scholarly journals Which factors influence the density of birch (Betula pendula Roth) seeds in soil seed banks in temperate woodlands?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katharina Tiebel
Keyword(s):  
Soil Seed Bank ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Ground Cover ◽  
Seed Banks ◽  
Soil Seed Banks ◽  
Seed Sources ◽  
Forest Sites ◽  
Spruce Stands ◽  
Disturbed Forest

AbstractThe natural regeneration of disturbed forest sites is becoming increasingly important due to climate change. Following disturbance events affecting large areas seed trees are often absent from the site, and regeneration solely by means of seed rain may not be successful. In these situations, soil seed banks are an important driver of the regeneration and reforestation of forest sites. The aim of the study was to determine the birch seed density in the soil of birch stands, spruce–birch stands and spruce stands dependent upon the number of seed trees (stands) and upon varying degrees of ground cover using the ‘seedling emergence method.’ The study revealed a significant link between the quantity of germinated birch seedlings in soil samples and the presence of seed sources. Seedling densities of birch in the different stand categories reached 2644–6414 seedlings per m2 [n m−2] in birch stands, 392–759 n m−2 in spruce–birch stands and 25–122 n m−2 in pure spruce stands. The density of germinated birch seedlings was also negatively affected by the soil layer. In all stand types, the factors humus thickness, litter cover, moss cover and herb cover had no significant influence on the amount of birch seedlings. Successful rapid regeneration of disturbed sites by means of the birch soil seed bank is guaranteed in cases where birch stands, or at least birch seed trees, were present before the event. The influence of ground cover on the regeneration potential of birch from the soil is negligible.

scholarly journals Composition of Soil Seed Bank Over Cholistan Desert Microhabitats at Dingarh Fort Area, Pakistan

2016 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 133-138
Author(s):  
Hafiz Muhammad Zia Ullah Ghazali ◽  
Abdul Hamid ◽  
Muhammad Arshad ◽  
Mansoor Hameed ◽  
Malik Muhammad Yousaf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Bank ◽  
Sand Dune ◽  
Soil Seed Bank ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Soil Seed Banks ◽  
Sandy Area ◽  
Cholistan Desert ◽  
Species Analysis ◽  
Shifting Sand

Soil seed banks were assessed in three soil layers (L1, from 0 to 2 cm, L2, 2 to 4 cm and L3,4 to 6 cm depth ) from five microhabitats i.e., Lee-ward side of sand dune (S1), Wind-ward side of sanddune (S2), Clayey area covered with sand (S3), Interdunal sandy area (S4) and Shifting sand dune of siteDingarh Fort area (S5) in Cholistan desert of Pakistan to analyse differences of soil seed bank among thesehabitats. Ten soil samples were collected from each microhabitat and from each layer i.e., 0-2 cm depth(L1), 2-4 cm depth (L2) and 4-6 cm depth (L3) by using 15´15´6 cm metallic sampler. Consistentdifferences in seed composition were observed among these microhabitats. Seedling emergence approachwas used to assess the soil seed bank of Cholistan desert. Canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) wasused for the soil seed bank and the plant species analysis. The microhabitats S3 (Clayey area covered withsand) and S4 (Interdunal sandy area) contributed prominently to the total variance in the species and hadmaximum density of seed bank and soil layer L1 contained maximum number of seeds.

Persistent soil seed banks of the globally significant invasive species, Eupatorium adenophorum, in Yunnan Province, south-western China

2006 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Youxin Shen ◽  
Wenyao Liu ◽  
Jerry M. Baskin ◽  
Carol C. Baskin ◽  
Min Cao
Keyword(s):  
Yunnan Province ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Seed Banks ◽  
Western China ◽  
Seed Density ◽  
Soil Cores ◽  
Eupatorium Adenophorum ◽  
Soil Seed Banks ◽  
Mother Plants

Soil cores were collected at different times between the seed germination and dispersal seasons of Eupatorium adenophorum from 19 sites at five stations with different kinds of vegetation in Yunnan, south-western China. Mother plants of E. adenophorum were absent from eight of the sites, and their frequency was low at nine other sites. However, persistent soil seed banks were present at all 19 sites. Seed density in the 0–10 cm soil layer varied from 47 to 13,806 seeds m−2, and averaged 2199 seeds m−2. Fifty-seven percent of the seeds of E. adenophorum were in the 0–2 cm soil layer, 24% in the 2–5 cm layer and 19% in the 5–10 cm layer. The percentage of cores from which seedlings emerged ranged from 33–100% across all sites. Seed density and seedling emergence percentages varied significantly among the five stations, and both were positively correlated with abundance of mother plants.

FIRE IMPACT ON A MAQUIS SOIL SEED BANK IN CABAÑEROS NATIONAL PARK (CENTRAL SPAIN)

1999 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pablo Ferrandis ◽  
José M. Herranz ◽  
Juan J. Martínez-Sśnchez
Keyword(s):  
Seed Bank ◽  
Soil Seed Bank ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Woody Species ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Seed Banks ◽  
Soil Seed Banks ◽  
Seed Content ◽  
Seed Reserves ◽  
One Year

The direct impact of fire on the soil seed bank and the changes observed one year later were studied by analysis of seed content in sample layers at depths of 0–2 cm and 2–5 cm. Fire had a severe but selective impact on the soil seed bank: species with transient seed reserves accumulating on the soil surface were eliminated, whereas species with persistent buried seed reserves tended to remain in the soil after the passage of fire. Thick seed coats were shown to be an efficient mechanical protection barrier to fire. One year after fire, trade-off between input and output into seed bank produced a conspicuous recovery of seed density and species richness on the soil surface, and a pronounced impoverishment in the 2–5-cm-depth soil layer. In general, seed banks of woody species were severely depleted due to the lack of replacement following fire, with the exception of Erica, which maintained a high seed bank density in the upper soil layer. The post-fire recovery of soil seed populations was mainly due to two clearly differentiated groups of annuals. The first group was of species whose seeds survived fire, germinated, and completed their phenological cycle. They were mainly fire-ephemerals. The second group consisted of wind-dispersed species whose soil seed banks had suffered a very severe (even total) depletion by fire. They were mainly Gramineae and Compositae species which behaved as opportunistic fire-sensitive invaders.

scholarly journals Similarity between seed bank and herb layer in a natural deciduous temperate lowland forest

2011 ◽  
Vol 79 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maciej Wódkiewicz ◽  
Anna Justyna Kwiatkowska-Falińska
Keyword(s):  
Seed Bank ◽  
Soil Seed Bank ◽  
Similarity Index ◽  
Seed Banks ◽  
Herb Layer ◽  
Managed Forests ◽  
Lowland Forest ◽  
Soil Seed Banks ◽  
Dominance Structure ◽  
Species Similarity

Forest seed banks mostly studied in managed forests proved to be small, species poor and not reflecting aboveground species composition. Yet studies conducted in undisturbed communities indicate a different seed bank characteristic. Therefore we aimed at describing soil seed bank in an undisturbed forest in a remnant of European lowland temperate forests, the Białowieża Forest. We compared similarity between the herb layer and seed bank, similarity of seed bank between different patches, and dominance structure of species in the herb layer and in the seed bank of two related oak-hornbeam communities. We report relatively high values of Sorensen species similarity index between herb layer and seed bank of both patches. This suggests higher species similarity of the herb layer and soil seed bank in natural, unmanaged forests represented by both plots than in fragmented communities influenced by man. Although there was a set of core seed bank species present at both plots, yielding high Sorensen species similarity index values, considerable differences between plots in seed bank size and dominance structure of species were found, indicating spatial variability of studied seed bank generated by edaphic conditions. Dominance structure of species in the herb layer was not reflected in the underlying seed bank. This stresses, that natural forest regeneration cannot rely only on the seed bank, although some forest species are capable of forming soil seed banks. While forest seed banks may not reflect vegetation composition of past successional stages, they may inform on history and land use of a specific plot.

scholarly journals Rainfall in growing season determines the size of an annual-dominated soil seed bank in a desert ecosystem

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ya-Fei Shi ◽  
Zengru Wang ◽  
Bing-Xin Xu ◽  
Jian-Qiang Huo ◽  
Rui Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Species Composition ◽  
Seed Bank ◽  
Soil Seed Bank ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Seed Banks ◽  
Desert Ecosystem ◽  
Perennial Herb ◽  
Desert Ecosystems ◽  
Soil Seed Banks

Soil seed banks may offer great potential for restoring and maintaining desert ecosystems that have been degraded by climate change and anthropogenic disturbance. However, few studies have explored the annual dynamics in the composition and relative abundance of these soil seed banks. We conducted a long-term observational study to assess the effects of environmental factors (meteorology and microtopography) and aboveground vegetation on the soil seed bank of the Tengger Desert, China. The desert seed bank was dominated by annual herbs. We found that more rainfall in the growing season increased the number of seeds in the soil seed bank, and that quadrats at relatively higher elevations had fewer seeds. The species composition had more similarity in the seed bank than in the aboveground vegetation, though the seed bank and aboveground vegetation did change synchronously due to the rapid propagation of annuals. Together, our findings suggest that the combined effects of environmental factors and plant life forms determine the species composition and size of soil seed banks in deserts. Thus, if degraded desert ecosystems are left to regenerate naturally, the lack of shrub and perennial herb seeds could crucially limit their restoration. Human intervention and management may have to be applied to enhance the seed abundance of longer-lived lifeforms in degraded deserts.

Dynamics in the emergence of dormant and non-dormant herbaceous species from the soil seed bank from a Brazilian dry forest

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 256-265 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Djalma de Souza ◽  
Bruno Ayron de Souza Aguiar ◽  
Danielle Melo dos Santos ◽  
Vanessa Kelly Rodrigues de Araujo ◽  
Júlia Arruda Simões ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Bank ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Soil Seed Bank ◽  
Seed Banks ◽  
Dry Forest ◽  
Herbaceous Species ◽  
Physical Dormancy ◽  
Soil Seed Banks ◽  
Interspecific Differences

Abstract Aims In dry tropical forests, herbaceous species may have dormancy mechanisms and form persistent and transient seed banks in the soil. Evolutionarily acquired, these mechanisms are efficient for the establishment and survival of these herbs, especially in forests with unpredictable climates, such as the Caatinga. Thus, our objective was to verify whether the studied herbaceous species adopt the physical dormancy mechanism and how these natural barriers are overcome, to understand the temporal dynamics existing in the soil seed bank from a Brazilian dry tropical forest. Methods Seeds of five native herbaceous species from the Caatinga forests were selected and submitted to pre-germinative treatments for verifying the presence of physical dormancy. We collected soil samples in the rainy and dry seasons for four consecutive years and monitored the emergence of the selected herbaceous in the greenhouse. We verified the differences in germination and seed bank emergence in the soil by generalized linear models. Important Findings The presence and absence of physical dormancy were observed in seeds from Caatinga herbaceous species. We found intraspecific and interspecific differences in the herbaceous emergence from soil seed banks between years and climatic seasons. In perennial herbs, consecutive lack of emergence between seasons and years was frequent, which suggests a direct relationship with the mechanism of physical dormancy and the environmental conditions necessary to overcome integument barriers. In these species, seed dimorphism and dormancy may confer additional advantages to their survival. Moreover, presenting intermediate levels of physical dormancy in an annual species may be an evolutionary adjustment to rainfall unpredictability. In contrast, we found that the annual herb without dormancy is more sensitive to seasonal and interannual climate changes, as evidenced by the increase and significant reduction of its emergence in the soil seed bank. These differences acquired evolutionarily are advantageous for the establishment of herbaceous populations, mainly in semiarid regions with an unpredictable climate.

Soil Seed Banks of Adjacent Unlogged Rain-Forest Types in North-Queensland

1990 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 261 ◽  
Author(s):  
AW Graham ◽  
MS Hopkins
Keyword(s):  
Seed Bank ◽  
Forest Type ◽  
Soil Seed Bank ◽  
Floristic Composition ◽  
Seed Banks ◽  
Scaling Analysis ◽  
Forest Types ◽  
Total Size ◽  
Soil Seed Banks ◽  
Secondary Species

The size and floristic composition of soil seed banks under four adjacent, unlogged and structurally different rainforest types were assessed by exposing 17 surface soil samples (to 40mm depth) to germination-house conditions. The mean size of the seed bank in the undisturbed forest types was 240 seeds m-2 (s.d. 139). Seeds of secondary species dominated the soil seed banks in all forest types, although weed seeds constituted only 0.6-4.0%. Some forest types had characteristic component secondary species in the buried seed bank. Agglomerative classification and multidimensional scaling analysis of quantitative sample data indicated that the parent structural-environmental forest type was the dominant influence in determining composition of the soil seed banks. Comparisons of the seed banks of the intact rainforest with those of nearby disturbed forests showed the former to be 35 to 50% smaller in total size, and lacking in some distinctive secondary species. It was concluded that disturbance, both within and adjacent to rainforest, may influence soil seed bank compositions, and hence future patterns of regeneration.

scholarly journals Seed bank modelling of volunteer oil seed rape: from seeds fate in the soil to seedling emergence

2013 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 267-279 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Soltani ◽  
A. Soltani ◽  
S. Galeshi ◽  
F. Ghaderi-Far ◽  
E. Zeinali
Keyword(s):  
Oilseed Rape ◽  
Seed Bank ◽  
Soil Seed Bank ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Seed Viability ◽  
Burial Depth ◽  
Soil Seed Banks ◽  
Seed Bank Dynamics ◽  
Autumn And Winter ◽  
Lower Slope

Studies were conducted to estimate parameters and relationships associated with sub-processes in soil seed banks of oilseed rape in Gorgan, Iran. After one month of burial, seed viability decreased to 39%, with a slope of 2.03% per day, and subsequently decreased with a lower slope of 0.01 until 365 days following burial in the soil. Germinability remained at its highest value in autumn and winter and decreased from spring to the last month of summer. Non-dormant seeds of volunteer oilseed rape did not germinate at temperatures lower than 3.8 ºC and a water potential of -1.4 MPa ºd. The hydrothermal values were 36.2 and 42.9 MPa ºd for sub- and supra-optimal temperatures, respectively. Quantification of seed emergence as influenced by burial depth was performed satisfactorily (R² = 0.98 and RMSE = 5.03). The parameters and relationships estimated here can be used for modelling soil seed bank dynamics or establishing a new model for the environment.

Seedling emergence of hummock grasses in relation to the effects of fire.

1990 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 25 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Bogusiak ◽  
B Rice ◽  
M Westoby ◽  
MH Friedel
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
National Park ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Seed Banks ◽  
Rainfall Event ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Soil Seed Banks ◽  
Subsequent Regeneration

The ecology of hummock-grass vegetation involves recurring fires. The hypothesis was tested that soil seed banks of hummock grass species are stimulated to germinate by the heat of fire or by ash addition. Hummocks of Plectrachne schinzii Henr., Triodia basedowii E. Pritz., and Triodia pungens R. Br. were burned, removed, or removed with the ash returned, and subsequent regeneration was recorded, in Ulum National Park. Regeneration of hummock grass was by seedlings only. Seedling emergence averaged 5/m2, with no differences between treatments or hummock grass species. This indicates the heat of fires and ash addition may not be important in stimulating seed germination of these hummock grass populations. Gemination was distributed over more than one rainfall event following the treatments.

Study on Soil Seed Bank in Saline-Alkali Wetlands of Tianjin Binhai New Area

2012 ◽  
Vol 610-613 ◽  
pp. 3483-3487
Author(s):  
Xun Qiang Mo ◽  
Nuo Xu ◽  
Hong Yuan Li ◽  
Wei Qing Meng
Keyword(s):  
Field Survey ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Soil Seed Bank ◽  
Seed Banks ◽  
Similarity Coefficients ◽  
Temporal And Spatial Distribution ◽  
Soil Seed Banks ◽  
Temporal And Spatial ◽  
Ecological Dominance ◽  
Tianjin Binhai New Area

Field survey and laboratory experiment were conducted to study the characteristics of soil seed banks (SSBs) in typical Saline-alkali wetlands in Tianjin Binhai New Area. The composition, diversity and temporal and spatial distribution of SSBs in three sampling plots were analyzed. The results show that there are 26 species in the SSBs, with species density 6809~30644 grains/m2 and ecological dominance at 0.51~0.81. The diversity index show a relatively low value - the highest Shannon-Wener value is 1.78. The similarity coefficients between SSB and aboveground vegetation are low as well, the lowest value is 0.21. Vertical distribution demonstrates significantly obvious condition with 0-5cm layer having the most species.

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