Low-density Ceratocystis polonica inoculation of Norway spruce (Picea abies) triggers accumulation of monoterpenes with antifungal properties

The mating system was investigated in two neighbouring Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) populations with markedly different stand densities. The amount of outcrossing was estimated using open-pollinated array data at four enzyme loci. Multilocus estimates of the proportion of viable progeny owing to outcrossing were 0.956 and 0.955 for the low- and high-density stand, respectively, indicating that the large reduction in stand density had no impact on outcrossing rates. The multilocus estimate was higher than the mean single-locus estimate only for the low-density stand. The lowering of the mean estimate in the low-density stand is probably a consequence of the clustering of related individuals. The regression of pollen allele frequencies on ovule genotype, which is a direct measure of the effective selfing caused by consanguineous matings, had a significant coefficient for the low-density stand and a nonsignificant one for the high-density stand. This obvservation confirms that the major effect of low-stand density in Norway spruce is the occurrence of consanguineous matings. Key words: mating system, outcrossing rate, inbreeding, Norway spruce, stand density.

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Growth of four bark-beetle-associated blue-stain fungi in relation to the induced wound response in Norway spruce

Canadian Journal of Botany ◽

10.1139/b97-069 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 75 (4) ◽

pp. 618-625 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Paal Krokene ◽

Halvor Solheim

Keyword(s):

Norway Spruce ◽

Hyphal Growth ◽

Wound Response ◽

The Other ◽

Low Density ◽

Ophiostoma Piceae ◽

Blue Stain Fungi ◽

Phloem Necrosis ◽

Blue Stain ◽

Ceratocystis Polonica

Twenty-five-year-old Norway spruce trees (Picea abies) were inoculated with four blue-stain fungi. Each tree was inoculated three times with each fungus and three times with sterile agar as a control, giving a total of 15 inoculations per tree. There was little variation in the extent of phloem necrosis produced in response to the different fungi, but 5 weeks after inoculation necroses induced by Ceratocystis polonica and Ambrosiella sp. were significantly longer than those for the other fungi. At the same time, C. polonica had induced sapwood desiccation twice as deeply into the wood as any other fungus. Hyphal growth of the fungi into phloem and sapwood followed the same pattern as necrosis length and desiccation depth. Five weeks after inoculation, C. polonica had penetrated phloem and sapwood farther than any other fungus. It grew more slowly than the other fungi in both tissues the first week after inoculation, but the four following weeks it grew more quickly than all other fungi. Key words: Ambrosiella, blue-stain fungi, Ceratocystis polonica, low-density inoculation, Ophiostoma piceae, Scolytidae.

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Induced wound response of Norway spruce Picea abies P. Karst. after artificial inoculation by imagoes of Ips typographus

Journal of Forest Science ◽

10.17221/4713-jfs ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 49 (No. 9) ◽

pp. 403-411

Author(s):

L. Jankovský ◽

D. Novotný ◽

R. Mrkva

Keyword(s):

Picea Abies ◽

Norway Spruce ◽

Bark Beetles ◽

Ips Typographus ◽

Wound Response ◽

The Other ◽

Artificial Infection ◽

Vascular Pathogens ◽

Host Tissues ◽

Ceratocystis Polonica

Inoculation experiments were carried out on a set of trees with imagoes of Ips typographus L. which origin from the &Scaron;umava Mts. and the Křtiny Training Enterprise. The objective of back inoculations was to determine whether species found on the surface of Ips typographus imagoes spread after the inoculation also through host tissues. It the vicinity of inoculation by Ips typographus imagoes, marked necrotic zones are evident including symptoms of the penetration of vascular pathogens through phloem and sapwood. The most marked reactions were observed in case of inoculation by an untreated Ips typographus imago. Treatment of Ips typographus imagoes by Ibefungin and Fundazol preparations did not demonstrate expected effects in full scale. The spores of several ophiostomoid fungi like Ceratocystis polonica (Siem.) C. Moreau were observed on the surface of bark beetles and at the same time were re-isolated from wounds inoculated by Ips typographus imagoes. The other fungi like Ophiostoma bicolor Davidson & Wells, Leptographium cf. lundbergii Lagerberg & Melin., Pezicula eucrita Karst., Phomopsis sp. and other were found in wounds with the imagoes artificial infection.    

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Diversity of ophiostomatoid fungi associated with bark beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) colonizing branches of Norway spruce (Picea abies) in southern Poland

Biologia ◽

10.2478/s11756-009-0188-2 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 64 (6) ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Robert Jankowiak ◽

Magdalena Kacprzyk ◽

Marta Młynarczyk

Keyword(s):

Picea Abies ◽

Norway Spruce ◽

Bark Beetles ◽

Fungal Species ◽

Ips Typographus ◽

Ophiostomatoid Fungi ◽

Southern Poland ◽

Fungal Associates ◽

Ceratocystis Polonica ◽

Fungal Associate

AbstractBark beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) infesting Norway spruce trees are known to be associated with fungi, especially species of Ophiostoma sensu lato and Ceratocystis. However, very little is known about these fungi in Poland. In this study, we examined the ophiostomatoid species associated with seven species of bark beetles developing in Norway spruce (Picea abies). Fungi were isolated from the beetles and their galleries at ten sites in southern Poland. We identified a total of 2,769 fungal isolates that belong to 19 ophiostomatoid species. These 19 species included a total of 16 associations between fungi and bark beetles that had not been previously recorded. The isolated fungal species were similar to those previously reported. The species spectrum and relative abundance of fungal associates were similar in seven bark beetle species, despite some differences between species. Except for Pityophthorus pityographus, all bark beetles species were frequently associated with ophiostomatoid fungi. The most commonly encountered fungal associates of bark beetles were the following: Ophiostoma ainoae, O. bicolor, O. piceae sensu lato and Grosmannia piceiperda. The results support the hypothesis that pathogenic ophiostomatoid fungi are important for aggressive bark beetles to kill trees. The most virulent fungal associate of bark beetles, Ceratocystis polonica was most commonly associated with Ips typographus. The most frequent ophiostomatoid species isolated from the beetles and galleries of P. pityographus were O. ainoae and Graphium fimbriisporum.

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