scholarly journals The global trend towards decarbonization of the economy, the introduction of the Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism in the EU and the possible consequences for Russia

2021 ◽  
Vol 129 ◽  
pp. 09021
Author(s):  
Vladimir Sh. Urazgaliev ◽  
V. Novikov Andrey ◽  
A. Menshikova Galina
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
Carbon Neutrality ◽  
Adjustment Mechanism ◽  
Reduce Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Energy Products ◽  
Climate Neutrality ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Eu ◽  
Border Adjustment

Research background: In the process of implementing the Paris Agreement (2015), Europe is a leader in the formation of new legislative initiatives in order to develop a set of effective measures to reduce greenhouse gas emissions in the atmosphere. The European Commission approved the European Green Deal (2015) - a strategy for achieving the EU parameters of climate neutrality through the transition to a clean circular economy. Its main goal is to reduce carbon dioxide emissions by 2030 by 50 - 55% from 1990 levels and achieve full carbon neutrality of the EU by 2050. As part of this strategy, the Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM) is being developed. The introduction of CBAM means a revolutionary transformation in the system of international economic relations. Purpose of the article is to identify and assess possible risks for producers and consumers, primarily of energy products after the introduction of CBAM, as well as the impact of these risks on Russian exports to Europe. Methods: The authors carried out a comparative analysis of scenarios for the implementation of CBAM in the sectorial and product segments of trade between Russia and the EU. Findings: The article contains comparative assessments of the beginning redistribution of international markets in the sectoral and product coverage of emissions, as well as an analysis of the unfolding contradictions in the verification of methods for determining the carbon footprint in the production chains of the real sector of the economy.

scholarly journals ACHIEVING CARBON NEUTRALITY THROUGH THE INTRODUCTION OF TAXATION TOOLS

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (12(62)) ◽  
pp. 58-61
Author(s):  
Zh. P. Alexandrova ◽  
S.A. Kat
Keyword(s):  
Economic Assessment ◽  
Carbon Neutrality ◽  
Carbon Regulation ◽  
Adjustment Mechanism ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
Industrial Sectors ◽  
Regulation Mechanisms ◽  
Paris Climate Agreement ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Border Adjustment

The ESG-agenda is becoming more significant, the authorities and large corporations are paying more attention to the greening of business. The issue of decarbonization of the economy has become acute at the international level after the entry into force of the Paris Climate Agreement in 2016. The purpose of the work: to study the proposed initiatives to achieve carbon neutrality and to study the impact of carbon regulation mechanisms on the development of industry in Russia, in accordance with it, the following tasks are formed: to describe the mechanism of cross-border carbon regulation (Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism, CBAM), to give an economic assessment of the impact of industrial sectors in Russia, as well as to consider domestic initiatives to create carbon regulation.

scholarly journals ASSESSMENT OF LOSSES OF THE ECONOMY OF KAZAKHSTAN FROM THE INTRODUCTION OF THE EU BORDER CARBON TAX

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
С.Н. Алпысбаева ◽  
А.А. Бакдолотов ◽  
Н.Н. Жанакова ◽  
S. Alpysbayeva ◽  
A. Bakdolotov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Tax ◽  
Global Supply Chain ◽  
Import Duty ◽  
Preliminary Assessment ◽  
Adjustment Mechanism ◽  
Reduction Of Emissions ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Eu ◽  
Border Adjustment

Статья посвящена изучению вопроса введения ЕС углеродного корректирующего пограничного механизма (далее - УКПМ), в структуре которого предусмотрена импортная пошлина на углеродоёмкие импортные товары. Для экспорто-ориентированных стран данный налог означает наличие высоких рисков снижения выручки от экспорта энергоресурсов в Европу, а также в другие страны. Авторами изучены предпосылки введения углеродного корректирующего пограничного механизма, введение и реализация которого ориентирована на сокращение выбросов парниковых газов в ЕС, а также стимулирование сокращений выбросов в других странах. Представлены краткие результаты проведенных международных исследований таких компаний, как Boston Consulting Group, KPMG по оценке эффектов введения УКПМ на международную торговлю. В статье также сделана предварительная оценка потерь Казахстана от введения ЕС углеродного корректирующего пограничного механизма, с использованием подхода «Что-Если» на основе данных 2019 года. Согласно проведенным расчетам, если бы в 2019 году, экспорт подвергался бы углеродному налогу в рамках углеродного корректирующего пограничного механизма, то потери составили бы минимально $157,5 млн. или 2,1% поступлений в Национальный фонд РК, и максимально, предполагая, что весь экспорт используется в глобальных цепочках поставок товаров в Европу, $576,4 млн. или 7,7% поступлений в Национальный фонд РК. The article is focused on the study of the introduction of the carbon border adjustment mechanism (hereafter CBAM) by the EU, the structure of which considers an import duty on the carbon-intensive goods. For export-oriented countries, this tax implies a higher risk of reduced revenue from carbon-related energy exports to Europe, as well as to the other countries. The authors studied the prerequisites from CBAM introduction, the development, and implementation of mechanism which the aim is to reduce greenhouse gas emissions in the EU, as well as to stimulate the reduction of emissions in other countries. The brief results of studies of international companies, such as Boston Consulting Group and KPMG, are presented on the assessment of the impact of introducing CBAM on international trade. The article provides a preliminary assessment of Kazakhstan's losses due to the carbon border adjustment mechanism introduced by the EU, using the "What-If" approach based on 2019 data. According to the calculations, if CBAM was implemented in 2019 and carbon exports were taxed according to the mechanism, the estimated losses would be $157.5 million, or 2.1% of the revenues of the National Fund of the Republic of Kazakhstan, at minimum. At maximum, with an assumption that all exports that are used in the global supply chain of goods to Europe, the revenue losses would become $576.4 million, or 7.7% of the revenues of the National Fund of the Republic of Kazakhstan.

Carbon border taxes raise international dispute risks

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Emission Trading ◽  
Climate Mitigation ◽  
Trade Disputes ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Adjustment Mechanism ◽  
Climate Policies ◽  
International Dispute ◽  
Demand Patterns ◽  
The Eu ◽  
Border Adjustment

Significance Increasingly demanding climate mitigation targets in some economies have raised concerns over industry competitiveness and possible relocations of carbon-intensive industries. The EU plans a ‘carbon border adjustment mechanism’ (CBAM), effectively a tax, by 2023, to penalise imports from economies without comparable climate policies. These types of measures strengthen industry support for such policies, but risk triggering trade disputes. Impacts Efforts to link different emission trading schemes will grow. Decarbonisation policies will change demand patterns for manufacturing inputs. Developing countries’ climate diplomacy will need to be coordinated with their trade ministries.

scholarly journals Combined Configuration of Container Terminal Berth and Quay Crane considering Carbon Cost

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Jianguo Duan ◽  
Yi Liu ◽  
Qinglei Zhang ◽  
Jiyun Qin
Keyword(s):  
Service Quality ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Carbon Emission ◽  
Container Terminal ◽  
Adaptive Genetic Algorithm ◽  
Carbon Cost ◽  
Quay Cranes ◽  
Reduce Carbon Dioxide ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Operation Cost

Berths and quay cranes are scarce resources in the container terminal system. If the equipment is reasonably planned, the service quality might be improved and the operation cost of the terminal would be reduced. In addition, the competition among ports is not only the competition of the terminal service quality, throughput, and scale but also the competition of low-energy consumption and low pollution. In order to reduce carbon dioxide emissions, this paper developed a multiobjective optimization model for the joint allocation of container terminal berths and Quay cranes. The model is developed based on preference of ships for berths, and the impact of carbon emission cost on terminal operations have been considered. The carbon cost from two aspects, namely, reducing the operation cost of ships and minimizing the average waiting time and departure delay of ships, has been considered. The improved adaptive genetic algorithm has been used to solve the model. A container terminal in Ningbo has been used as a case study. The carbon emission cost of the berths and quay cranes operation system has been calculated. The influence of the variation in carbon emission cost on the berths and quay cranes configuration scheme has been evaluated. The result proves that considering the carbon cost can make the berths and quay cranes operation more green and reasonable. It can be seen that the objective function value of the joint scheme is 5.92% lower than that of the traditional scheme, and the terminal operation cost of carbon emission constraints is 11.76% lower than that of no carbon emission constraints.

scholarly journals Economic and legal aspects of transportation of cargo in Ukraine in the conditions of Euro integration

2019 ◽  
Vol 67 ◽  
pp. 03001
Author(s):  
Nadiia Bocharova ◽  
Victor Popov ◽  
Evheniia Tupytska
Keyword(s):  
Economic Efficiency ◽  
Legal Aspects ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
Cargo Handling ◽  
European Experience ◽  
Legal Nature ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Statistical Indicators ◽  
Economic Expediency ◽  
The Eu

The article is devoted to the study of legal and economic relations that arise in the field of cargo transportation, in particular, their transshipment and legal grounds for its implementation. The article analyzes the legal nature of cargo handling in both the technological process and civil law services. It is determined that transshipment is a separate technological operation in the course of transportation and has its own basis for implementation, which serves as an agreement and therefore confirms and ensures the existence of a legal relationship between individual actors in economic turnover. The authors list the criteria for the economic efficiency of cargo handling, including delivery of cargo to the area where there are no certain types of transport; economic expediency of certain types of transport; and speeding up the delivery process. The European experience in using the cargo handling operation, the basis of the activity of logistic cents and the purpose of their functioning are analyzed. The statistical indicators of economic efficiency in the EU member countries are determined. The authors draw conclusions on the impact of European integration processes on the Ukrainian economy, in particular on the development of the logistics sector.

Implementation of the Paris Agreement on Global Climate: European Carbon Blackmail of Russia and Possibilities of Countering It

2021 ◽  
pp. 77-93
Author(s):  
Sergey Anatolyevich Roginko ◽  
Sergey Nikolaevich Silvestrov
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Tax ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Paris Agreement ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
Adjustment Mechanism ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Carbon Taxation ◽  
The Eu ◽  
Border Adjustment

The subject of the analysis is the EU initiative to introduce the so-called Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism developed within the framework of the «European Green Deal» adopted in 2019 and its possible impact on the Russian exporting industries. The author examines in detail the genesis of European initiatives in the field of border carbon tax, draws a parallel between the Border Carbon Correction Mechanism and the early EU initiatives on carbon taxation of flights of foreign airlines operating in airports of EU countries. Recommendations are given on possible measures to hedge risks associated with this EU initiative, including the possibility of blocking the EU initiative in the international arena, including the positions of the leading world powers on this issue, is analyzed. The tactics of interaction on this issue with such large global exporters as China, India, Brazil and others are proposed.

scholarly journals Opportunities and Challenges of Flexible Electricity-Based Fuel Production for the European Power System

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (23) ◽  
pp. 9844
Author(s):  
Maximilian Borning ◽  
Larissa Doré ◽  
Michael Wolff ◽  
Julian Walter ◽  
Tristan Becker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Power System ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Fuel Production ◽  
Climate Neutrality ◽  
The Impact

To mitigate global warming, the European Union aims at climate neutrality by 2050. In order to reach this, the transportation sector has to contribute especially, which accounts for about a quarter of the European greenhouse gas emissions. Herein, electricity-based fuels are a promising approach for reducing emissions. However, a large-scale deployment of electricity-based fuels has a significant impact on the power system due to high electricity demand and the requirement to use renewable energy sources in order to be sustainable. At the same time, this fuel production could offer additional flexibility for the power system. This article investigates the opportunities and challenges of electricity-based fuels and flexible electricity-based fuel production for the European power system. In a literature analysis, the pivotal role of electricity-based fuels for climate neutrality is confirmed. To analyze the impact of flexible fuel production, European power market simulations for the year 2035 are conducted. Results indicate that flexibilization leads to an increased integration of electricity based on renewable energy sources as well as reductions in both carbon dioxide emissions and total operational costs of the power system. However, very high flexibility levels also benefit high-emission power plants and may even lead to increased emissions.

scholarly journals Agricultural production trends towards carbon neutrality in response to the EU 2030 Green Deal: Economic and environmental analysis in horticulture

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandro Scuderi ◽  
Mariarita Cammarata ◽  
Ferdinando Branca ◽  
Giuseppe Timpanaro
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Organic Production ◽  
Carbon Cycles ◽  
Carbon Neutrality ◽  
Sustainable Cultivation ◽  
Natural Carbon ◽  
Tackle Climate Change ◽  
Reduce Carbon Dioxide ◽  
The Eu

The European Green Deal to tackle climate change sets emission reduction targets for 2050. Particular attention has been paid to the agricultural sector, where there is a strong need to reduce carbon emissions and re-establish the natural carbon cycles. The concept of carbon neutrality is emerging in a scenario where it is necessary to reduce carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>) emissions from cultivation to near zero. The quantification of carbon emissions was carried out by the carbon footprint (CF) of conventional, organic and zero residue potato cultivation in Sicily. In order to provide farmers and consumers with answers regarding the most sustainable cultivation regime, the results showed that the organic and zero residue methods have the best results in terms of emissions; the latter instead revealed the positive results in economic terms. It becomes a new model to follow in the pursuit of sustainability as it is based on the reduction of synthesis inputs and is free from the constraints imposed by organic production standards.

scholarly journals Advantages and Disadvantages of Signing a Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement (CETA) for the Еconomies of the EU and Canada

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 77-81
Author(s):  
P. Yu. Baryshnikov
Keyword(s):  
Trade Agreement ◽  
Mixed Effect ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Multilateral Agreement ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
The Government ◽  
Government Of Canada ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Eu

This article presents an analysis of the main provisions of the Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement (CETA) signed by the government of Canada and the European Parliament at the end of 2016. In particular, the author analysed such aspects of the agreement as the abolition of customs tariffs, the introduction of common quality standards, access to the procurement market, modification of the system of investment disputes, etc. According to the results of the study, there was a mixed effect of the agreement for both Canada and the EU. For some sectors of the economies of the participating countries, the implementation of the CETA promises to create exceptional conditions for development, while for others the signing of a multilateral agreement is unprofitable or means losses. It should be noted that at the present stage the pros and cons of the СЕТА can be considered only at the theoretical level. It will be possible to draw objective conclusions about the impact of the multilateral trade agreement on the development of trade and economic relations between the countries only a certain time later after the ratification of the agreement by all parties. At the current stage of development of Canada-EU relations within the framework of the СЕТА, it can be noted that only the dynamic development and further improvement of the mechanisms of the multilateral agreement will make a trade and economic relations between the countries more open and transparent.

scholarly journals Kryzys ukraiński wyzwaniem dla rozwoju relacji gospodarczych Ukrainy z Unią Europejską

Politeja ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (3(66)) ◽  
pp. 67-77
Author(s):  
Marta Labuda
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Economic Integration ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Entire Area ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
Ukrainian Crisis ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Exploratory Strategy ◽  
The Eu

The Ukrainian Crisis as a Challenge for Development of Economic Relations between Ukraine and European Union The present article is an attempt to look at European economic integration in terms of the Ukrainian crisis that not only Ukraine, but the entire area of Eastern Europe and the European Union must deal with. The purpose of the research is to demonstrate the impact of the Ukrainian crisis on economic integration of Ukraine with the EU. The research has been based on a mixed methodology due to the interdisciplinary subject of the article. The sequential exploratory strategy has been used. The research proves the Ukrainian crisis contributes to the trade exchange instability and causes disruptions in capital cooperation between the EU and Ukraine. The serious crisis shows how important a solid policy is to integrate this country with the EU.

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