scholarly journals Social Network Strategies to Address HIV Prevention and Treatment Continuum of Care Among At-risk and HIV-infected Substance Users: A Systematic Scoping Review

2016 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 1183-1207 ◽  
Author(s):  
Debarchana Ghosh ◽  
Archana Krishnan ◽  
Britton Gibson ◽  
Shan-Estelle Brown ◽  
Carl A. Latkin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Social Network ◽  
Hiv Prevention ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Continuum Of Care ◽  
Substance Users ◽  
Prevention And Treatment

scholarly journals Using social networks to understand and overcome implementation barriers in the global HIV response

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guy Harling ◽  
Alexander Tsai
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Social Network ◽  
Hiv Prevention ◽  
Implementation Barriers ◽  
Treatment Interventions ◽  
Social Network Data ◽  
Prevention And Treatment ◽  
At Risk Populations ◽  
Most At Risk Populations ◽  
Roll Out

Despite the development of several efficacious HIV prevention and treatment methods in the past decades, HIV continues to spread globally. Uptake of interventions is non-randomly distributed across populations, and such inequality is socially patterned both statically (due to homophily) and dynamically (due to social selection and influence). Social network analysis (SNA) methods, including egocentric, sociocentric, and respondent-driven sampling, provide tools to measure most-at-risk populations, to understand how epidemics spread, and to evaluate intervention take-up. SNA informed designs can improve intervention effectiveness by reaching otherwise inaccessible populations and improve efficiency by maximizing spillovers to at-risk but susceptible individuals through social ties; they thus have the potential to be both more effective and less unequal in their effects than SNA-naïve approaches. While SNA-informed designs are often resource-intensive, they are uniquely able to help reach those most in need of HIV prevention and treatment interventions. Increased collection of social network data during both research and implementation work would provide important information to improve the roll-out of existing studies in the present and to inform the design of more data-efficient, SNA-informed interventions in the future.

Correlates of Medical Mistrust Among Minority Women at Risk for HIV and Their Networks

2021 ◽  
pp. 109019812098678
Author(s):  
Laura M. Johnson ◽  
Harold D. Green ◽  
Brandon Koch ◽  
Robert Harding ◽  
Jamila K. Stockman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Black Women ◽  
Hiv Prevention ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Medical Mistrust ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Prevention And Treatment ◽  
Egocentric Network ◽  
History Of ◽  
Sex With Men

Background Medical mistrust is a barrier to engaging in HIV prevention and treatment, including testing and adherence to antiretroviral therapy. Research often focuses on how race and experiences of discrimination relate to medical mistrust, overlooking the role that other characteristics may play (e.g., history of physical abuse, diagnosis of mental illness). Furthermore, studies are often restricted to samples of men who have sex with men and findings may not generalize to other at-risk groups. Aims The current study explores a range of demographic, cognitive, behavioral, and social network correlates of medical mistrust. Method This study employed an egocentric network design among a racially diverse sample of at-risk women and women in their social networks ( n = 165). Results Results from multivariable linear regressions stratified by race (Black vs. others) indicate that medical mistrust is associated with both individual-level and network-level characteristics. Across both groups, age and experiences of racial discrimination were associated with higher medical mistrust. Having a regular sex partner and having a higher proportion of network members who are family was significantly associated with medical mistrust among non-Black women. Discussion Individual-level and network-level variables were significantly associated with medical mistrust. Therefore, interventions that attempt to mitigate medical mistrust as a barrier to HIV prevention and treatment should consider how mistrust may be related to characteristics of individuals and broader contexts. Conclusion Health interventions may benefit from conceiving of medical mistrust as a complex, rational response to cumulative discriminatory life experiences and a reflection of the networks within which individuals are embedded.

scholarly journals Improving communication about HIV prevention among people living with HIV and their at-risk social network members in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 1600230 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hellen Siril ◽  
Anna Kaale ◽  
Anna Minja ◽  
Japheth Kilewo ◽  
Ferdinand Mugusi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Social Network ◽  
Hiv Prevention ◽  
Dar Es Salaam ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Living With Hiv

scholarly journals Differentiated Prevention And Care To Reduce The Risk of HIV Acquisition And Transmission Among Female Sex Workers In Zimbabwe: Study Protocol For The ‘AMETHIST’ Cluster Randomised Trial

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frances Cowan ◽  
Fortunate Machingura ◽  
Sungai T Chabata ◽  
Sanni Ali ◽  
Joanna Busza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Hiv Prevention ◽  
Sex Workers ◽  
Female Sex Workers ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Total N ◽  
Female Sex ◽  
Prevention And Treatment ◽  
Hiv Acquisition ◽  
Risk Of Hiv Acquisition

Abstract Background: Female sex workers (FSW) in sub-Saharan Africa are disproportionately affected by HIV and are critical to engage in both HIV prevention and care. Here we describe our approach to evaluation of the AMETHIST intervention for FSW, adapted to the African context and set in Zimbabwe where there is a nationally-scaled programme for sex workers (Sisters). We hypothesise this intervention will raise uptake and adherence to prevention and treatment among FSW resulting in a reduction in their risk of HIV acquisition/transmission.Methods: The AMETHIST intervention (Adapted Microplanning to Eliminate Transmission of HIV in Sex Transactions) aims to provide risk differentiated prevention and care to FSW through microplanning and self help groups. Twenty two towns with the Sisters programme were randomised using restricted randomisation to either the Sisters programme or the Sister programme plus AMETHIST. The primary outcome is composite and is defined as the proportion of HIV positive FSW at risk of HIV transmission combined with the proportion of HIV negative FSW at risk of HIV acquisition. The outcome will be assessed after two years of intervention delivery in a respondent-driven sampling survey (total n=4400; n=200 FSW recruited at each site). Primary analysis will use the ‘RDS-2’ method to estimate cluster summaries and will adapt Hayes and Moulton’s ‘2-step’ method to adjust effect estimates for individual-level confounders and further adjust for cluster baseline prevalence. An in-depth process evaluation guided by our project trajectory will be undertaken.Discussion: Innovative pragmatic trials are needed to generate evidence on effectiveness of combination interventions in HIV prevention and treatment in different contexts. We describe the design and analysis of such a study.Trial Registration: The trial was registered at Pan African Clinical Trials Registry (PACTR202007818077777) on 2 July 2020.

scholarly journals Intersections of food insecurity, violence, poor mental health and substance use among US women living with and at risk for HIV: Evidence of a syndemic in need of attention

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. e0252338
Author(s):  
Anna M. Leddy ◽  
Jennifer M. Zakaras ◽  
Jacqueline Shieh ◽  
Amy A. Conroy ◽  
Ighovwerha Ofotokun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
At Risk ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Hiv Prevention ◽  
Food Insecurity ◽  
San Francisco ◽  
Hiv Risk ◽  
The United States ◽  
Poor Mental Health ◽  
Prevention And Treatment

Background Food insecurity and intimate partner violence (IPV) are associated with suboptimal HIV prevention and treatment outcomes, yet limited research has explored how food insecurity and IPV intersect to influence HIV-related behaviors. To fill this gap, we conducted a qualitative study with women living with or at risk for HIV in the United States. Methods We conducted 24 in-depth interviews with women enrolled in the San Francisco and Atlanta sites of the Women’s Interagency HIV study (WIHS). Participants were purposively sampled so half were living with HIV and all reported food insecurity and IPV in the past year. Semi-structured interviews explored experiences with food insecurity and IPV, how these experiences might be related and influence HIV risk and treatment behaviors. Analysis was guided by an inductive-deductive approach. Results A predominant theme centered on how food insecurity and IPV co-occur with poor mental health and substance use to influence HIV-related behaviors. Women described how intersecting experiences of food insecurity and IPV negatively affected their mental health, with many indicating using substances to “feel no pain”. Substance use, in turn, was described to perpetuate food insecurity, IPV, and poor mental health in a vicious cycle, ultimately facilitating HIV risk behaviors and preventing HIV treatment adherence. Conclusions Food insecurity, IPV, poor mental health and substance use intersect and negatively influence HIV prevention and treatment behaviors. Findings offer preliminary evidence of a syndemic that goes beyond the more widely studied “SAVA” (substance use, AIDS, and violence) syndemic, drawing attention to additional constructs of mental health and food insecurity. Quantitative research must further characterize the extent and size of this syndemic. Policies that address the social and structural drivers of this syndemic, including multi-level and trauma-informed approaches, should be implemented and evaluated to assess their impact on this syndemic and its negative health effects.

Shifting the Paradigm in HIV Prevention and Treatment Service Delivery Toward Differentiated Care for Youth

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincent Guilamo-Ramos ◽  
Marco Thimm-Kaiser ◽  
Adam Benzekri ◽  
Donna Futterman
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Hiv Prevention ◽  
Service Delivery ◽  
The United States ◽  
Hiv Care ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Service Needs ◽  
Minority Adolescents ◽  
Prevention And Treatment ◽  
Differentiated Care

Despite significant progress in the fight against HIV/AIDS in the United States, HIV prevention and treatment disparities among key populations remain a national public health concern. While new HIV diagnoses are increasing among people under age 30—in particular among racial, ethnic, and sexual minority adolescents and young adults (AYA)—dominant prevention and treatment paradigms too often inadequately consider the unique HIV service needs of AYA. To address this gap, we characterize persistent and largely overlooked AYA disparities across the HIV prevention and treatment continuum, identify AYA-specific limitations in extant resources for improving HIV service delivery in the United States, and propose a novel AYA-centered differentiated care framework adapted to the unique ecological and developmental factors shaping engagement, adherence, and retention in HIV services among AYA. Shifting the paradigm for AYA to differentiated HIV care is a promising approach that warrants implementation and evaluation as part of reinforced national efforts to end the HIV epidemic in the United States by 2030.

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