Epidemiology and Molecular Characterization of Rotavirus A in Fruit Bats in Bangladesh

AbstractRotavirus A (RVA) is the primary cause of acute dehydrating diarrhea in human and numerous animal species. Animal-to-human interspecies transmission is one of the evolutionary mechanisms driving rotavirus strain diversity in humans. We screened fresh feces from 416 bats (201 Pteropus medius, 165 Rousettus leschenaultii and 50 Taphozous melanopogon) for RVA using rRT-PCR. We detected a prevalence of 7% (95% CI 3.5–10.8) and 2% (95% CI 0.4–5.2) in P. medius and R. leschenaultii, respectively. We did not detect RVA in the insectivorous bat (T. melanopogon). We identified RVA strains similar to the human strains of G1 and G8 based on sequence-based genotyping, which underscores the importance of including wildlife species in surveillance for zoonotic pathogens to understand pathogen transmission and evolution better.

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Detection and Molecular Characterization of Rotavirus and Picobirnavirus in Wild Avians from Amazon Forest

10.1101/2020.09.15.297689 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

José Wandilson Barboza Duarte Júnior ◽

Elaine Hellen Nunes Chagas ◽

Ana Carolina Silva Serra ◽

Lizandra Caroline dos Santos Souto ◽

Edvaldo Tavares da Penha Júnior ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Molecular Characterization ◽

Clinical Signs ◽

Wild Birds ◽

Interspecies Transmission ◽

Amazon Forest ◽

Rotavirus A ◽

Exotic Birds ◽

Veterinary Hospital ◽

Nsp3 Gene

ABSTRACTThe present study reports the detection and molecular characterization of rotavirus A (RVA), rotavirus D (RVD), rotavirus F (RVF), rotavirus G (RVG) and picobirnavirus (PBV) in fecal specimens of wild and exotic birds (n = 23) from different cities of Pará state, which were hospitalized at Veterinary Hospital of the Federal University of Pará, Brazil, between January 2018 to June 2019. The animals exhibited different clinical signs, such as diarrhea, malnutrition, dehydration and fractures. The results showed 39.1% (9/23) of positivity for RVA by RT-qPCR. Among these, one sample (1/9) for the NSP3 gene of T2 genotype was characterized. About 88.9% (8/9) for the VP7 gene belonging to G1, equine-like G3 and G6 genotypes, and 55.5% (5/9) for the VP4 gene of P[2] genotype were obtained. In the current study, approximately 4.5% of the samples (1/23) revealed coinfection for the RVA, RVD and RVF groups. Furthermore, picobirnavirus (PBV) was detected in 1 of the 23 samples tested and was classified in the Genogroup I. The findings represent the first report of the circulation of RVA, RVD, RVF, RVG and PBV genotypes in wild birds in Brazil and suggest the possible interspecies transmission of RVs and PBVs.

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The Value of Private Non-Industrial Forestland for Wildlife Species Conservation

EDIS ◽

10.32473/edis-fr405-2017 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2017 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Shelly A. Johnson ◽

Timm Kroeger ◽

Josh Horn ◽

Alison E. Adams ◽

Damian C. Adams

Keyword(s):

Animal Species ◽

Human Life ◽

Economic Value ◽

Species Conservation ◽

Fact Sheet ◽

Monetary Value ◽

Wildlife Species ◽

Wildlife Viewing ◽

Animal Habitat

Animals in Florida provide a variety of benefits to people, from recreation (fishing, hunting, or wildlife viewing) to protection of human life and property (oysters and corals provide reef structures that help protect coasts from erosion and flooding). By measuring the economic value of these benefits, we can assign a monetary value to the habitats that sustain these species and assess the value that is lost when development or other human-based activities degrade animal habitat. This 5-page fact sheet presents the results of a study that assessed the value of protecting five animal species in Florida and showed the economic value of protecting animal habitat.

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Epidemiology and molecular characterization of rotavirus A in bats and rhesus macaques at human-wildlife interfaces in Bangladesh

International Journal of Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1016/j.ijid.2020.09.1377 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 101 ◽

pp. 531-532

Author(s):

A. Islam ◽

M.E. Hossain ◽

M. Rostal ◽

J. Ferdous ◽

M. Miah ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Molecular Characterization ◽

Rhesus Macaques ◽

Rotavirus A

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Ecology of H3 avian influenza viruses in Korea and assessment of their pathogenic potentials

Journal of General Virology ◽

10.1099/vir.0.83462-0 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 89 (4) ◽

pp. 949-957 ◽

Cited By ~ 34

Author(s):

Min-Suk Song ◽

Taek-Kyu Oh ◽

Ho Jin Moon ◽

Dai-Woon Yoo ◽

Eun Ho Lee ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Avian Influenza ◽

Wild Bird ◽

Migratory Birds ◽

Influenza Viruses ◽

Interspecies Transmission ◽

Avian Influenza Viruses ◽

Backyard Poultry ◽

Live Poultry ◽

Live Poultry Markets

To determine the genetic origins of novel H3 avian influenza viruses of chickens and ducks in Korea, genetic characterization of H3 avian influenza viruses isolated from live poultry markets and migratory aquatic birds in South Korea during 2004–2006 was conducted. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that at least four novel genotypes of H3N2 and two genotypes of H3N6 avian influenza viruses were co-circulating in backyard poultry of Korea. The viruses were reassortants between H9N2 viruses of Korean chickens and unknown influenza viruses of migratory birds. Genetic comparison of H3 viruses from live bird markets with those from wild bird isolates revealed that certain gene segments of wild bird isolates are related closely to those of Korean group H9N2 viruses isolated from live poultry markets in 2003. Furthermore, animal-challenge studies demonstrated that the pathogenicity of certain avian H3 influenza viruses was altered due to reassortment, leading to H3 avian influenza viruses in Korea that can potentially expand their host range to include mammals. These studies emphasize the continuing need to monitor backyard poultry at live poultry markets to better understand interspecies transmission and the emergence of novel influenza viruses that have the potential to infect humans.

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Characterization of Bordetella Bronchiseptica Isolated from Rabbits in Fujian, China

10.21203/rs.3.rs-25519/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Jinxiang Wang ◽

Shikun Sun ◽

Yanfeng Chen ◽

Dongjin Chen ◽

Lei Sang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Respiratory Disease ◽

Animal Species ◽

Bordetella Bronchiseptica ◽

Economic Losses ◽

Fujian Province ◽

Pcr Screening ◽

Resistance Rates ◽

First Time ◽

Sequence Types

Abstract Background Bordetella bronchiseptica can infect many animal species, and is a potential zoonotic pathogen that can also infect humans. In rabbits, infection of B. bronchiseptica is associated with respiratory disease, which causes economic losses to the rabbit farming. Fujian Province is a traditional importance rabbit farming area in China. However, no literature about the epidemiology and characteristics of B. bronchiseptica in rabbits in Fujian Province has been reported.Results A total of 219 B. bronchiseptica isolates were recovered from the 833 lung samples of dead rabbits with respiratory disease. The 219 isolates were typed into 11 sequence types (STs) including 5 known STs (ST6, ST10, ST12, ST14 and ST33) and 6 new STs (ST88, ST89, ST90, ST91, ST92 and ST93) by using multi-locus sequence typing (MLST). Surprisingly, all the 219 isolates carried the 5 virulence genes of fhaB, prn, cyaA, dnt and bteA in the PCR screening. Moreover, the isolates resistance to cefixime, ceftizoxime, cefatriaxone and ampicillin were detected, and the resistance rates to the 4 kinds of drug were 33.33, 31.05, 11.87 and 3.20%, respectively.Conclusions In the present study, we showed for the first time that B. bronchiseptica is widespread in rabbits in Fujian Province, and that B. bronchiseptica is an important pathogen associating with respiratory disease in rabbits in Fujian Province. Moreover, it should be alert to the potential occurrence of transmission events between rabbits and humans because the B. bronchiseptica strain of ST12 that can infect humans were also isolated from rabbits in Fujian Province.

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Phylogenetic Analyses of Rotavirus A from Cattle in Uruguay Reveal the Circulation of Common and Uncommon Genotypes and Suggest Interspecies Transmission

Pathogens ◽

10.3390/pathogens9070570 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (7) ◽

pp. 570

Author(s):

Matías Castells ◽

Rubén Darío Caffarena ◽

María Laura Casaux ◽

Carlos Schild ◽

Samuel Miño ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dairy Products ◽

Phylogenetic Analyses ◽

Interspecies Transmission ◽

Economic Losses ◽

Cattle Production ◽

Economic Sectors ◽

Beef Calves ◽

Rotavirus A ◽

P Type ◽

Neonatal Calf Diarrhea

Uruguay is one of the main exporters of beef and dairy products, and cattle production is one of the main economic sectors in this country. Rotavirus A (RVA) is the main pathogen associated with neonatal calf diarrhea (NCD), a syndrome that leads to significant economic losses to the livestock industry. The aims of this study are to determine the frequency of RVA infections, and to analyze the genetic diversity of RVA strains in calves in Uruguay. A total of 833 samples from dairy and beef calves were analyzed through RT-qPCR and sequencing. RVA was detected in 57.0% of the samples. The frequency of detection was significantly higher in dairy (59.5%) than beef (28.4%) calves (p < 0.001), while it did not differ significantly among calves born in herds that were vaccinated (64.0%) or not vaccinated (66.7%) against NCD. The frequency of RVA detection and the viral load were significantly higher in samples from diarrheic (72.1%, 7.99 log10 genome copies/mL of feces) than non-diarrheic (59.9%, 7.35 log10 genome copies/mL of feces) calves (p < 0.005 and p = 0.007, respectively). The observed G-types (VP7) were G6 (77.6%), G10 (20.7%), and G24 (1.7%), while the P-types were P[5] (28.4%), P[11] (70.7%), and P[33] (0.9%). The G-type and P-type combinations were G6P[11] (40.4%), G6P[5] (38.6%), G10P[11] (19.3%), and the uncommon genotype G24P[33] (1.8%). VP6 and NSP1-5 genotyping were performed to better characterize some strains. The phylogenetic analyses suggested interspecies transmission, including transmission between animals and humans.

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Molecular Epidemiology of Rotavirus A Strains Pre- and Post-Vaccine (Rotarix®) Introduction in Mozambique, 2012–2019: Emergence of Genotypes G3P[4] and G3P[8]

Pathogens ◽

10.3390/pathogens9090671 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (9) ◽

pp. 671 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Eva D. João ◽

Benilde Munlela ◽

Assucênio Chissaque ◽

Jorfélia Chilaúle ◽

Jerónimo Langa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Acute Diarrhea ◽

Sentinel Site ◽

Predominant Genotype ◽

Post Vaccination ◽

Rotavirus A ◽

Strain Diversity ◽

Monovalent Vaccine ◽

Group A ◽

Expanded Program On Immunization ◽

First Time

Group A rotavirus (RVA) remains the most important etiological agent associated with severe acute diarrhea in children. Rotarix® monovalent vaccine was introduced into Mozambique’s Expanded Program on Immunization in September 2015. In the present study, we report the diversity and prevalence of rotavirus genotypes, pre- (2012–2015) and post-vaccine (2016–2019) introduction in Mozambique, among diarrheic children less than five years of age. Genotyping data were analyzed for five sentinel sites for the periods indicated. The primary sentinel site, Mavalane General Hospital (HGM), was analyzed for the period 2012–2019, and for all five sites (country-wide analyses), 2015–2019. During the pre-vaccine period, G9P[8] was the most predominant genotype for both HGM (28.5%) and the country-wide analysis (46.0%). However, in the post-vaccine period, G9P[8] was significantly reduced. Instead, G3P[8] was the most common genotype at HGM, while G1P[8] predominated country-wide. Genotypes G9P[4] and G9P[6] were detected for the first time, and the emergence of G3P[8] and G3P[4] genotypes were observed during the post-vaccine period. The distribution and prevalence of rotavirus genotypes were distinct in pre- and post-vaccination periods, while uncommon genotypes were also detected in the post-vaccine period. These observations support the need for continued country-wide surveillance to monitor changes in strain diversity, due to possible vaccine pressure, and consequently, the effect on vaccine effectiveness.

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Full genome characterization of human Rotavirus A strains isolated in Cameroon, 2010–2011: Diverse combinations of the G and P genes and lack of reassortment of the backbone genes

Infection Genetics and Evolution ◽

10.1016/j.meegid.2014.10.009 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 28 ◽

pp. 537-560 ◽

Cited By ~ 23

Author(s):

Valentine Ngum Ndze ◽

Mathew Dioh Esona ◽

Eric Akum Achidi ◽

Kamga Hortense Gonsu ◽

Renáta Dóró ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Full Genome ◽

Genome Characterization ◽

Rotavirus A ◽

Human Rotavirus

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In vivo and in vitro trimethadione oxidation activity of the liver from various animal species including mouse, hamster, rat, rabbit, dog, monkey and human

Human & Experimental Toxicology ◽

10.1177/096032719901800102 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 18 (1) ◽

pp. 12-16 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

E Tanaka ◽

A Ishikawa ◽

T Horie

Keyword(s):

Animal Species ◽

In Vitro Study ◽

Metabolic Clearance ◽

Oxidation Activity ◽

In Vitro Characterization ◽

Demethylase Activity ◽

Total Body

Trimethadione (TMO) has the properties required of a probe drug for the evaluation of hepatic drug-oxidizing capacity and, in this study, we have summarized the in vivo and in vitro metabolism of TMO in various animal species including mouse, hamster, rat, rabbit, dog, monkey and human. In the in vivo study, the plasma TMO level was measured after intravenous or oral (human) administration of TMO at a dose of 4 mg/kg to various animal species. The rate of TMO metabolic clearance in these animal species in vivo was in the order mouse > hamster >rat>rabbit>dog>monkey>human. In the in vitro study, species differences were observed in the cytochrome P450 (P450) content and drug-oxidizing enzyme activity. The content of P450 was monkey> mouse>dog>rabbit>hamster>rat>human. On the other hand, TMO N-demethylation was in the order mouse >hamster >rat >rabbit>dog>monkey>human. There was a good correlation between the mean total body clearance of TMO ( in vivo)andthemeanTMON-demethylase activity ( in vitro) (y=1.7×+0.11, r=0.965, P<0.001). These results show that TMO is a probe agent with metabolic and pharmacokinetic characteristics making it attractive for the in vivo and in vitro characterization of metabolic activity in various animal species.

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