scholarly journals Mechanical roles of apical constriction, cell elongation, and cell migration during neural tube formation in Xenopus

2016 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 1733-1746 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasuhiro Inoue ◽  
Makoto Suzuki ◽  
Tadashi Watanabe ◽  
Naoko Yasue ◽  
Itsuki Tateo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Migration ◽  
Neural Tube ◽  
Cell Elongation ◽  
Tube Formation ◽  
Apical Constriction ◽  
Neural Tube Formation

The Effects of β-Mercaptoethanol on the Morphogenetic Movements of Amphibian Embryos

Development ◽  
1963 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 155-166
Author(s):  
P. Malpoix ◽  
J. Quertier ◽  
J. Brachet
Keyword(s):  
Neural Tube ◽  
Tube Formation ◽  
Animal Pole ◽  
Morphogenetic Movements ◽  
Complete Development ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
Amphibian Embryos ◽  
Biological Specificity ◽  
Neural Tube Formation

The inhibition by β-mercaptoethanol of morphogenesis in amphibians, freshwater hydra, planarians and regenerating tadpoles, has already been reported by one of us (Brachet, 1958, 1959a, b, c). The present work provides a closer analysis of the biological specificity of j8-mercaptoethanol with regard to the different movements which produce gastrulation in amphibians: invagination, epiboly, convergent stretching and ingression. The main result, obtained with Pleurodeles, was that gastrulation is completely inhibited by M/100 β-mercaptoethanol. Lower concentrations (M/300) permit more complete development, but the resulting embryos are abnormal. β-Mercaptoethanol interferes with neural tube formation, but has less effect on the development of the notochord and the mesodermal somites. It was further noted that, when embryos are treated at very early stages (1–2 cells, young blastulae), the blastocoele seems to collapse and the ectoblast of the animal pole is deeply puckered.

scholarly journals Apical Accumulation of Rho in the Neural Plate Is Important for Neural Plate Cell Shape Change and Neural Tube Formation

2008 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 2289-2299 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nagatoki Kinoshita ◽  
Noriaki Sasai ◽  
Kazuyo Misaki ◽  
Shigenobu Yonemura
Keyword(s):  
Neural Tube ◽  
Rho Gtpases ◽  
Cell Shape ◽  
Shape Change ◽  
Myosin Ii ◽  
Tube Formation ◽  
Neural Plate ◽  
Cell Shape Change ◽  
Neural Tube Formation

Although Rho-GTPases are well-known regulators of cytoskeletal reorganization, their in vivo distribution and physiological functions have remained elusive. In this study, we found marked apical accumulation of Rho in developing chick embryos undergoing folding of the neural plate during neural tube formation, with similar accumulation of activated myosin II. The timing of accumulation and biochemical activation of both Rho and myosin II was coincident with the dynamics of neural tube formation. Inhibition of Rho disrupted its apical accumulation and led to defects in neural tube formation, with abnormal morphology of the neural plate. Continuous activation of Rho also altered neural tube formation. These results indicate that correct spatiotemporal regulation of Rho is essential for neural tube morphogenesis. Furthermore, we found that a key morphogenetic signaling pathway, the Wnt/PCP pathway, was implicated in the apical accumulation of Rho and regulation of cell shape in the neural plate, suggesting that this signal may be the spatiotemporal regulator of Rho in neural tube formation.

scholarly journals Folate Infuence Wnt, Beta-catenin, and Cadherin Pathways during Neural Tube Formation(Extended abstract)

2008 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-121
Author(s):  
Yasuomi Nonaka ◽  
Yuzaburo Shimizu ◽  
Osamu Akiyama ◽  
Satoshi Tsutsumi ◽  
Yusuke Abe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neural Tube ◽  
Tube Formation ◽  
Beta Catenin ◽  
Neural Tube Formation

scholarly journals Cell intercalation driven by SMAD3 underlies secondary neural tube formation

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Gonzalez-Gobartt ◽  
José Blanco-Ameijeiras ◽  
Susana Usieto ◽  
Guillaume Allio ◽  
Bertrand Benazeraf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neural Tube ◽  
Epithelial To Mesenchymal Transition ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Tube Formation ◽  
List Type ◽  
Lumen Formation ◽  
Mesenchymal Transition ◽  
Cell Intercalation ◽  
Neural Tube Formation

SUMMARYBody axis elongation is a hallmark of the vertebrate embryo, involving the architectural remodelling of the tailbud. Although it is clear how bi-potential neuro-mesodermal progenitors (NMPs) contribute to embryo elongation, the dynamic events that lead to de novo lumen formation and that culminate in the formation of a 3-Dimensional, secondary neural tube from NMPs, are poorly understood. Here, we used in vivo imaging of the chicken embryo to show that cell intercalation downstream of TGF-beta/SMAD3 signalling is required for secondary neural tube formation. Our analysis describes the initial events in embryo elongation including lineage restriction, the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition of NMPs, and the initiation of lumen formation. Importantly, we show that the resolution of a single, centrally positioned continuous lumen, which occurs through the intercalation of central cells, requires SMAD3 activity. We anticipate that these findings will be relevant to understand caudal, skin-covered neural tube defects, amongst the most frequent birth defects detected in humans.HIGHLIGHTS.- Initiation of the lumen formation follows the acquisition of neural identity and epithelial polarization..- Programmed cell death is not required for lumen resolution..- Resolution of a single central lumen requires cell intercalation, driven by Smad3 activity.- The outcome of central cell division preceding cell intercalation, varies along the cranio-caudal axis.

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