Correction to: Indirect positive effects of agricultural modernization on the abundance of Japanese tree frog tadpoles in rice fields through the release from predators

In China, the pink stem borer (PSB) Sesamia inferens (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) has become a rice pest in some rice-producing regions. The cause of this shift from secondary to major pest is unknown. The major purpose of this study was to examine the effect of five commonly used pesticides in rice fields on reproduction of PSB and on biochemical substances of rice plants. The results showed that the weight of pupae developed from 1st instar larvae treated with 2 mg/L triazophos and the number of eggs laid by emerged females from the treatment were significantly greater than those of the control, increasing by 26.2% and 47%, respectively. In addition, a nontarget insecticide, pymetrozine 100 mg/L, and a target insecticide, chlorantraniliprole 2 mg/L, stimulated reproduction of PSB. Biochemical measurement showed that foliar sprays of these pesticides resulted in significant reductions of contents of resistant substances, flavonoids and phenolic acids, in rice plants. For example, flavonoids and phenolic acids of rice plants treated with triazophos reduced by 48.5% and 22.4%, respectively, compared to the control. Therefore, we predicted that the application of some pesticides, eg triazophos and chlorantraniliprole, may be the cause of the increase in the population numbers of PSB in rice fields.

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Local knowledge on rice variations (landraces) of the Naga Community, West Java, Indonesia

Asian Journal of Ethnobiology ◽

10.13057/asianjethnobiol/y010101 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 1-8

Author(s):

SIDIK PERMANA ◽

JOHAN ISKANDAR ◽

PARIKESIT PARIKESIT

Keyword(s):

Local Knowledge ◽

Rice Fields ◽

Population Increase ◽

Ecological Knowledge ◽

Rice Farming ◽

Seed Selection ◽

West Java ◽

Rice Varieties ◽

Agricultural Modernization ◽

Rice Landraces

Abstract. Permana S, Iskandar J, Parikesit. 2018. Local knowledge on rice variations (landraces) of the Naga Community, West Java, Indonesia. Asian J Ethnobiol 1: 1-8. Ethnobotanical studies have indicated that diversity of local varieties of crop plants and associated local knowledge has seriously eroded in many developing countries across cultures, including West Java, Indonesia, due to many factors such as agricultural modernization, development of market economy, government policies and human population increase. This paper gives an account of the local knowledge or the traditional ecological knowledge (TEK) about the rice varieties (landraces) of the wet rice fields, management of wet rice farming and also factors influencing local knowledge of rice landraces of the wet rice fields of the Naga community, West Java, using a combination of qualitative and quantitative ethnobotanical methods. The result of study shows that the Naga community has still maintained a rich TEK on local rice landraces. About 15 landraces of wet rice have been recorded which are distinguished by Naga community based on traditional knowledge. They also manage various local rice landraces and wet rice farming activities including seed selection, preparing nursery and land, planting, crop and pest management, harvesting and storage of harvested rice based on the TEK embedded in their culture.

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Divergent responses of exposed and naive Pacific tree frog tadpoles to invasive predatory crayfish

Oecologia ◽

10.1007/s00442-013-2745-1 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 174 (1) ◽

pp. 241-252 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Katherine M. Pease ◽

Robert K. Wayne

Keyword(s):

Tree Frog ◽

Frog Tadpoles

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The Life Cycle and Morphology of Tetracerasta Blepta, Gen. Et Sp. Nov., And Stegodexamene Callista, Sp. Nov. (Trematoda: Lepocreadiidae) From the Long-Finned Eel, Anguilla Reinhardtii Steindachner.

Australian Journal of Zoology ◽

10.1071/zo9840177 ◽

1984 ◽

Vol 32 (1) ◽

pp. 177 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

RA Watson

Keyword(s):

Life Cycle ◽

Developmental Stages ◽

New South ◽

Life Cycles ◽

Tree Frog ◽

Pharyngeal Muscle ◽

South Wales ◽

Freshwater Eel ◽

Frog Tadpoles ◽

First Intermediate Host

Two new lepocreadiid digeneans, Tetracerasta blepta, gen. sp. nov., and Stegodexamene callista, sp. nov., are described from the intestine of the long-finned freshwater eel, Anguilla reinhardtii, in the Brisbane River, Queensland, and from the Australian bass, Macquaria novemaculeata, in the Richmond River in New South Wales. Their life cycles have been elucidated and completed in the laboratory, by means of uninfected hosts. Both lepocreadiid species use the prosobranch gastropod, Posticobia brazieri, as their first intermediate host. Cercariae of T. blepta penetrate and encyst in the pharyngeal muscle, external muscle, and viscera of fishes in the genera Gobiomorphus and Hypseleotris, and in several species of tree frog tadpoles. The cercariae of S. callista are often eaten or accidentally inhaled by several small fishes, including Retropinna, Craterocephalus, Pseudomugiland Ambasszs, and encyst in the pharyngeal muscle and viscera. All developmental stages are described and illustrated.

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Magnesium and sulfur in mast cell and basophil granules of lower vertebrates in relation with histamine

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100132613 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 50 (2) ◽

pp. 1596-1597

Author(s):

Kenichi Takaya

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽

Mast Cell ◽

Mast Cells ◽

Tree Frog ◽

X Ray ◽

Transmission Electron ◽

Scanning Transmission ◽

Fresh Frozen ◽

Ultrathin Sections

Mast cell and basophil granules of the vertebrate contain heparin or related sulfated proteoglycans. Histamine is also present in mammalian mast cells and basophils. However, no histamine is detected in mast cell granules of the amphibian or fish, while it is shown in those of reptiles and birds A quantitative x-ray microanalysis of mast cell granules of fresh frozen dried ultrathin sections of the tongue of Wistar rats and tree frogs disclosed high concentrations of sulfur in rat mast cell granules and those of sulfur and magnesium in the tree frog granules. Their concentrations in tree frog mast cell granules were closely correlated (r=0.94).Fresh frozen dried ultrathin sections and fresh air-dried prints of the tree frog tongue and spleen and young red-eared turtle (ca. 6 g) spleen and heart blood were examined by a quantitative energy-dispersive x-ray microanalysis (X-650, Kevex-7000) for the element constituents of the granules of mast cells and basophils. The specimens were observed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) (80-200 kV) and followed by scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) under an analytical electron microscope (X-650) at an acceleration voltage of 40 kV and a specimen current of 0.2 nA. A spot analysis was performed in a STEM mode for 100 s at a specimen current of 2 nA on the mast cell and basophil granules and other areas of the cells. Histamine was examined by the o-phthalaldehyde method.

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Effects of a 6-Week Straw Phonation in Water Exercise Program on the Aging Voice

Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research ◽

10.1044/2020_jslhr-19-00124 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 63 (4) ◽

pp. 1018-1032

Author(s):

Chia-Hsin Wu ◽

Roger W. Chan

Keyword(s):

Acoustic Analysis ◽

Vocal Tract ◽

Exercise Program ◽

Analysis Of Covariance ◽

Elderly Subjects ◽

Control Group ◽

Perceptual Evaluation ◽

Positive Effects ◽

Aging Voice ◽

Before And After

Purpose Semi-occluded vocal tract (SOVT) exercises with tubes or straws have been widely used for a variety of voice disorders. Yet, the effects of longer periods of SOVT exercises (lasting for weeks) on the aging voice are not well understood. This study investigated the effects of a 6-week straw phonation in water (SPW) exercise program. Method Thirty-seven elderly subjects with self-perceived voice problems were assigned into two groups: (a) SPW exercises with six weekly sessions and home practice (experimental group) and (b) vocal hygiene education (control group). Before and after intervention (2 weeks after the completion of the exercise program), acoustic analysis, auditory–perceptual evaluation, and self-assessment of vocal impairment were conducted. Results Analysis of covariance revealed significant differences between the two groups in smoothed cepstral peak prominence measures, harmonics-to-noise ratio, the auditory–perceptual parameter of breathiness, and Voice Handicap Index-10 scores postintervention. No significant differences between the two groups were found for other measures. Conclusions Our results supported the positive effects of SOVT exercises for the aging voice, with a 6-week SPW exercise program being a clinical option. Future studies should involve long-term follow-up and additional outcome measures to better understand the efficacy of SOVT exercises, particularly SPW exercises, for the aging voice.

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