacokinetics of these agents. The animals were sacrificed at various times and the maxillas were removed. The palatal mucosa and maxillary nerve were resected, and the bone was divided into 6 portions. We measured radioactivity in each tissue and calculated the level of each local anesthetic (n  =  8). Lidocaine diffused to the surrounding tissue immediately after the injection, whereas ropivacaine tended to remain in the palatal mucosa for a longer period. Lidocaine showed a higher affinity for the maxillary bone than ropivacaine. There was a correlation between the distribution level of local anesthetics in the maxillary bone and that in the maxillary nerve. The lower-level effects of infiltration anesthesia with ropivacaine on the dental pulp may be because ropivacaine has a high affinity for soft tissue, and its transfer to bone is slight.

Randomized Study of Phentolamine Mesylate for Reversal of Local Anesthesia

2008 ◽  
Vol 87 (7) ◽  
pp. 635-639 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Laviola ◽  
S.K. McGavin ◽  
G.A. Freer ◽  
G. Plancich ◽  
S.C. Woodbury ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Local Anesthetic ◽  
Dental Treatment ◽  
Randomized Study ◽  
Study Drug ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Dental Procedures ◽  
Phase 2 Study ◽  
Pulpal Anesthesia

Local anesthetic solutions frequently contain vasoconstrictors to increase the depth and/or duration of anesthesia. Generally, the duration of soft-tissue anesthesia exceeds that of pulpal anesthesia. Negative consequences of soft-tissue anesthesia include accidental lip and tongue biting as well as difficulty in eating, drinking, speaking, and smiling. A double-blind, randomized, multicenter, Phase 2 study tested the hypothesis that local injection of the vasodilator phentolamine mesylate would shorten the duration of soft-tissue anesthesia following routine dental procedures. Participants (122) received one or two cartridges of local anesthetic/vasoconstrictor prior to dental treatment. Immediately after treatment, 1.8 mL of study drug (containing 0.4 mg phentolamine mesylate or placebo) was injected per cartridge of local anesthetic used. The phentolamine was well-tolerated and reduced the median duration of soft-tissue anesthesia in the lip from 155 to 70 min (p < 0.0001).

scholarly journals Epinephrine Affects Pharmacokinetics of Ropivacaine Infiltrated Into Palate

2016 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 71-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mikiko Yamashiro ◽  
Shuichi Hashimoto ◽  
Asako Yasuda ◽  
Katsuhisa Sunada
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Hard Palate ◽  
Time Dependent ◽  
Peripheral Blood Flow ◽  
Success Rates ◽  
Maxillary Nerve ◽  
Pulpal Anesthesia ◽  
Infiltration Anesthesia ◽  
Palatal Mucosa

Pulpal anesthesia success rates for ropivacaine following maxillary infiltration anesthesia seem to be low. We investigated the hypothesis that the addition of epinephrine would affect the pharmacokinetics of ropivacaine by retaining ropivacaine in the mucosa of the injected area through the time-dependent distribution of ropivacaine in the rat maxilla and serum following maxillary infiltration anesthesia using 3H-labeled ropivacaine. We then examined the vasoactivity of ropivacaine with or without epinephrine on local peripheral blood flow. The addition of epinephrine to ropivacaine increased ropivacaine concentrations in the palatal mucosa and adjacent maxilla by more than 3 times that of plain ropivacaine at 20 minutes. By observing the autoradiogram of 3H-ropivacaine, plain ropivacaine in the maxilla was remarkably reduced 20 minutes after injection. However, it was definitely retained in the palatal mucosa, hard palate, adjacent maxilla, and maxillary nerve after the administration with epinephrine. Ropivacaine with epinephrine significantly decreased labial blood flow. This study suggests that 10 μg/mL epinephrine added to 0.5% ropivacaine could improve anesthetic efficacy and duration for maxillary infiltration anesthesia over plain ropivacaine.

scholarly journals Effect of Massage on the Efficacy of the Mental and Incisive Nerve Block

2013 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Jaber ◽  
J. M. Whitworth ◽  
I. P. Corbett ◽  
B. Al-Baqshi ◽  
S. Jauhar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Nerve Block ◽  
The Other ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Paired Samples ◽  
Mcnemar Test ◽  
And Control ◽  
Pulpal Anesthesia ◽  
Mandibular First Molar ◽  
Treatment Order

Abstract The purpose of this trial was to assess the effect of soft tissue massage on the efficacy of the mental and incisive nerve block (MINB). Thirty-eight volunteers received MINB of 2.2 mL of 2% lidocaine with 1 : 80,000 epinephrine on 2 occasions. At one visit the soft tissue overlying the injection site was massaged for 60 seconds (active treatment). At the other visit the crowns of the mandibular premolar teeth were massaged (control treatment). Order of treatments was randomized. An electronic pulp tester was used to measure pulpal anesthesia in the ipsilateral mandibular first molar, a premolar, and lateral incisor teeth up to 45 minutes following the injection. The efficacy of pulp anesthesia was determined by 2 methods: (a) by quantifying the number of episodes with no response to maximal electronic pulp stimulation after each treatment, and (b) by quantifying the number of volunteers with no response to maximal pulp stimulation (80 reading) on 2 or more consecutive tests, termed anesthetic success. Data were analyzed by McNemar, Mann-Whitney, and paired-samples t tests. Anesthetic success was 52.6% for active and 42.1% for control treatment for lateral incisors, 89.5 and 86.8% respectively for premolars, and 50.0 and 42.1% respectively for first molars (P = .344, 1.0, and .508 respectively). There were no significant differences in the number of episodes of negative response to maximum pulp tester stimulation between active and control massage. A total of 131 episodes were recorded after both active and control massage in lateral incisors (McNemar test, P = 1.0), 329 (active) versus 316 (control) episodes in the premolars (McNemar test, P = .344), and 119 (active) versus 109 (control) episodes respectively for first molars (McNemar test, P = .444). Speed of anesthetic onset and discomfort did not differ between treatments. We concluded that soft tissue massage after MINB does not influence anesthetic efficacy.

Liposomal encapsulation improves the duration of soft tissue anesthesia but does not induce pulpal anesthesia

2010 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 313-317 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle Franz-Montan ◽  
André L.R. Silva ◽  
Leonardo F. Fraceto ◽  
Maria C. Volpato ◽  
Eneida de Paula ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Pulpal Anesthesia

Anesthetic efficacy of an inferior alveolar nerve block in soft tissue and correlation between soft tissue and pulpal anesthesia

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 1061-1065
Author(s):  
Sin-Yeon Cho ◽  
Wonwoo Choi ◽  
Junyoung Kim ◽  
Sung-Taek Kim ◽  
Hee-Jin Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Nerve Block ◽  
Inferior Alveolar Nerve ◽  
Inferior Alveolar Nerve Block ◽  
Pulpal Anesthesia

Influence of Voltage-sensitive Ca++Channel Drugs on Bupivacaine Infiltration Anesthesia in Mice

2001 ◽  
Vol 95 (5) ◽  
pp. 1189-1197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Forrest L. Smith ◽  
Richard W. Davis ◽  
Richard Carter
Keyword(s):  
Motor Block ◽  
Radiant Heat ◽  
Tail Flick ◽  
Channel Blockers ◽  
Ca Channel ◽  
Ca Channels ◽  
Duration Of Action ◽  
Bayk 8644 ◽  
Infiltration Anesthesia

Background Local anesthesia has been traditionally associated with blockade of voltage-sensitive sodium (Na(+)) channels. Yet in vitro evidence indicates that local anesthetic mechanisms are more complex than previously understood. For example, local anesthetics bind and allosterically modify 1,4-dihydropyridine-sensitive Ca(++) channels and can reduce Ca(++) influx in tissues. The current study examines the influence of voltage-sensitive Ca(++) channels in bupivacaine infiltration anesthesia. Methods Baseline tail-flick latencies to radiant heat nociception were obtained before subcutaneous infiltration of bupivacaine and Ca(++)-modulating drugs in the tails of mice. No musculature is contained in the tail that could result in motor block. The magnitude of infiltration anesthesia over time, as well as the potency of bupivacaine alone or in the presence of Ca(++)-modulating drug, was assessed by obtaining test latencies. Results The 1,4-dihydropyridine L-type Ca(++) channel agonist S(-)-BayK-8644 reduced the duration of action and potency of bupivacaine anesthesia. In opposite fashion, nifedipine and nicardipine increased the effects of bupivacaine. Neither nifedipine nor nicardipine alone elicited anesthesia. Alternatively, the phenylalkylamine L-type blocker verapamil elicited concentration-dependent anesthesia. Other Ca(++) channel subtype blockers were investigated as well. The N-, T-, P-, and Q-type channel blockers, omega-conotoxin GVIA, flunarizine, omega-agatoxin IVA, and omega-conotoxin MVIIC, respectively, were unable to modify bupivacaine anesthesia. Conclusions These results indicate that heat nociception stimulates Ca(++) influx through L-type channels on nociceptors in skin. Although other voltage-sensitive Ca(++) channels may be located on skin nociceptors, only the L-type channel drugs affected bupivacaine in the radiant heat test.

Localization of Gallium-67 in Peritoneal Cells by Electron Microscopic Autoradiography

1973 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 404-405
Author(s):  
D. C. Swartzendruber ◽  
Norma L. Idoyaga-Vargas
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Tumor Tissue ◽  
Soft Tissue Tumors ◽  
Clinical Usefulness ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Normal Cells ◽  
Electron Microscopic Autoradiography ◽  
Peritoneal Cells ◽  
Gallium 67

The radionuclide gallium-67 (67Ga) localizes preferentially but not specifically in many human and experimental soft-tissue tumors. Because of this localization, 67Ga is used in clinical trials to detect humar. cancers by external scintiscanning methods. However, the fact that 67Ga does not localize specifically in tumors requires for its eventual clinical usefulness a fuller understanding of the mechanisms that control its deposition in both malignant and normal cells. We have previously reported that 67Ga localizes in lysosomal-like bodies, notably, although not exclusively, in macrophages of the spocytaneous AKR thymoma. Further studies on the uptake of 67Ga by macrophages are needed to determine whether there are factors related to malignancy that might alter the localization of 67Ga in these cells and thus provide clues to discovering the mechanism of 67Ga localization in tumor tissue.

Morphological Examination of a Herpes-type Virus Indigenous for Tree Shrews

1970 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 160-161
Author(s):  
J. P. Brunschwig ◽  
R. M. McCombs ◽  
R. Mirkovic ◽  
M. Benyesh-Melnick
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Chick Embryo ◽  
Soft Tissue Sarcoma ◽  
Cell Cultures ◽  
Tree Shrew ◽  
Type Virus ◽  
Morphological Examination ◽  
Tree Shrews ◽  
Embryo Cells

A new virus, established as a member of the herpesvirus group by electron microscopy, was isolated from spontaneously degenerating cell cultures derived from the kidneys and lungs of two normal tree shrews. The virus was found to replicate best in cells derived from the homologous species. The cells used were a tree shrew cell line, T-23, which was derived from a spontaneous soft tissue sarcoma. The virus did not multiply or did so poorly for a limited number of passages in human, monkey, rodent, rabbit or chick embryo cells. In the T-23 cells, the virus behaved as members of the subgroup B of herpesvirus, in that the virus remained primarily cell associated.

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