Molecular phylogenetic analyses reveal a close relationship between powdery mildew fungi on some tropical trees and Erysiphe alphitoides, an oak powdery mildew

Papaya (Carica papaya L.) is an important fruit crop in many tropical and subtropical countries. Powdery mildew commonly affects this host, causing premature leaf loss, reduced yields and poor fruit quality. At least fifteen different fungi have been identified as the causal agents of papaya powdery mildew. Powdery mildew symptoms were detected on potted papaya plants growing in two locations in Hungary. This study aimed to identify the causal agents. Morphology of powdery mildew samples was examined, and sequences of two loci were used for molecular taxonomic identifications. Only anamophs were detected in all samples, and four morphological types were distinguished. Most samples had Pseudoidium anamorphs, while some were of the Fibroidium anamorph. Based on morphology and molecular taxonomy, the Fibroidium anamorph was identified as Podosphaera xanthii. The Pseudoidium anamorphs corresponded to three different Erysiphe species: E. cruciferarum, E. necator and an unidentified Erysiphe sp., for which molecular phylogenetic analyses showed it belonged to an unresolved species complex of E. malvae, E. heraclei and E. betae. Infectivity of P. xanthii and E. necator on papaya was verified with cross inoculations. A review of previous records of powdery mildew fungi infecting papaya is also provided. Podosphaera xanthii was known to infect, and E. cruciferarum was suspected to infect Carica papaya, while E. necator was recorded on this host only once previously. No powdery mildew fungus belonging to the E. malvae/E. heraclei/E. betae species complex is known to infect papaya or any other plants in the Caricaceae, so the unidentified Erysiphe sp. is a new record on papaya and the Caricaceae. This study indicates host range expansion of this powdery mildew fungus onto papaya.

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Phylogeny and morphology of genus Nephrocytium (Sphaeropleales, Chlorophyceae, Chlorophyta) from China

Phytotaxa ◽

10.11646/phytotaxa.319.1.4 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 319 (1) ◽

pp. 84 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

XUDONG LIU ◽

HUAN ZHU ◽

BENWEN LIU ◽

GUOXIANG LIU ◽

ZHENGYU HU

Keyword(s):

Phylogenetic Analyses ◽

Light And Electron Microscopy ◽

Taxonomic Position ◽

Phylogenetic Position ◽

Phytoplankton Communities ◽

Close Phylogenetic Relationship ◽

The Family ◽

Close Relationship ◽

Molecular Phylogenetic

The genus Nephrocytium Nägeli is a common member of phytoplankton communities that has a distinctive morphology. Its taxonomic position is traditionally considered to be within the family Oocystaceae (Trebouxiophyceae). However, research on its ultrastructure is rare, and the phylogenetic position has not yet been determined. In this study, two strains of Nephrocytium, N. agardhianum Nägeli and N. limneticum (G.M.Smith) G.M.Smith, were identified and successfully cultured in the laboratory. Morphological inspection by light and electron microscopy and molecular phylogenetic analyses were performed to explore the taxonomic position. Ultrastructure implied a likely irregular network of dense and fine ribs on the surface of the daughter cell wall that resembled that of the genus Chromochloris Kol & Chodat (Chromochloridaceae). Phylogenetic analyses revealed that Nephrocytium formed an independent lineage in the order Sphaeropleales (Chlorophyceae) with high support values and a close phylogenetic relationship with Chromochloris. Based on combined morphological, ultrastructural and phylogenetic data, we propose a re-classification of Nephrocytium into Sphaeropleales, sharing a close relationship with Chromochloris.

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Phylogenetic relationships of Australian Scirtidae (Coleoptera) based on mitochondrial and nuclear sequences

Invertebrate Systematics ◽

10.1071/is13046 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 28 (6) ◽

pp. 628 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Steven J. B. Cooper ◽

Christopher H. S. Watts ◽

Kathleen M. Saint ◽

Remko Leijs

Keyword(s):

Sequence Data ◽

Phylogenetic Analyses ◽

Elongation Factor ◽

Nuclear Gene ◽

Species Complexes ◽

Close Relationship ◽

Molecular Phylogenetic ◽

Coi Sequences ◽

Elongation Factor 1 ◽

Combined Data

Scirtidae is a cosmopolitan group of beetles with aquatic or saproxylic larvae. A large diversity of species has recently been described from Australia, but their systematics is uncertain. There is evidence that current genera are polyphyletic and that Australian species were wrongly placed in northern hemisphere genera. Here we investigate the systematics of Australian Scirtidae using molecular phylogenetic analyses of combined data from the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (COI) and nuclear gene elongation factor 1-α (EF1-α) genes. We also assess the current taxonomy of Australian Scirtidae using partial COI sequences. Bayesian phylogenetic analyses of COI and EF1-α sequence data from 81 taxa show that the Australian genera Contacyphon, Pseudomicrocara and Prionocyphon are polyphyletic. There is no close relationship between Australian and Eurasian genera, with the exception of Scirtes. Phylogenetic analyses of partial COI data from Australian Scirtidae generally support the current α taxonomy, with the exception of several species that may be associated with species complexes. Geographically a high proportion of species lineages are restricted to relict patches of wet forest suggesting that they may be relict populations. The phylogeny and sequence data presented here provide a sound basis for further systematic and biogeographical studies of the Scirtidae.

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Underestimated anuran radiations in the high Andes: five new species and a new genus of Holoadeninae, and their phylogenetic relationships (Anura: Craugastoridae)

Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society ◽

10.1093/zoolinnean/zlx020 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 182 (1) ◽

pp. 129-172 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Ignacio De la Riva ◽

Juan C Chaparro ◽

Santiago Castroviejo-Fisher ◽

José M Padial

Keyword(s):

New Species ◽

Species Diversity ◽

New Genus ◽

Phylogenetic Analyses ◽

Distribution Patterns ◽

Southern Peru ◽

The Andes ◽

Close Relationship ◽

Molecular Phylogenetic ◽

Taxonomic Research

AbstractDespite recent efforts to accelerate exploration and species description, the diversity of high Andean frogs remains highly underestimated. We report high levels of species diversity in direct-developing frogs or terraranas inhabiting the wet puna and adjacent cloud forests of the Amazonian versant of the Andes in Bolivia and Peru. Descriptive evidence of external morphology, distribution patterns and molecular phylogenetic analyses support the existence of nine unnamed species in two clades, which represents a 30% increase in species diversity for those clades. The relationships of these species and their relatives in Holoadeninae are tested using nuclear and mitochondrial genes for 159 terminals representing the 11 genera in this subfamily and 25 species of previously unknown relationships. Our results corroborate species monophyly in all but three cases and support the monophyly of all Holoadeninae genera, albeit the position of some differs between analyses. We propose a new genus (Microkayla gen. nov.) for the clade containing all Bolivian species formerly in Psychrophrynella plus five species from southern Peru. The new genus is monophyletic and supported by anatomical synapomorphies. Psychrophrynella is re-diagnosed and redefined to include three species from the Andes of southern Peru. We discuss the taxonomic instability associated with Noblella and Psychrophrynella due to the fact that the type species of both genera share a number of traits that support a close relationship. We also name and describe three new species of Bryophryne and two of Microkayla from Peru, provide baseline data for the future description of four Bolivian species of Microkayla, and describe the unknown mating calls of two species. Our results support that the grasslands of the Amazonian versant of the Andes harbour a large diversity of species with small altitudinal and horizontal distributions that replace each other along a latitudinal axis. These species belong to different lineages whose closest relatives are forest species, often from distant parts of the continent. These patterns suggest that high Andean environments were colonized several times independently by species with forest ancestors and which radiated into a multitude of species with remarkably similar ecomorphologies. The extent of these radiations remains obscured by a still rudimentary knowledge of species diversity due to insufficient fieldwork and taxonomic research.

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Taxonomic revision and phylogenetic analyses of rubber powdery mildew fungi

Microbial Pathogenesis ◽

10.1016/j.micpath.2017.01.054 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 105 ◽

pp. 185-195 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

K.K. Liyanage ◽

Sehroon Khan ◽

Siraprapa Brooks ◽

Peter E. Mortimer ◽

Samantha C. Karunarathna ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Powdery Mildew ◽

Phylogenetic Analyses ◽

Taxonomic Revision ◽

Powdery Mildew Fungi

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Powdery mildew caused by Erysiphe lespedezae (including Pseudoidium caesalpiniacearum, syn. nov.) on Bauhinia blakeana and B. purpurea in China

Phytotaxa ◽

10.11646/phytotaxa.345.1.4 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 345 (1) ◽

pp. 35 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

BIAO XU ◽

UWE BRAUN ◽

SHANHE ZHANG ◽

HUI YANG ◽

ZHI CAO ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Powdery Mildew ◽

Phylogenetic Analyses ◽

Morphological Characters ◽

Molecular Data ◽

Morphological Description ◽

New Host ◽

Rdna Sequences ◽

Powdery Mildews ◽

Molecular Phylogenetic ◽

28S Rdna Sequences

Bauhinia species are popular ornamental and medicinal plants with a pantropical distribution. In December 2016, powdery mildew symptoms were found on B. blakeana and B. purpurea in Guangdong, China. Based on ITS and 28S rDNA sequences, as well as morphological characters, the powdery mildew was identified as Erysiphe lespedezae. Previous records of powdery mildews on Bauhinia spp. are discussed. Based on morphological and molecular phylogenetic analyses of type material, Pseudoidium caesalpiniacearum is reduced to synonymy with E. lespedezae. To our best knowledge, this is the first report of E. lespedezae causing powdery mildew on B. purpurea in China, and B. blakeana as a new host. A detailed morphological description and molecular data are provided herein.

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Reprint of “Sequence and phylogenetic analyses of novel totivirus-like double-stranded RNAs from field-collected powdery mildew fungi”

Virus Research ◽

10.1016/j.virusres.2016.05.011 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 219 ◽

pp. 39-50 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Hideki Kondo ◽

Sakae Hisano ◽

Sotaro Chiba ◽

Kazuyuki Maruyama ◽

Ida Bagus Andika ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Powdery Mildew ◽

Phylogenetic Analyses ◽

Powdery Mildew Fungi

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No Indication of Strict Host Associations in a Widespread Mycoparasite: Grapevine Powdery Mildew (Erysiphe necator) Is Attacked by Phylogenetically Distant Ampelomyces Strains in the Field

Phytopathology ◽

10.1094/phyto-10-11-0270 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 102 (7) ◽

pp. 707-716 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

Alexandra Pintye ◽

Zsolt Bereczky ◽

Gábor M. Kovács ◽

László G. Nagy ◽

Xiangming Xu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Powdery Mildew ◽

Environmental Fate ◽

Phylogenetic Analyses ◽

Inter Simple Sequence Repeat ◽

Issr Markers ◽

Genetic Distances ◽

Nuclear Ribosomal Dna ◽

Erysiphe Necator ◽

Grapevine Powdery Mildew ◽

Powdery Mildew Fungi

Pycnidial fungi belonging to the genus Ampelomyces are common intracellular mycoparasites of powdery mildews worldwide. Some strains have already been developed as commercial biocontrol agents (BCAs) of Erysiphe necator and other powdery mildew species infecting important crops. One of the basic, and still debated, questions concerning the tritrophic relationships between host plants, powdery mildew fungi, and Ampelomyces mycoparasites is whether Ampelomyces strains isolated from certain species of the Erysiphales are narrowly specialized to their original mycohosts or are generalist mycoparasites of many powdery mildew fungi. This is also important for the use of Ampelomyces strains as BCAs. To understand this relationship, the nuclear ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and partial actin gene (act1) sequences of 55 Ampelomyces strains from E. necator were analyzed together with those of 47 strains isolated from other powdery mildew species. These phylogenetic analyses distinguished five major clades and strains from E. necator that were present in all but one clade. This work was supplemented with the selection of nine inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers for strain-specific identification of Ampelomyces mycoparasites to monitor the environmental fate of strains applied as BCAs. The genetic distances among strains calculated based on ISSR patterns have also highlighted the genetic diversity of Ampelomyces mycoparasites naturally occurring in grapevine powdery mildew. Overall, this work showed that Ampelomyces strains isolated from E. necator are genetically diverse and there is no indication of strict mycohost associations in these strains. However, these results cannot rule out a certain degree of quantitative association between at least some of the Ampelomyces lineages identified in this work and their original mycohosts.

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Circinella simplex—a misapplied name of Mucor circinatus sp. nov.

Phytotaxa ◽

10.11646/phytotaxa.329.3.8 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 329 (3) ◽

pp. 269 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

DIOGO X. LIMA ◽

CRISTINA M. SOUZA-MOTTA ◽

LYSETT WAGNER ◽

KERSTIN VOIGT ◽

CARLOS A. F. DE SOUZA ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Geographic Distribution ◽

Phylogenetic Analyses ◽

Original Description ◽

Atlantic Rainforest ◽

Undescribed Species ◽

Close Relationship ◽

Genus Mucor ◽

Molecular Phylogenetic ◽

Morphological Differences ◽

Sporangial Wall

Circinella (Mucorales, Mucoromycotina) is morphologically similar to Mucor, differing by the production of circinate sporangiophores and sporangia with a persistent and incrusted sporangial wall. During a study on the diversity of Mucorales in areas of the Atlantic Rainforest in Brazil, we isolated a strain that fits the current morphological concept of C. simplex of Hesseltine and Fennell (1955) by forming simple circinate sporangiophores with secondary branches and angular sporangiospores. Molecular phylogenetic analyses based on three different markers (ITS, LSU and MCM7) confirmed conspecificity of the Brazilian strain with other angular spored strains of the CBS collection including the strain studied by Hesseltine & Fennell (1955). The molecular phylogenetic analyses clearly placed these strains in the genus Mucor in the close relationship to M. laxorrhizus and M. fuscus. However, in his original description van Tieghem (1875) described and illustrated C. simplex with sporangiophores without secondary branches and globose sporangiospores. Based on these striking morphological differences combined with a differing geographic distribution, we conclude that the angular-spored strains represent a separate undescribed species for which we propose the name Mucor circinatus sp. nov.

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Impatiens wuyiensis (Balsaminaceae), a new species from Fujian of Southeast China, based on morphological and molecular evidences

Botanical Studies ◽

10.1186/s40529-020-00306-1 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 61 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Jian-Sheng Wang ◽

Yi-Fei Lu ◽

Yue-Liang Xu ◽

Shui-Hu Jin ◽

Xiao-Feng Jin

Keyword(s):

New Species ◽

Phylogenetic Analyses ◽

Pollen Grains ◽

Morphological Characters ◽

Molecular Data ◽

Southeast China ◽

Unknown Species ◽

Close Relationship ◽

Molecular Phylogenetic ◽

Corolla Morphology

Abstract Background Southeast Asia, together with tropical Africa, Madagascar, South India and Sri Lanka, and the eastern Himalayas, are the five primary hotspots of species diversity of Impatiens (Balsaminaceae). China is also rich in Impatiens species, especially in the limestone karsts or ‘Danxia’ landforms. With zygomorphic flowers and diverse corolla morphology and color, the species in Impatiens are well-known for their ornamental use, but they are also notorious in taxonomy. During the preparation of revision of Impatiens in Zhejiang and adjacent regions, an unknown species was collected from Mt. Wuyi in Fujian Province, Southeast China. Results Phylogenetic analyses based on nuclear ITS, chloroplast atpB-rbcL and trnL-F sequences, together with micromorphology of pollen grains and seed coats, strongly supported the close relationship of the new species with Impatiens platysepala Y.L.Chen and I. chloroxantha Y.L.Chen. In turn, both molecular data and morphological characters also were sufficient to distinguish the new species from the other two counterparts. Conclusions Our detailed morphological observations and molecular phylogenetic analyses support the recognition of Impatiens wuyiensis as a species new to science.

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