Circinella simplex—a misapplied name of Mucor circinatus sp. nov.

Phytotaxa ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 329 (3) ◽  
pp. 269 ◽  
Author(s):  
DIOGO X. LIMA ◽  
CRISTINA M. SOUZA-MOTTA ◽  
LYSETT WAGNER ◽  
KERSTIN VOIGT ◽  
CARLOS A. F. DE SOUZA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Geographic Distribution ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Original Description ◽  
Atlantic Rainforest ◽  
Undescribed Species ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Genus Mucor ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic ◽  
Morphological Differences ◽  
Sporangial Wall

Circinella (Mucorales, Mucoromycotina) is morphologically similar to Mucor, differing by the production of circinate sporangiophores and sporangia with a persistent and incrusted sporangial wall. During a study on the diversity of Mucorales in areas of the Atlantic Rainforest in Brazil, we isolated a strain that fits the current morphological concept of C. simplex of Hesseltine and Fennell (1955) by forming simple circinate sporangiophores with secondary branches and angular sporangiospores. Molecular phylogenetic analyses based on three different markers (ITS, LSU and MCM7) confirmed conspecificity of the Brazilian strain with other angular spored strains of the CBS collection including the strain studied by Hesseltine & Fennell (1955). The molecular phylogenetic analyses clearly placed these strains in the genus Mucor in the close relationship to M. laxorrhizus and M. fuscus. However, in his original description van Tieghem (1875) described and illustrated C. simplex with sporangiophores without secondary branches and globose sporangiospores. Based on these striking morphological differences combined with a differing geographic distribution, we conclude that the angular-spored strains represent a separate undescribed species for which we propose the name Mucor circinatus sp. nov.

scholarly journals Fungia fungites (Linnaeus, 1758) (Scleractinia, Fungiidae) is a species complex that conceals large phenotypic variation and a previously unrecognized genus

2020 ◽  
Vol 89 (2) ◽  
pp. 188-209
Author(s):  
Yutaro Oku ◽  
Kenji Iwao ◽  
Bert W. Hoeksema ◽  
Naoko Dewa ◽  
Hiroyuki Tachikawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Complex ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Scleractinian Corals ◽  
Type Specimens ◽  
Mitochondrial Coi ◽  
Clade B ◽  
Unknown Species ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic ◽  
Morphological Differences

Recent molecular phylogenetic analyses of scleractinian corals have resulted in the discovery of cryptic lineages. To understand species diversity in corals, these lineages need to be taxonomically defined. In the present study, we report the discovery of a distinct lineage obscured by the traditional morphological variation of Fungia fungites. This taxon exists as two distinct morphs: attached and unattached. Molecular phylogenetic analyses using mitochondrial COI and nuclear ITS markers as well as morphological comparisons were performed to clarify their phylogenetic relationships and taxonomic positions. Molecular data revealed that F. fungites consists of two genetically distinct clades (A and B). Clade A is sister to a lineage including Danafungia scruposa and Halomitra pileus, while clade B formed an independent lineage genetically distant from these three species. The two morphs were also found to be included in both clades, although the attached morph was predominantly found in clade A. Morphologically, both clades were statistically different in density of septal dentation, septal number, and septal teeth shape. These results indicate that F. fungites as presently recognized is actually a species complex including at least two species. After checking type specimens, we conclude that specimens in clade A represent true F. fungites with two morphs (unattached and attached) and that all of those in clade B represent an unknown species and genus comprising an unattached morph with only one exception. These findings suggest that more unrecognized taxa with hitherto unnoticed morphological differences can be present among scleractinian corals.

scholarly journals Phylogeny and morphology of genus Nephrocytium (Sphaeropleales, Chlorophyceae, Chlorophyta) from China

Phytotaxa ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 319 (1) ◽  
pp. 84 ◽  
Author(s):  
XUDONG LIU ◽  
HUAN ZHU ◽  
BENWEN LIU ◽  
GUOXIANG LIU ◽  
ZHENGYU HU
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Light And Electron Microscopy ◽  
Taxonomic Position ◽  
Phylogenetic Position ◽  
Phytoplankton Communities ◽  
Close Phylogenetic Relationship ◽  
The Family ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic

The genus Nephrocytium Nägeli is a common member of phytoplankton communities that has a distinctive morphology. Its taxonomic position is traditionally considered to be within the family Oocystaceae (Trebouxiophyceae). However, research on its ultrastructure is rare, and the phylogenetic position has not yet been determined. In this study, two strains of Nephrocytium, N. agardhianum Nägeli and N. limneticum (G.M.Smith) G.M.Smith, were identified and successfully cultured in the laboratory. Morphological inspection by light and electron microscopy and molecular phylogenetic analyses were performed to explore the taxonomic position. Ultrastructure implied a likely irregular network of dense and fine ribs on the surface of the daughter cell wall that resembled that of the genus Chromochloris Kol & Chodat (Chromochloridaceae). Phylogenetic analyses revealed that Nephrocytium formed an independent lineage in the order Sphaeropleales (Chlorophyceae) with high support values and a close phylogenetic relationship with Chromochloris. Based on combined morphological, ultrastructural and phylogenetic data, we propose a re-classification of Nephrocytium into Sphaeropleales, sharing a close relationship with Chromochloris.

Phylogenetic relationships of Australian Scirtidae (Coleoptera) based on mitochondrial and nuclear sequences

2014 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 628 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven J. B. Cooper ◽  
Christopher H. S. Watts ◽  
Kathleen M. Saint ◽  
Remko Leijs
Keyword(s):  
Sequence Data ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Elongation Factor ◽  
Nuclear Gene ◽  
Species Complexes ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic ◽  
Coi Sequences ◽  
Elongation Factor 1 ◽  
Combined Data

Scirtidae is a cosmopolitan group of beetles with aquatic or saproxylic larvae. A large diversity of species has recently been described from Australia, but their systematics is uncertain. There is evidence that current genera are polyphyletic and that Australian species were wrongly placed in northern hemisphere genera. Here we investigate the systematics of Australian Scirtidae using molecular phylogenetic analyses of combined data from the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (COI) and nuclear gene elongation factor 1-α (EF1-α) genes. We also assess the current taxonomy of Australian Scirtidae using partial COI sequences. Bayesian phylogenetic analyses of COI and EF1-α sequence data from 81 taxa show that the Australian genera Contacyphon, Pseudomicrocara and Prionocyphon are polyphyletic. There is no close relationship between Australian and Eurasian genera, with the exception of Scirtes. Phylogenetic analyses of partial COI data from Australian Scirtidae generally support the current α taxonomy, with the exception of several species that may be associated with species complexes. Geographically a high proportion of species lineages are restricted to relict patches of wet forest suggesting that they may be relict populations. The phylogeny and sequence data presented here provide a sound basis for further systematic and biogeographical studies of the Scirtidae.

Underestimated anuran radiations in the high Andes: five new species and a new genus of Holoadeninae, and their phylogenetic relationships (Anura: Craugastoridae)

2017 ◽  
Vol 182 (1) ◽  
pp. 129-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ignacio De la Riva ◽  
Juan C Chaparro ◽  
Santiago Castroviejo-Fisher ◽  
José M Padial
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Species Diversity ◽  
New Genus ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Southern Peru ◽  
The Andes ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic ◽  
Taxonomic Research

AbstractDespite recent efforts to accelerate exploration and species description, the diversity of high Andean frogs remains highly underestimated. We report high levels of species diversity in direct-developing frogs or terraranas inhabiting the wet puna and adjacent cloud forests of the Amazonian versant of the Andes in Bolivia and Peru. Descriptive evidence of external morphology, distribution patterns and molecular phylogenetic analyses support the existence of nine unnamed species in two clades, which represents a 30% increase in species diversity for those clades. The relationships of these species and their relatives in Holoadeninae are tested using nuclear and mitochondrial genes for 159 terminals representing the 11 genera in this subfamily and 25 species of previously unknown relationships. Our results corroborate species monophyly in all but three cases and support the monophyly of all Holoadeninae genera, albeit the position of some differs between analyses. We propose a new genus (Microkayla gen. nov.) for the clade containing all Bolivian species formerly in Psychrophrynella plus five species from southern Peru. The new genus is monophyletic and supported by anatomical synapomorphies. Psychrophrynella is re-diagnosed and redefined to include three species from the Andes of southern Peru. We discuss the taxonomic instability associated with Noblella and Psychrophrynella due to the fact that the type species of both genera share a number of traits that support a close relationship. We also name and describe three new species of Bryophryne and two of Microkayla from Peru, provide baseline data for the future description of four Bolivian species of Microkayla, and describe the unknown mating calls of two species. Our results support that the grasslands of the Amazonian versant of the Andes harbour a large diversity of species with small altitudinal and horizontal distributions that replace each other along a latitudinal axis. These species belong to different lineages whose closest relatives are forest species, often from distant parts of the continent. These patterns suggest that high Andean environments were colonized several times independently by species with forest ancestors and which radiated into a multitude of species with remarkably similar ecomorphologies. The extent of these radiations remains obscured by a still rudimentary knowledge of species diversity due to insufficient fieldwork and taxonomic research.

A revision of the genus Seligeria (Seligeriaceae, Bryophyta) in Russia inferred from molecular data

Phytotaxa ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 323 (1) ◽  
pp. 27 ◽  
Author(s):  
VLADIMIR E. FEDOSOV ◽  
ALINA V. FEDOROVA ◽  
ELENA A. IGNATOVA ◽  
MICHAEL S. IGNATOV
Keyword(s):  
Sequence Data ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Phylogenetic Group ◽  
Undescribed Species ◽  
Dna Sequence Data ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic ◽  
Nuclear Its ◽  
Sister Relationships ◽  
Central Strand

The genus Seligeria is revised based on morphological and DNA sequence data of nuclear ITS and chloroplastic trnL-F. Fifteen species from most infrageneric units of the genus are recovered in two well supported phylogenetic clusters that are also distinctive in morphology. The clade with the type species of the genus, S. pusilla, includes also S. donniana, S. brevifolia, S. calcarea, S. patula, S. tristichoides, S. trifaria, and S. oelandica. These species are characterized by short, cupulate or turbinate capsules widened towards the mouth, and the lack of a stem central strand. Another clade includes species with rather long, mainly ovate to cylindrical capsules and more or less developed stem central strand: S. campylopoda, S. recurvata, S. subimmersa, S. diversifolia, and S. polaris. These two clusters do not show sister relationships, but the second one appears more closely related to the Blindia clade. To resolve the apparent paraphyly, the latter phylogenetic group is segregated in a genus Blindiadelphus. In some aspects of morphology and ecology it is intermediate between Seligeria s. str. and Blindia, but differs from both genera in subquadrate upper leaf cells and thin- to moderately thick-walled rectangular exothecial cells. Molecular phylogenetic analyses revealed heterogeneity within the specimens previously referred to Blindiadelphus campylopodus, indicating a presence in Asian Russia of an undescribed species that is described here as Blindiadelphus sibiricus. It differs from B. campylopodus by the larger spores and typically rounded leaf apices. The isotype specimen of S. galinae appeared to be nearly identical to S. donniana in the sequences of ITS and trnL-F, and examination of morphology revealed no substantial differences between these species. Thus, we consider S. galinae as a synonym of S. donniana. The genus Blindiadelphus includes species of Seligeria subg. Blindiadelphus and S. subg. Cyrtoseligeria, which however are found intermingled in the molecular phylogenetic analysis. Thus the genus Blindiadelphus is accepted without any infrageneric taxa. The phylogenetic tree is congruent with the subdivision of the genus Seligeria s.str into subg. Seligeria, subg. Anodon, subg. Megalosporia and one newly established subgenus Robustidontia for S. brevifolia.

Description of a new species of the genus Anguillonema Fuchs, 1938 (Nematoda: Sphaerularioidea) with an identification key to the species

2018 ◽  
Vol 93 (04) ◽  
pp. 504-512
Author(s):  
A. Yaghoubi ◽  
E. Pourjam ◽  
M. Pedram
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Thin Body ◽  
Molecular Characteristics ◽  
Lateral Field ◽  
Phylogenetic Studies ◽  
Sister Clade ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic ◽  
Morphological Differences ◽  
18S Rdna Sequence

AbstractAnguillonema iranicum n. sp. is described and illustrated as the second species of this genus from Iran, based on morphological, morphometric and molecular characteristics. It is identified by a short, thin body, a continuous lip region, six lines on the lateral field, a short, thin stylet, a posteriorly located pharyngo-intestinal junction to excretory pore, the presence of a post-vulval uterine sac, vulval position at 89% (87.4–89.9%) of body length, an elongate conoid tail with a rounded to pointed tip and not dorsally bent, and common functional males with short spicules and lacking a bursa. Morphological differences between the new species and the three known species of the genus, namely A. amolensis, A. crenati and A. poligraphi, are discussed. Molecular phylogenetic studies of the new species using partial 18S rDNA sequence revealed that it formed a sister clade with three species of Howardula, one species of Anguillonema and one unidentified isolate. In phylogenetic analyses using partial sequences of 28S rDNA D2-D3 segment, the new species formed a clade with two isolates of Parasitylenchus. A key to identification of Anguillonema species is also presented.

scholarly journals Ongoing revision of Echiniscoididae (Heterotardigrada: Echiniscoidea), with the description of a new interstitial species and genus with unique anal structures

2019 ◽  
Vol 188 (3) ◽  
pp. 663-680 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadja Møbjerg ◽  
Aslak Jørgensen ◽  
Reinhardt M Kristensen
Keyword(s):  
New Genus ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Undescribed Species ◽  
Intertidal Sediments ◽  
Species Complexes ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Unidentified Species ◽  
Coi Sequences

Abstract Marine tidal heterotardigrades (Echiniscoididae) have gained increasing interest owing to their unique adaptations and evolutionary position, bridging marine and limnoterrestrial taxa. Echiniscoididae was established to accommodate the marine genera Anisonyches and Echiniscoides. However, it has become apparent that Anisonyches, with its claw configuration, median cirrus and seminal receptacles, clearly has little or no affinity to tidal echiniscoidids with supernumerary claws. Consequently, we establish Anisonychidae fam. nov. to accommodate Anisonyches in a paraphyletic Arthrotardigrada and discuss its affinity to other heterotardigrade taxa. We recently split Echiniscoides into Isoechiniscoides and Echiniscoides s.l. The latter remains a miscellany of species complexes and undescribed genera, and it has become evident that a larger number of echiniscoidids belonging to Echiniscoides, Isoechiniscoides and undescribed genera coexist in intertidal sediments. Here, we erect Neoechiniscoides aski gen. nov., sp. nov. from Roscoff, France, which has a unique anal system, characterized by prominent lateral lobes with a set of wing-like structures. Phylogenetic analyses based on COI sequences infer a close relationship between N. aski, an undescribed species from Roscoff and unidentified species from Maine, USA. We propose that the new genus includes the former Echiniscoides species Echiniscoides pollocki and Echiniscoides horningi, which we hereby transfer.

A tale of two genera: the revival of Hoplodoris (Nudibranchia: Discodorididae) with the description of new species of Hoplodoris and Asteronotus

Zootaxa ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4890 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-37
Author(s):  
SAMANTHA A. DONOHOO ◽  
TERRENCE M. GOSLINER
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Marine Ecosystem ◽  
Undescribed Species ◽  
The Family ◽  
The World ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic ◽  
Taxonomic Changes ◽  
Distinct Separation ◽  
The Western Pacific

Nudibranchs in the family Discodorididae are generally medium (~30mm) to large (> 50mm) in size, sometimes cryptic, and are found in almost every marine ecosystem around the world. The diversity and systematics of the genera within Discodorididae are poorly understood and have led to numerous taxonomic changes. Hoplodoris Bergh, 1880 has recently been considered a synonym of Asteronotus Ehrenberg, 1831; however, morphological and molecular phylogenetic analyses reveal a distinct separation between these two genera. Here we provide a re-description of the type species Hoplodoris desmoparypha as well as descriptions of four undescribed species of Asteronotus and Hoplodoris. Bayesian inference and maximum likelihood analyses of two mitochondrial and two nuclear genes were used to evaluate the phylogenetic positions of the new species and clarify the relationships between Asteronotus and Hoplodoris to the rest of the Discodorididae. Based on our results, Hoplodoris is removed from synonymy with Asteronotus. Descriptions for Asteronotus markaensis sp. nov., and Asteronotus namuro sp. nov. from the Red Sea, as well as Hoplodoris balbon sp. nov. and Hoplodoris rosans sp. nov. from the western Pacific are provided. 

Molecular phylogenetic analyses reveal a close relationship between powdery mildew fungi on some tropical trees and Erysiphe alphitoides, an oak powdery mildew

Mycoscience ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 47 (6) ◽  
pp. 327-335 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saranya Limkaisang ◽  
Susumu Takamatsu ◽  
James Henry Cunnington ◽  
Liew Kon Wui ◽  
Baharuddin Salleh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Tropical Trees ◽  
Erysiphe Alphitoides ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic ◽  
Powdery Mildew Fungi

scholarly journals Carybdea alata auct. (Cubozoa): rediscovery of the Alatina grandis type

Zootaxa ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 2713 (1) ◽  
pp. 52 ◽  
Author(s):  
BASTIAN BENTLAGE
Keyword(s):  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Smithsonian Institution ◽  
Type Specimen ◽  
Nominal Species ◽  
Separate Species ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic ◽  
History Of ◽  
Morphological Differences

Numerous nominal species have been considered synonymous with Carybdea alata Reynaud, 1830 (cf. Gershwin 2005). A recent revision concluded that several of the species collectively referred to as C. alata are valid and indeed separate species (Gershwin 2005; but see also Bentlage et al. 2010). Additionally, these species (including C. alata) were moved into the genus Alatina Gershwin 2005 (family Alatinidae Gershwin, 2005) because of stark morphological differences they display compared to the other species of Carybdea. In particular, Alatina species possess crescentic phacellae and a rhopaliar niche ostium that is covered by a single upper and two lateral scales (t-shaped sensu Gershwin 2005; cf. Bigelow 1938) compared to a single upper covering scale (heart-shaped sensu Gershwin 2005; cf. Bigelow 1938) and epaulette-like or linear phacellae in the corners of the stomach in Carybdea species. Recent molecular phylogenetic analyses support the separation of Carybdea and Alatina (Bentlage et al. 2010). Alatina grandis posed a problem in Gershwin's (2005) revision, as the type of this species appeared to be lost to science, preventing a closer investigation of its identity. I located a type specimen of the species in the collections of the National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution (USNM). The purpose of this letter is to draw attention to this important specimen, and highlight directions for future studies on the evolutionary history of the genus Alatina.

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