A parsimonious distributed model for simulating transient water flow in a high-relief karst aquifer

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (8) ◽  
pp. 2617-2627 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eulogio Pardo-Igúzquiza ◽  
Peter Dowd ◽  
Antonio Pulido Bosch ◽  
Juan A. Luque-Espinar ◽  
Javier Heredia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Flow ◽  
Karst Aquifer ◽  
Distributed Model

From time series analysis to hydrodynamic modelling in a complex hydrosystem: applications for the hydrodynamic characterization and modelling of a karst aquifer with sparse data (Oeillal spring, France).

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vianney Sivelle ◽  
Hervé Jourde
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Time Series Analysis ◽  
Hydrological Cycle ◽  
Karst Aquifer ◽  
Normal Fault ◽  
Sparse Data ◽  
Distributed Model ◽  
Hydrodynamic Modelling ◽  
Series Analysis ◽  
Cross Correlation Analysis

<p>The Narbonne-Sigean sedimentary basin is composed by Oligocene sediment, alluvions from the Aude River and the Fontfroide-Montredon limestone massif. The significant tectonics during the Oligocene rifting brought all of these formations to the surface in the Malvesi area. A normal fault affects the area and causes the Jurassic unit to rise in the form of a horst: the Montlaures massif. The Oeillal spring is located on the south border of this massif. The karst spring outflows at 4 pools with different physico-chemical signature. Each of these pools is equipped with a CTD probe. Moreover, the area is monitored with piezometric and temperature measurements that allow characterizing each of the main geological formations near the Oeillal spring. Though measurements started more than ten years ago (2007), continuous monitoring is available on one hydrological cycle, only. Indeed, only sparse data are available over the period 2007-2018, which required proposing a methodology to allow the optimal use of the available data in the modelling workflow.  The present study thus focuses on this methodology and on the use of numerical tools such as time series analysis (auto and cross-correlation analysis, spectral analysis) to determine a suitable modelling approach (lumped or distributed model) adapted to the hydrodynamic modelling of karst springs with sparse data.</p>

scholarly journals Determining the directions and characteristics of underground water flow in karst for the purpose of traffic routes construction: the case of the new Divača-Koper railway line (SW Slovenia)

2020 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Metka Petrič ◽  
Nataša Ravbar ◽  
Luca Zini ◽  
Chiara Calligaris ◽  
Riccardo Corazzi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Flow ◽  
Fluorescent Dyes ◽  
Karst Aquifer ◽  
Underground Water ◽  
Tracer Test ◽  
Breakthrough Curves ◽  
Aquifer System ◽  
Railway Line ◽  
Hazard Control ◽  
Negative Impacts

The new railway line between Divača and Koper/Capodistria in south-western Slovenia is being built, a part of which crosses the southern outskirts of the Classical Karst plateaux. It will run through two tunnels, the northern tunnel T1 (6.7 km long) and the southern T2 (6 km long), which partially cross karst aquifer system. A multi-tracer test with injections of fluorescent dyes uranine and naphthionate, bypassing the karst vadose zone, was carried out to define the directions and dynamics of the underground water flow. The main goals were better understanding of the complex hydrogeological conditions in the area and assessment of possible environmental impacts on the nearby water sources. With tracing of uranine injected into a nearby cave stream, the direction of flow from the northern T1 tunnel mainly towards the Reka-Timavo aquifer system and further towards the Timava/Timavo springs was proved. The peak velocities, as determined from the peaks of the tracer breakthrough curves, range from 29 m/h to 36 m/h. Through the wider and well-connected conduits of the Reka-Timavo system, the peak velocities can reach up to 88 m/h. The recovery of uranine in an intermediate cave, i.e., Jama 1 v Kanjaducah, amounted to approximately 74 %. The northern section of the southern T2 tunnel is a part of a wider bifurcation zone between the Osapska Reka and the Boljunec/Bagnoli springs, where peak flow velocities between 10 and 13 m/h have been determined by tracing of naphthionate injected into a borehole located in the line of the planned tunnel. It has been estimated that about 25 % of the injected naphthionate flew out through the Osapska Reka spring and about 5 % through the Boljunec/ Bagnoli springs. Based on this research, proper monitoring of any potential negative impacts of the new railway line will be made possible. The study presents an approach to better planning of hazard control of traffic routes in complex and highly karstified rock settings.

Transient-State History Matching of a Karst Aquifer Ground Water Flow Model

Ground Water ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 38 (6) ◽  
pp. 939-946 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Larocque ◽  
O. Banton ◽  
M. Razack
Keyword(s):  
Ground Water ◽  
Water Flow ◽  
History Matching ◽  
Flow Model ◽  
Karst Aquifer ◽  
Transient State ◽  
Ground Water Flow ◽  
State History

Characterization of the water flow regime in the upper vadose zone, Furtowischacht (Hochschwab, Austria)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva-Florina Kaminsky ◽  
Lukas Plan ◽  
Thomas Wagner
Keyword(s):  
Water Flow ◽  
Vadose Zone ◽  
Karst Aquifer ◽  
Water Storage ◽  
Precipitation Event ◽  
Karst Water ◽  
Water Protection ◽  
Aquifer Recharge ◽  
The North ◽  
Drying Up

<p>The Kläfferquellen as the largest springs in the north of the Hochschwab karst massif are an important source of drinking water for the city of Vienna. Due to the vulnerability of karst waters, parts of the Hochschwab Massive (80 km southwest of Vienna) are a spring water protection zone. A better understanding of the karst aquifer recharge is important for the karst water protection management. The upper zone of a karst aquifer, the epikarst plays an important role for the recharge and the regulation of water flow to the vadose zone below.</p><p>Hydrological monitoring in an Alpine vadose shaft (Furtowischacht) is the basis of these analyses. In order to quantify the water storage and flow in the upper vadose zone, a Thomson-weir was installed in a small canyon at 100 m below the entrance. Since 2016, electrical conductivity (EC), temperature (T) and water level have been measured at the weir at least every 10 minutes. The discharge shows extreme fluctuations between 0.003 to 19 l/s. Salt tracer experiments indicate tracer travel times between 10 min and 3 hours. The discharge behaviour after a precipitation event can be classified with hydrograph recession analysis in quick, intermediate and slow flow.  Snow melting events show intermediate and slow responses. The water storage within the epikarst can be inferred from the following observations: (1) Reactions of T and EC after the increase of discharge vary between 10 min and 5 h. (2) During summer rain events, EC increases (after a short decrease) and remains at an elevated level for longer period of time. (3) No drying up of the cave brook after long periods of no recharge, where baseflow shows a storage capacity. Single discharge events were successfully modelled with a bucket-type rainfall-runoff model thereby describing the water flow and storage in the upper vadose zone, respectively.</p>

Tectonic control on groundwater flow in a karst polje of southern Italy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabella Serena Liso ◽  
Costantino Masciopinto ◽  
Mario Parise
Keyword(s):  
Groundwater Flow ◽  
Water Flow ◽  
Structural Control ◽  
Carbonate Platform ◽  
Flow Direction ◽  
Karst Aquifer ◽  
Ground Surface ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Regional Tectonic ◽  
Karst Processes

<p>In the last decades, climate changes are affecting the freshwater resources quality and quantity around the globe, reducing their availability. On Earth, glaciers and ice cap occupy 68,7%, but they are not easily usable for human purposes; groundwater stands for 30,1%, while surface waters represent the remaining 1,2%. Therefore, groundwater resource is by far the most important natural tank to be preserved.</p><p>In karst, scientists are still working on developing new methods to understand the true groundwater hydrological behavior, due to subsoil anisotropy in both space and time. This requires a deep knowledge about discontinuity systems in the carbonates, and to improve our comprehension of karst processes, as basic elements for modelling.</p><p>The possibility to collect data directly from the subsoil, thanks to speleological explorations, is a precious chance for hydrogeology, and in general, for the environmental sciences. In this contribution we take advantage from a variety of speleological data, plus traditional geological surveys, to study groundwater flow in the karst of Apulia. Many karst processes, indeed, affect the Cretaceous limestones belonging to the Apulia carbonate platform, where the deepest cave in the region opens in the Canale di Pirro polje (altitude 300m a.s.l.). This latter is a W-E elongated tectonic-karst valley, representing one of the most significant karst landforms in this sector of Apulia. The cave reaches groundwater at a depth of -260m from the ground surface, whilst additional 60m below the water table have been explored by diving the flooded channels (total depth of the cave 320m).</p><p>We deal here with characterization of water flow direction into the fractured and karst aquifer, using a combined approach consisting of analysis of: i) primary and secondary discontinuities, ii) shape, size and orientation of karst conduits, and iii) geometry of the intersections between fractures and karst features.</p><p>The discontinuities have been analyzed with classical geological survey at the surface, and a semi-automatic extraction of their statistical properties, using the FracPaQ software. To characterize the water flow into the karst channels, we started from collection of available speleological maps of caves in the study area, in order to assess their main directions of development . From this analysis, some preliminary links were summarized: on the polje ridges, the prevailing discontinuity systems were well correlated with cave development, and, in turn, with the main regional tectonic directions (respectively, the SW-NE anti-Apennine, and the NW-SE Apennine systems). At the polje bottom, on the other hand, direction of cave segments and discontinuities are about similar, following the Canale di Pirro polje main elongation (W-E).</p><p>This first comparison among data from different sources eventually points out that water flows underground following the main structural lineations. These data, together with results of the groundwater flow model, confirm the key role of geo-structural control on karst development, and the possibility of variations at the local scale, as observed at the polje bottom. In karst, the integrated approach of geo-structural discontinuities and karst features and geometry is therefore a fundamental tool to gain insights into the understanding of the main groundwater flow directions.</p>

Large-scale spatial characterization of a karst aquifer by combination of periodic and non-periodic responses (Lez aquifer, France)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pierre Fischer ◽  
Hervé Jourde
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Karst Aquifer ◽  
Property Values ◽  
Field Measurements ◽  
High Water ◽  
Distributed Model ◽  
Inversion Method ◽  
Spatial Characterization ◽  
The Matrix

<p>Spatial characterization of the hydraulic properties in the subsurface is an extensively studied problematic. Inverse problems allow to image those properties by interpreting the information from a dataset of field measurements with a chosen physical formulation of fluxes in a numerical distributed model. However, karst media characterization remains a complex task, due to the fact that the matrix and conduits entities generate a highly contrasted distribution of property values. Thus, one needs to employ an inversion method able to represent this contrast and also use data providing information on the localization of the conduits network and its connectivity.</p><p>We propose a large-scale 2-D application of characterization of the Lez aquifer in southern France, covering a surface of about 400 km². We take advantages of long-terms measurements within the framework of the MEDYCYSS observation site, part of the Karst observatory network (www.snokarst.org) initiated by the French institute INSU/CNRS. Drawdown signals measured in 14 wells incorporating a periodic response due to a daily pumping at the aquifers spring were thus considered for this study. The periodic responses can provide connectivity information between wells in the inversion process, while non-periodic responses will permit to better assess the large-scale property values of the whole hydrosystem. A Cellular Automata-based Deterministic Inversion (CADI) is used to generate a contrasted property field able to reproduce the measured signals in the 2-D distributed numerical model. This application is led with responses obtained at a high water-table level and also at a lower level in order to highlight the change in connectivity and flow paths mobilized at different depths.</p>

Effect of verapamil on cytoplasmic distribution of granules and microfilaments in amphibian urinary bladder

1988 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 324-325
Author(s):  
A.J. Mia ◽  
L.X. Oakford ◽  
T. Yorio
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Bladder ◽  
Water Flow ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Granular Cell ◽  
Cytosolic Calcium ◽  
Calcium Storage ◽  
Amphibian Urinary Bladder ◽  
Vesicular Membrane ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Cytoskeletal System

The amphibian urinary bladder has been used as a ‘model’ system for studies of the mechanism of action of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) in stimulating transepithelial water flow. The increase in water permeability is accompanied by morphological changes that include the stimulation of apical microvilli, mobilization of microtubules and microfilaments and vesicular membrane fusion events . It has been shown that alterations in the cytosolic calcium concentrations can inhibit ADH transmembrane water flow and induce alterations in the epithelial cell cytomorphology, including the cytoskeletal system . Recently, the subapical granules of the granular cell in the amphibian urinary bladder have been shown to contain high concentrations of calcium, and it was suggested that these cytoplasmic constituents may act as calcium storage sites for intracellular calcium homeostasis. The present study utilizes the calcium antagonist, verapamil, to examine the effect of calcium deprivation on the cytomorphological features of epithelial cells from amphibian urinary bladder, with particular emphasis on subapical granule and microfilament distribution.

Water Flow Modelling of the Venice Lagoon

1993 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enrico Marchi ◽  
Attilio Adami ◽  
Alfredo Caielli ◽  
Giovanni Cecconi
Keyword(s):  
Water Flow ◽  
Venice Lagoon ◽  
Flow Modelling

Investigation of the influence of the flow structure on the accuracy of flow measurement before a hydrometric structure in an open channel

2020 ◽  
pp. 41-44
Author(s):  
Anatoly Kusher
Keyword(s):  
Velocity Profile ◽  
Flow Velocity ◽  
Water Flow ◽  
Flow Measurement ◽  
Water Discharge ◽  
Critical Depth ◽  
Flow Measurements ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Flow Velocity Profile ◽  
Upstream Flow

The reliability of water flow measurement in irrigational canals depends on the measurement method and design features of the flow-measuring structure and the upstream flow velocity profile. The flow velocity profile is a function of the channel geometry and wall roughness. The article presents the study results of the influence of the upstream flow velocity profile on the discharge measurement accuracy. For this, the physical and numerical modeling of two structures was carried out: a critical depth flume and a hydrometric overfall in a rectangular channel. According to the data of numerical simulation of the critical depth flume with a uniform and parabolic (1/7) velocity profile in the upstream channel, the values of water discharge differ very little from the experimental values in the laboratory model with a similar geometry (δ < 2 %). In contrast to the critical depth flume, a change in the velocity profile only due to an increase in the height of the bottom roughness by 3 mm causes a decrease of the overfall discharge coefficient by 4…5 %. According to the results of the numerical and physical modeling, it was found that an increase of backwater by hydrometric structure reduces the influence of the upstream flow velocity profile and increases the reliability of water flow measurements.

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