scholarly journals Carbon Border Adjustment and Other Trade Policy Approaches for Climate Protection

2021 ◽  
Vol 56 (6) ◽  
pp. 310-316
Author(s):  
Galina Kolev
Keyword(s):  
Trade Policy ◽  
Climate Protection ◽  
Playing Field ◽  
Adjustment Mechanism ◽  
Border Adjustment

AbstractThe idea of a carbon border adjustment mechanism (CBAM) is crucial to level the playing field between domestic producers and foreign suppliers of carbon-intensive products.

scholarly journals Treibhausgasneutralität 2045/2050: Verschärfung der nationalen und der europäischen Klimaziele

2021 ◽  
Vol 101 (8) ◽  
pp. 638-644
Author(s):  
Hans-Wilhelm Schiffer
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Leakage ◽  
Adjustment Mechanism ◽  
Border Adjustment

ZusammenfassungAuf nationaler und auf europäischer Ebene sind die zuvor bestehenden Klimaziele deutlich verschärft worden. Die neuen Vorgaben, mit denen in Deutschland 2045 und in der EU27 bis 2050 Treibhausgasneutralität erreicht werden soll, werden ebenso dargestellt wie die Instrumente, mit denen die Bundesregierung und die EU diesen Zielen gerecht zu werden beabsichtigen. In dem „Fit for 55 Package“, das die EU-Kommission am 14. Juli 2021 vorgeschlagen hat, wird zur Vermeidung von Carbon Leakage die Einführung eines „Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism“ (CBAM) vorgeschlagen. Die Eckpunkte dieses Vorschlags werden skizziert und einer Bewertung unterzogen. Allerdings wäre eine internationale Verständigung auf einen CO2-Mindestpreis innerhalb der G20 dem von der EU-Kommission befürworteten CBAM deutlich überlegen.

Carbon border taxes raise international dispute risks

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Emission Trading ◽  
Climate Mitigation ◽  
Trade Disputes ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Adjustment Mechanism ◽  
Climate Policies ◽  
International Dispute ◽  
Demand Patterns ◽  
The Eu ◽  
Border Adjustment

Significance Increasingly demanding climate mitigation targets in some economies have raised concerns over industry competitiveness and possible relocations of carbon-intensive industries. The EU plans a ‘carbon border adjustment mechanism’ (CBAM), effectively a tax, by 2023, to penalise imports from economies without comparable climate policies. These types of measures strengthen industry support for such policies, but risk triggering trade disputes. Impacts Efforts to link different emission trading schemes will grow. Decarbonisation policies will change demand patterns for manufacturing inputs. Developing countries’ climate diplomacy will need to be coordinated with their trade ministries.

scholarly journals Impact of EU’s Cross-border Adjustment Mechanism on Russia

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 452-477
Author(s):  
A. Votinov ◽  
◽  
S. Lazaryan ◽  
S. Radionov ◽  
S. Sudakov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adjustment Mechanism ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
Border Adjustment

scholarly journals The global trend towards decarbonization of the economy, the introduction of the Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism in the EU and the possible consequences for Russia

2021 ◽  
Vol 129 ◽  
pp. 09021
Author(s):  
Vladimir Sh. Urazgaliev ◽  
V. Novikov Andrey ◽  
A. Menshikova Galina
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
Carbon Neutrality ◽  
Adjustment Mechanism ◽  
Reduce Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Energy Products ◽  
Climate Neutrality ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Eu ◽  
Border Adjustment

Research background: In the process of implementing the Paris Agreement (2015), Europe is a leader in the formation of new legislative initiatives in order to develop a set of effective measures to reduce greenhouse gas emissions in the atmosphere. The European Commission approved the European Green Deal (2015) - a strategy for achieving the EU parameters of climate neutrality through the transition to a clean circular economy. Its main goal is to reduce carbon dioxide emissions by 2030 by 50 - 55% from 1990 levels and achieve full carbon neutrality of the EU by 2050. As part of this strategy, the Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM) is being developed. The introduction of CBAM means a revolutionary transformation in the system of international economic relations. Purpose of the article is to identify and assess possible risks for producers and consumers, primarily of energy products after the introduction of CBAM, as well as the impact of these risks on Russian exports to Europe. Methods: The authors carried out a comparative analysis of scenarios for the implementation of CBAM in the sectorial and product segments of trade between Russia and the EU. Findings: The article contains comparative assessments of the beginning redistribution of international markets in the sectoral and product coverage of emissions, as well as an analysis of the unfolding contradictions in the verification of methods for determining the carbon footprint in the production chains of the real sector of the economy.

The Politics of Carbon Leakage and the Fairness of Border Measures

2010 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 367-393 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robyn Eckersley
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Emission Trading ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Carbon Leakage ◽  
Leadership Responsibilities ◽  
Playing Field ◽  
Climate Regulation ◽  
Production And Consumption ◽  
Border Adjustment

The article critically examines domestic political concerns about the competitive disadvantages and possible carbon leakage arising from the introduction of domestic emission trading legislation and the fairness of applying carbon equalization measures at the border as a response to these concerns. I argue that the border adjustment measures proposed in the emissions trading bills that have been presented to Congress amount to an evasion of the U.S.'s leadership responsibilities under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). I also show how the “level commercial playing field” justification for border measures that has dominated U.S. domestic debates is narrow and lopsided because it focuses only on the competitive disadvantages and direct carbon leakage that may flow from climate regulation while ignoring general shifts in the production and consumption of emissions in the global economy, which have enabled the outsourcing of emission to developing countries. The UNFCC production-based method of emissions accounting enables Northern consumers to enjoy the benefit of cheaper imports from Southern producers and to attribute the emissions associated with this consumption to the South. I argue that it is possible to design fair border measures that address carbon leakage, are consistent with the leadership responsibilities of developed countries, do not penalize developing countries, and ensure that consumers take some responsibility for the emissions outsourced to developing countries.

Implementation of the Paris Agreement on Global Climate: European Carbon Blackmail of Russia and Possibilities of Countering It

2021 ◽  
pp. 77-93
Author(s):  
Sergey Anatolyevich Roginko ◽  
Sergey Nikolaevich Silvestrov
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Tax ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Paris Agreement ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
Adjustment Mechanism ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Carbon Taxation ◽  
The Eu ◽  
Border Adjustment

The subject of the analysis is the EU initiative to introduce the so-called Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism developed within the framework of the «European Green Deal» adopted in 2019 and its possible impact on the Russian exporting industries. The author examines in detail the genesis of European initiatives in the field of border carbon tax, draws a parallel between the Border Carbon Correction Mechanism and the early EU initiatives on carbon taxation of flights of foreign airlines operating in airports of EU countries. Recommendations are given on possible measures to hedge risks associated with this EU initiative, including the possibility of blocking the EU initiative in the international arena, including the positions of the leading world powers on this issue, is analyzed. The tactics of interaction on this issue with such large global exporters as China, India, Brazil and others are proposed.

WTO Compatibility of Border Tax Adjustments as a Means for Promoting Environmental Protection

elni Review ◽  
2010 ◽  
pp. 53-58
Author(s):  
Rike U. Krämer
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Protection ◽  
National Level ◽  
World Trade Organisation ◽  
General Context ◽  
Climate Protection ◽  
International Agreement ◽  
Level Playing Field ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Playing Field ◽  
Border Tax Adjustments

Even before the United Nations Climate Change Conference in Copenhagen – also known as the 15th Conference of the Parties (COP 15) – failed, a climate protection instrument other than a legally-binding international agreement had been discussed at regional and national level: border tax adjustments (hereafter BTA). Lacking an international agreement, BTAs have been regarded as another option for creating a level playing field between states with an ambitious climate protection regime and states without such regulations. Not only did drafts for a US climate law provide the opportunity for establishing BTAs (not yet enacted) such measures were also discussed within the European Union. Yet, some concerns have been recently expressed about BTAs. Apart from practical questions (e.g. measuring the carbon impact and the tax tariff) legal questions concerning BTAs have been raised, especially the legality of BTAs under World Trade Organisation (WTO) law. While not dealing with the specificities of the applicability of BTAs in greater detail, this article aims to provide a broad overview of the potential of BTAs to promote environmental protection and their compatibility with WTO law. In order to do so, the rationale behind BTAs and the mechanism of achieving a level playing field with this instrument are examined, a definition of BTAs is provided and the question of the legality of BTAs under WTO law is addressed in a general context.

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