Morphological Examination of a Herpes-type Virus Indigenous for Tree Shrews

A new virus, established as a member of the herpesvirus group by electron microscopy, was isolated from spontaneously degenerating cell cultures derived from the kidneys and lungs of two normal tree shrews. The virus was found to replicate best in cells derived from the homologous species. The cells used were a tree shrew cell line, T-23, which was derived from a spontaneous soft tissue sarcoma. The virus did not multiply or did so poorly for a limited number of passages in human, monkey, rodent, rabbit or chick embryo cells. In the T-23 cells, the virus behaved as members of the subgroup B of herpesvirus, in that the virus remained primarily cell associated.

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Effect of interferon on Sindbis virus growth in chick-embryo cell cultures

Canadian Journal of Microbiology ◽

10.1139/m69-103 ◽

1969 ◽

Vol 15 (6) ◽

pp. 605-610 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Robert B. Stewart ◽

Edward T. Sheaff

Keyword(s):

Chick Embryo ◽

Cell Cultures ◽

Sindbis Virus ◽

Embryo Cell ◽

Virus Growth ◽

Chick Embryo Cell ◽

Embryo Cells ◽

Number Of Cells

A study of the effect of interferon on the growth of Sindbis virus in cultures of chick-embryo cells has shown that interferon forms an association with cells (uptake) and that the action of interferon is concentration rather than amount dependent. Evidence has also been obtained that interferon acts to reduce the yield of virus from cells, but does not reduce the number of cells synthesizing virus (all or none effect).

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VARIATION IN SENSITIVITY OF AN INTERFERON ASSAY SYSTEM

Canadian Journal of Microbiology ◽

10.1139/m67-189 ◽

1967 ◽

Vol 13 (11) ◽

pp. 1421-1425

Author(s):

Robert B. Stewart ◽

Sunidhkumar S. Gandhi

Keyword(s):

Chick Embryo ◽

Cell Cultures ◽

Dose Response ◽

Sindbis Virus ◽

Primary Cultures ◽

Assay System ◽

Response Curves ◽

Challenge Virus ◽

Embryo Cells ◽

Altered Sensitivity

Repeated assays of standard preparations of interferon carried out for over a year using primary cultures of chick-embryo cells and Sindbis virus in an assay system showed that cell cultures varied in their sensitivity to interferon. This altered sensitivity was not due to a change in the challenge virus nor to the time of exposure of cells to interferon. An analysis of the data showed that the slope of the dose–response curves remained constant although they could be displaced, indicating changes in sensitivity. Information was also obtained demonstrating that sensitivity of cells to interferon could vary within a single assay.

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Immune Electron Microscopy (IEM) of a Canine Adeno-Associated Virus

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100051293 ◽

1974 ◽

Vol 32 ◽

pp. 256-257

Author(s):

Gunter F. Thomas ◽

M. David Hoggan

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Cell Cultures ◽

Complement Fixation ◽

Hepatitis Virus ◽

Wide Distribution ◽

Immune Electron Microscopy ◽

Adeno Associated Virus ◽

Virus Like Particle ◽

Dog Kidney ◽

Green Monkeys

In 1968, Sugimura and Yanagawa described a small 25 nm virus like particle in association with the Matsuda strain of infectious canine hepatitis virus (ICHV). Domoto and Yanagawa showed that this particle was dependent on ICHV for its replication in primary dog kidney cell cultures (PDK) and was resistant to heating at 70°C for 10 min, and concluded that it was a canine adeno-associated virus (CAAV). Later studies by Onuma and Yanagawa compared CAAV with the known human serotypes (AAV 1, 2, 3) and AAV-4, known to be associated with African Green Monkeys. Using the complement fixation (CF) test, they found that CAAV was serologically related to AAV-3 and had wide distribution in the dog population of Japan.

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Scanning Electron Microscopy and Electron Microprobe Analysis of Malignant Cell Cultures

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100100561 ◽

1968 ◽

Vol 26 ◽

pp. 164-165

Author(s):

R. I. Johnsson-Hegyeli ◽

A. F. Hegyeli ◽

D. K. Landstrom ◽

W. C. Lane

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽

Cell Cultures ◽

Electron Microprobe ◽

Microprobe Analysis ◽

Electron Microprobe Analysis ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Malignant Cell ◽

Interference Microscopy ◽

Scanning Electron

Last year we reported on the use of reflected light interference microscopy (RLIM) for the direct color photography of the surfaces of living normal and malignant cell cultures without the use of replicas, fixatives, or stains. The surface topography of living cells was found to follow underlying cellular structures such as nuceloli, nuclear membranes, and cytoplasmic organelles, making possible the study of their three-dimensional relationships in time. The technique makes possible the direct examination of cells grown on opaque as well as transparent surfaces. The successful in situ electron microprobe analysis of the elemental composition and distribution within single tissue culture cells was also reported.This paper deals with the parallel and combined use of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and the two previous techniques in a study of living and fixed cancer cells. All three studies can be carried out consecutively on the same experimental specimens without disturbing the cells or their structural relationships to each other and the surface on which they are grown. KB carcinoma cells were grown on glass coverslips in closed Leighto tubes as previously described. The cultures were photographed alive by means of RLIM, then fixed with a fixative modified from Sabatini, et al (1963).

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Identification of hepatitis a virus in cell cultures by solid phase immune electron microscopy

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100142815 ◽

1986 ◽

Vol 44 ◽

pp. 238-239

Author(s):

C.D. Humphrey ◽

T.L. Cromeans ◽

E.H. Cook ◽

D.W. Bradley

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Liquid Phase ◽

Cell Cultures ◽

Rapid Detection ◽

Hepatitis A ◽

Hepatitis A Virus ◽

Solid Phase ◽

Immune Electron Microscopy ◽

Detection And Identification

There is a variety of methods available for the rapid detection and identification of viruses by electron microscopy as described in several reviews. The predominant techniques are classified as direct electron microscopy (DEM), immune electron microscopy (IEM), liquid phase immune electron microscopy (LPIEM) and solid phase immune electron microscopy (SPIEM). Each technique has inherent strengths and weaknesses. However, in recent years, the most progress for identifying viruses has been realized by the utilization of SPIEM.

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