Comparison of insecticide resistance in a North American field population and a laboratory colony of potato tuberworm (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae)

2007 ◽  
Vol 81 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahmut Doğramacı ◽  
Ward M. Tingey
Keyword(s):  
Insecticide Resistance ◽  
North American ◽  
Field Population ◽  
Laboratory Colony ◽  
Potato Tuberworm

scholarly journals Insecticide Resistance in Anopheles Albitarsis S.S. From a Rice Production Field, With the First Record of Kdr Mutation in This Species 

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taiza Andrade Braga ◽  
Aline Cordeiro Loureiro ◽  
José Bento Pereira Lima ◽  
Ademir J Martins
Keyword(s):  
Insecticide Resistance ◽  
Taxonomic Status ◽  
First Record ◽  
Blood Feeding ◽  
Resistance Mechanisms ◽  
Field Population ◽  
Low Frequencies ◽  
Laboratory Colony ◽  
Field Samples ◽  
Rice Plantation

Abstract Background: Although there is a vast literature concerning insecticide resistance (IR) in Plasmodium vectors from African and Asian continents, similar studies with Neotropical anophelines are scares. Herein we evaluated the IR profile of Anopheles albitarsis s.s. of a laboratory colony and a natural population collected around a rice plantation field. The laboratory colony is original from a collection performed in this same region more than two decades ago. Methods: We collected An. albitarsis females while resting after blood feeding, around rice field plantations in Massaranduba, SC, Brazil. These females laid their eggs in the laboratory, and the larvae were raised in parallel with our lab colony. To be sure about the field samples’ taxonomic status, we amplified and sequenced the mitochondrial COI gene of a sampling of field captured mosquitoes. We performed a simplified knockdown test with larvae exposed to permethrin and deltamethrin and submitted adult females to a WHO like tube test with the pyrethroids permethrin, deltamethrin, and etofenprox, in addition to the organophosphate malathion. A segment of the voltage-gated sodium channel gene (NaV) was amplified and cloned. Based on the observed sequences, we developed a TaqMan genotyping assay for the variation L1014F and calculated the genotypic and allelic frequencies concerning this SNP in the field population.Results: The COI analyses confirmed the taxonomic status of An. albitarsis s.s in laboratory and field samples. The field population was resistant to pyrethroids but not to malathion. We observed the substitutions L1019R, F1020S, and the classical kdr L1014F in the NaV gene. This classical kdr allele was present under low frequencies in the overall field population (2%), although more frequent in pyrethroid-resistant insects.Conclusions: The An. albitarsis s.s. population from Massaranduba was resistant to pyrethroids, likely due to selection pressure exerted by agrochemical pesticides. We registered the classical kdr mutation in a Brazilian Anopheles species for the first time. Further investigations are necessary to disclose additional resistance mechanisms.

scholarly journals Winter is coming: cold hardiness attributes of a field population of the potato tuberworm Phthorimaea operculella

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefanos S Andreadis ◽  
Yianna Poulia ◽  
Sofia Noukari ◽  
Barbara Aslanidou ◽  
Matilda Savopoulou-Soultani
Keyword(s):  
Cold Hardiness ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Phthorimaea Operculella ◽  
Field Population ◽  
Freezing Injury ◽  
Winter Mortality ◽  
Supercooling Point ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Potato Tuberworm

The potato tuberworm, Phthorimaea operculella (Zeller) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae), is a worldwide pest of solanaceous crops especially devastating to potatoes. In the present study we investigated the cold hardiness profile of short-term acclimated and non-acclimated immature and adult stages of a field population of P. operculella. Late instars displayed the lowest mean supercooling point, for both short-term acclimated and non-acclimated individuals, however, no significant differences were observed among developmental stages. Unlike supercooling capacity, acclimation at 5 oC for 5 days enhanced the ability to survive at subzero temperatures after a 2 h exposure. Mean lethal temperature (LTemp50) of all developmental stages (egg, late instar, pupa and adult) decreased after short-term acclimation, however only adults displayed a significant difference among acclimated and non-acclimated individuals concerning their LTemp50 (-11.1 and -8.3 oC, respectively). Generally, pupae were the most cold tolerant developmental stage followed in decreasing order by the eggs and adults, while interestingly late instars were the least ones. Non-freezing injury above the supercooling point was well documented for all developmental stages indicating a pre-freeze mortality and suggesting that P. operculella is considered to be chill tolerant rather than freeze intolerant. Nevertheless, given its high degree of cold hardiness, winter mortality of P. operculella due to low temperatures is not likely to occur and potential pest outbreak can take place following a mild winter.

Susceptibility of Phthorimaea operculella (Zeller) to Insecticides

1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 420-426 ◽  
Author(s):  
Celina Llanderal-Cázares ◽  
Angel Lagunes-Tejeda ◽  
José Luis Carrillo-Sánchez ◽  
Carlos Sosa-Moss ◽  
Jorge Vera-Graziano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Topical Application ◽  
Methyl Parathion ◽  
Wild Population ◽  
Phthorimaea Operculella ◽  
Technical Grade ◽  
Susceptible Population ◽  
Laboratory Colony ◽  
Potato Tuberworm ◽  
Lethal Doses ◽  
Third Instar Larvae

Seven technical grade insecticides were evaluated against a susceptible population and against two field populations of the potato tuberworm Phthorimaea operculella (Zeller) by topical application to third-instar larvae. Using a standard susceptible laboratory colony, we calculated median lethal doses (LD50) of 0.39, 0.059, 0.12, 0.00022, 0.18, 0.010 and 0.0007 μg/larvae for the insecticides DDT, methyl parathion, ethyl parathion, azinphosmethyl, malathion, carbaryl and permethrin, respectively. By comparison, we found that a wild population from Oyameles, Puebla was susceptible to the insecticides while a population from Leon, Guanajuato was susceptible to DDT, methyl parathion, ethyl parathion, malathion and permethrin, but was resistant to azinphosmethyl and carbaryl.

Oogenesis in a North American population of Aedes (Finlaya) togoi (Theobald) (Diptera: Culicidae)

1985 ◽  
Vol 63 (9) ◽  
pp. 2168-2171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathryn M. McGinnis ◽  
Reinhart A. Brust
Keyword(s):  
North American ◽  
Blood Meal ◽  
Blood Feeding ◽  
North American Population ◽  
American Population ◽  
Female Population ◽  
Host Seeking ◽  
Laboratory Colony ◽  
Aedes Togoi

The expression of autogeny in Aedes togoi and its timing are highly variable. Autogenous females, fed 10% sucrose and maintained at 24 °C with a photoperiod of 17.5 h light: 6.5 h dark, developed mature eggs between 5 and 30 days after eclosion. The percent autogeny in a population from Vancouver, B.C., collected as larvae from the field (P1 generation) was 42% ([Formula: see text] eggs/female); the percent autogeny in the laboratory F2 generation, unselected for autogeny, was 40% ([Formula: see text] eggs/female). In the laboratory colony, the process of maturing follicles to the egg stage was frequently delayed. Some females (8%) had mature oocytes on day 5, while 20, 27, and 44% of the female population had mature oocytes on days 6, 8, and 15, respectively. The presence of mature oocytes does not inhibit blood feeding: 17–26% of the females containing mature oocytes took blood, and embarked on a new round of oogenesis. The ovaries of these females contained two separate cohorts of primary follicles, viz., mature oocytes developed autogenously and oocytes developing as a result of the blood meal. Most of the autogenous females with mature oocytes (57–83%) refused blood. This indicates that the presence of mature follicles is a deterrent to feeding and probably to host-seeking. Mating had no effect on the proportion of females that was autogenous.

scholarly journals First Report of Biochemical Mechanisms of Insecticide Resistance in the Field Population of Culex pipiens (Diptera: Culicidae) From Sari, Mazandaran, North of Iran

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seyed Hassan Nikookar ◽  
Mahmoud Fazeli-Dinan ◽  
Seyyed Payman Ziapour ◽  
Fatemeh Ghorbani ◽  
Yaser Salim-Abadi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insecticide Resistance ◽  
Culex Pipiens ◽  
Pyrethroid Resistance ◽  
Cytochrome P450s ◽  
Field Population ◽  
Susceptible Strain ◽  
Laboratory Population ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
North Of Iran ◽  
The Mean

  Background: Culex pipiens play an important role in transmission of infectious diseases. Vector control by chemical pesticides, leads inevitably to resistance development. Understanding the underlying resistance mechanisms can help improve the control programmes and insecticide resistance management. Methods: The total contents of cytochrome p450s and the activities of glutathione S-transferases, alpha- and beta-esterases and inhibition rates of acetylcholine esterase (by propoxur) were measured in the field population of Cx. pipiens collected from Sari County, North of Iran, in 2016 and the results were compared with those of the laboratory susceptible strain according to the biochemical assay methods of WHO for adult mosquitoes. Independent sample t-test was used to compare the mean values of enzyme activities/contents between filed and laboratory susceptible popula-tions. Results: The enzyme ratio of cytochrome p450s, alpha- and beta-esterases in the field population was 2.07, 3.72 and 1.36 respectively when compared with the results of the laboratory population. Although not statistically significant, the mean GSTs activities in the field population was marginally less than the laboratory population (ER=0.92). Ace-tylcholinesterase was insensitive to propoxur in 62.82% of the individuals of the tested field population. There was a significant difference (P< 0.05) between all values of the activities/contents of the enzyme in the field population except for GSTs compared with the laboratory susceptible strain. The highest enzyme activity was related to alpha esterase. Conclusion: The present study showed a range of metabolic mechanisms, comprising p450s and esterases combined with target site insensitivity of AChE, contributing to organophosphate, carbamate and pyrethroid resistance in the field population of Cx. pipiens.

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